Act of Settlement 1701

The Act of Settlement is an Act of the

The Act of Supremacy 1558 had confirmed the independence of the Church of England from Roman Catholicism under the English monarch. One of the principal factors which contributed to the Glorious Revolution was the perceived assaults made on the Church by King James II, a Roman Catholic, who was deposed in favour of his Protestant daughter Mary II and her husband William III. The need for this Act of Settlement was prompted by the inability of William and Mary, as well as of Mary's Protestant sister (the future Queen Anne), to produce any surviving children, and by the perceived threat posed by the pretensions to the throne by remaining Roman Catholic members of the House of Stuart.

The Act played a key role in the formation of the

Along with the

Background

Following the Glorious Revolution, the line of succession to the English throne was governed by the Bill of Rights 1689, which declared that the flight of James II from England to France during the revolution amounted to an abdication of the throne and that James's daughter Mary II and her husband/cousin, William III (William of Orange, who was also James's nephew), were James's successors. The Bill of Rights also provided that the line of succession would go through Mary's Protestant descendants by William and any possible future husband should she outlive him, then through Mary's sister Anne and her Protestant descendants, and then to the Protestant descendants of William III by a possible later marriage should he outlive Mary. During the debate, the House of Lords had attempted to append Sophia and her descendants to the line of succession, but the amendment failed in the Commons.^[7]

Mary II died childless in 1694, after which William III did not remarry. In 1700, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, who was Anne's only child to survive infancy, died of what may have been smallpox at the age of 11.^[8] Thus, Anne was left as the only person in line to the throne. The Bill of Rights excluded Catholics from the throne, which ruled out James II and his children (as well as their descendants) sired after he converted to Catholicism in 1668. However, it did not provide for the further succession after Anne. Parliament thus saw the need to settle the succession on Sophia and her descendants, and thereby guarantee the continuity of the Crown in the Protestant line.

With religion and lineage initially decided, the ascendancy of William of Orange in 1689 would also bring his partiality to his foreign favourites that followed. By 1701 English jealousy of foreigners was rampant, and action was considered necessary.^[9]

The Act

The Act of Settlement provided that the throne would pass to the

Conditional provisions

The Act contained eight additional provisions that were to only come into effect upon the death of both William and Anne:^[10]

Firstly, the monarch "shall join in communion with the Church of England". This was intended to ensure the exclusion of a Roman Catholic monarch. Along with James II's perceived despotism, his religion was the main cause of the Glorious Revolution, and of the previous linked religious and succession problems which had been resolved by the joint monarchy of William III and Mary II.

Second, if a person not native to England comes to the throne, England will not wage war for "any dominions or territories which do not belong to the Crown of England, without the consent of Parliament". This would become relevant when a member of the

Third, no monarch may leave "the dominions of

Fourth, all government matters within the jurisdiction of the Privy Council were to be transacted there, and all council resolutions were to be signed by those who advised and consented to them. This was because Parliament wanted to know who was deciding policies, as sometimes councillors' signatures normally attached to resolutions were absent. This provision was repealed early in Queen Anne's reign, as many councillors ceased to offer advice and some stopped attending meetings altogether.^[11]

Fifth, no foreigner ("no Person born out of the Kingdoms of England Scotland or Ireland or the Dominions thereunto belonging"), even if naturalised or made a denizen (unless born of English parents), can be a Privy Councillor or a member of either House of Parliament, or hold "any Office or Place of Trust, either Civill [sic] or Military, or to [sic] have any Grant of Lands, Tenements or Hereditaments from the Crown, to himself or to any other or others in Trust for him".^[9] Subsequent nationality laws (today primarily the British Nationality Act 1981) made naturalised citizens the equal of those native born, and excluded Commonwealth citizens from the definition of foreigners, and citizens of the Irish Republic from the definition of aliens, but otherwise this provision still applies. It has however been disapplied in particular cases by a number of other statutes.

Sixth, no person who has an office under the monarch, or receives a pension from the Crown, was to be a Member of Parliament. This provision was inserted to avoid unwelcome royal influence over the House of Commons. It remains in force, but with several exceptions; ministers of the Crown were exempted early on before Anne's death in order to continue some degree of royal patronage, but

Seventh, Judges' commissions are valid quamdiu se bene gesserint (during good behaviour) and if they do not behave themselves, they can be removed only by both Houses of Parliament (or in other Commonwealth realms the one House of Parliament, depending on the legislature's structure). This provision was the result of various monarchs influencing judges' decisions, and its purpose was to assure judicial independence. This patent was used prior to 1701 but did not prevent Charles I from removing Sir John Walter as Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

Eighth, that "no Pardon under the

The Tory administration that replaced the Whig Junto in 1699 took responsibility for steering the Act through Parliament. As a result, it passed with little opposition, although five peers voted against it in the House of Lords, including the Earl of Huntingdon, his brother-in-law the Earl of Scarsdale and three others.^[13] While many shared their opposition to a 'foreign' king, the general feeling was summed up as 'better a German prince than a French one.'^[14]

Legacy

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Succession to the British throne
Legislation
Succession Act 1533 Succession Act 1536 Succession Act 1543 Coronation Oath Act 1688 Bill of Rights 1689 Claim of Right Act 1689 Act of Settlement 1701 Act of Union 1706 Accession Declaration Act 1910 Perth Agreement 2011 Succession to the Crown Act 2013 Regency Acts
Current line of succession
Monarch: Charles III William, Prince of Wales Prince George of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales Prince Louis of Wales Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex Prince Archie of Sussex Princess Lilibet of Sussex
David Lindsay Keir placed its importance above the Bill of Rights of 1689.[15] Naamani Tarkow wrote: "If one is to make sweeping statements, one may say that, save Magna Carta (more truly, its implications), the Act of Settlement is probably the most significant statute in English history".[16] Union of Scotland with England and Wales The Act of Settlement was, in many ways, the major cause of the Act of Security in 1704, through which Scotland reserved the right to choose its own successor to Queen Anne . Stemming from this, the Parliament of England decided that, to ensure the stability and future prosperity of Great Britain, full union of the two parliaments and nations was essential before Anne's death. It used a combination of exclusionary legislation (the Act of Union 1707. This success was in marked contrast to the four attempts at political union between 1606 and 1689, which all failed owing to a lack of political will in both kingdoms. By virtue of Article II of the Treaty of Union, which defined the succession to the throne of Great Britain, the Act of Settlement became part of Scots law as well. Succession to the Crown In addition to excluding James II, who died a few months after the Act received royal assent, and his Roman Catholic children, Prince James (The Old Pretender) and the Princess Royal, the Act also excluded the descendants of Princess Henrietta, the youngest sister of James II. Henrietta's daughter was Anne, Queen of Sardinia, a Roman Catholic, from whom descend all Jacobite pretenders after 1807. With the legitimate descendants of Elizabeth of Bohemia, the only other child of King James I to have survived childhood. Elizabeth had borne nine children who reached adulthood, of whom Sophia was the youngest daughter. However in 1701 Sophia was the senior Protestant one, therefore with a legitimate claim to the English throne; Parliament passed over her Roman Catholic siblings, namely her sister Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, and their descendants, who included Elizabeth Charlotte, Duchess of Orléans; Louis Otto, Prince of Salm, and his aunts; Anne Henriette, Princess of Condé, and Benedicta Henrietta, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Removal from the succession due to Catholicism Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz in 1978; he was fifteenth in the line of succession at the time. He was restored to the line of succession in 2015 when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 came into force, and became 34th in line.[17] The next most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who had been ineligible to succeed on this ground is Autumn Kelly; Kelly had been brought up as a Roman Catholic, but she converted to Anglicanism prior to the wedding. Had she not done so, Phillips would have forfeited his place in the succession upon their marriage, only to have it restored in 2015. Excluding those princesses who have married into Roman Catholic royal families, such as Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh, one member of the Royal Family (that is, with the style of Royal Highness) has converted to Roman Catholicism since the passage of the Act: the Duchess of Kent, wife of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who converted on 14 January 1994, but her husband did not lose his place in the succession because she was an Anglican at the time of their marriage.[18] Present status As well as being part of the law of the United Kingdom, the Act of Settlement was received into the laws of all the countries and territories over which the British monarch reigned. It remains part of the laws of the 15 Commonwealth realms and the relevant jurisdictions within those realms. In accordance with established convention, the Statute of Westminster 1931 and later laws, the Act of Settlement (along with the other laws governing the succession of the Commonwealth realms) may only be changed with the agreement of all the realms (and, in some federal realms, the constituent members of those federations). The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 changed many provisions of this Act. Amendment proposals Challenges have been made against the Act of Settlement, especially its provisions regarding Roman Catholics and preference for males. However, changing the Act is a complex process, since the Act governs the shared succession of all the Commonwealth realms. The Statute of Westminster 1931 acknowledges by established convention that any changes to the rules of succession may be made only with the agreement of all of the states involved, with concurrent amendments to be made by each state's parliament or parliaments. Further, as the current monarch's eldest child and, in turn, his eldest child, are Anglican males, any change to the succession laws would have no immediate implications. Consequently, there was little public concern with the issues and debate had been confined largely to academic circles until the November 2010 announcement that Prince William was to marry. This raised the question of what would happen if he were to produce first a daughter and then a son. Lord Williams of Mostyn informed the House of Lords that the Queen had "no objection to the Government's view that in determining the line of succession to the throne, daughters and sons should be treated in the same way."[20] Australia In October 2011 the Australian federal government was reported to have reached an agreement with all of the states on potential changes to their laws in the wake of amendments to the Act of Settlement.[21] The practice of the Australian states—for example, New South Wales and Victoria[22][23] —has been, when legislating to repeal some imperial statutes so far as they still applied in Australia, to provide that imperial statutes concerning the royal succession remain in force. The legal process required at the federal level remains, theoretically, unclear. The Australian constitution, as was noted during the crisis of 1936, contains no power for the federal parliament to legislate with respect to the monarchy.[24] Everything thus turns upon the status and meaning of clause 2 in the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900, which provides: "The provisions of this Act referring to the Queen shall extend to Her Majesty's heirs and successors in the sovereignty of the United Kingdom."[25] Anne Twomey reviews three possible interpretations of the clause.[24] First: it "mandates that whoever is the sovereign of the United Kingdom is also, by virtue of this external fact, sovereign of Australia"; accordingly, changes to British succession laws would have no effect on Australian law,[dubious – discuss] but if the British amendment changed the sovereign, then the new sovereign of the United Kingdom would automatically become the new sovereign of Australia. Second, it is "merely an interpretative provision", operating to ensure that references to "the Queen" in the Constitution are references to whoever may at the time be the incumbent of the "sovereignty of the United Kingdom" as determined with regard to Australia, following the Australia Act 1986, by Australian law. Or, third, it incorporates the United Kingdom rules of succession into the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act, which itself can now be altered only by Australia, according to the Australia Act 1986; in that way, the British rules of succession have been patriated to Australia and, with regard to Australia, are subject to amendment or repeal solely by Australian law. However, Twomey expresses confidence that, if the High Court of Australia were to be faced with the problems of covering clause 2, it would find some way to conclude that, with regard to Australia, the clause is subject solely to Australian law.[26] Canadian scholar Richard Toporoski theorised in 1998 that "if, let us say, an alteration were to be made in the United Kingdom to the Act of Settlement 1701, providing for the succession of the Crown... [i]t is my opinion that the domestic constitutional law of Australia or Papua New Guinea, for example, would provide for the succession in those countries of the same person who became Sovereign of the United Kingdom."[5] In practice, when legislating for the Perth Agreement (see below), the Australian governments took the approach of the states requesting, and referring power to, the federal government to enact the legislation on behalf of the states (under paragraph 51(xxxviii) of the Australian Constitution) and the Commonwealth of Australia. Canada Part of a series on the Constitution of Canada Constitutional history Bill of Rights (1689) Act of Settlement (1701) Treaty of Paris (1763) Royal Proclamation (1763) Quebec Act (1774) Constitutional Act (1791) Act of Union (1840) Constitution Act (1867) Supreme Court Act (1875) Constitution Act (1886) British North America Acts (1867–1975) Statute of Westminster (1931) Succession to the Throne Act (1937) Letters Patent (1947) Canada Act (1982) Constitution Act, 1982 Succession to the Throne Act, 2013 Document list Amendments Unsuccessful amendments Constitutional law Constitutional debate Patriation Charter of Rights and Freedoms Canadian federalism Law of Canada Canadian Bill of Rights Implied bill of rights Canadian Human Rights Act Canada portal v t e See also: Monarchy of Canada § Succession and regency In Canada, where the Act of Settlement ( a court action that argued the Act of Settlement violated the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but, the case was dismissed by the court.[28] It found that, as the Act of Settlement is part of the Canadian constitution, the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as another part of the same constitution, does not have supremacy over it. Also, the court noted that, while Canada has the power to amend the line of succession to the Canadian throne, the Statute of Westminster stipulates that the agreement of the governments of the fifteen other Commonwealth realms that share the Crown would first have to be sought if Canada wished to continue its relationship with these countries. An appeal of the decision was dismissed on 16 March 2005.[29] Some commentators state that, as a result of this, any single provincial legislature could hinder any attempts to change this Act, and by extension, to the line of succession for the shared crown of all 16 Commonwealth realms.[30][31][32][33][34] Others contend that that is not the case, and changes to the succession instituted by an Act of the Parliament of Canada "[in accord] with the convention of symmetry that preserves the personal unity of the British and Dominion Crowns".[35] With the announcement in 2007 of the Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988. But St Andrews' place in the line of succession was significantly lower than Phillips'.) Criticism of the Act of Settlement due to the Phillips–Kelly marriage was muted when Autumn Kelly converted to Anglicanism shortly before her marriage, thus preserving her husband's place in the line of succession. United Kingdom See also: Succession to the British throne § Reform From time to time there has been debate over repealing the clause that prevents Roman Catholics, or those who marry one, from ascending to the British throne. Proponents of repeal argue that the clause is a bigoted anachronism; Buddhist, anyone, but not a Roman Catholic."[36] Opponents of repeal, such as Enoch Powell and Adrian Hilton, believe that it would lead to the disestablishment of the Church of England as the state religion if a Roman Catholic were to come to the throne. They also note that the monarch must swear to defend the faith and be a member of the Anglican Communion , but that a Roman Catholic monarch would, like all Roman Catholics, owe allegiance to the Pope. This would, according to opponents of repeal, amount to a loss of sovereignty for the Anglican Church. When in December 1978 there was media speculation that royal supremacy there is, as Saint Thomas More concluded, no reconciliation." Powell concluded that a Roman Catholic crown would be the destruction of the Church of England because "it would contradict the essential character of that church." He continued: When Thomas Hobbes wrote that "the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased Roman Empire sitting crowned upon the grave thereof", he was promulgating an enormously important truth. Authority in the Roman Church is the exertion of that imperium from which England in the 16th century finally and decisively declared its national independence as the alter imperium, the "other empire", of which Henry VIII declared "This realm of England is an empire" ... It would signal the beginning of the end of the British monarchy. It would portend the eventual surrender of everything that has made us, and keeps us still, a nation.[37] The Scottish Parliament unanimously passed a motion in 1999 calling for the complete removal of any discrimination linked to the monarchy and the repeal of the Act of Settlement.[38] The following year, The Guardian challenged the succession law in court,[39] claiming that it violated the European Convention on Human Rights, which provides, The enjoyment of the rights and freedoms set forth in this Convention shall be secured without discrimination on any ground such as sex, race, colour, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, association with a national minority, property, birth, or other status. As the Convention nowhere lists the right to succeed to the Crown as a human right, the challenge was rejected. House of Orange; and Belgium, which has a constitution that provides for the succession to be through Roman Catholic houses.[40] In December 2004, a private member's bill—the Succession to the Crown Bill—was introduced in the House of Lords. The government, headed by Tony Blair, blocked all attempts to revise the succession laws, claiming it would raise too many constitutional issues and it was unnecessary at the time. In the British general election the following year, Michael Howard promised to work towards having the prohibition removed if the Conservative Party gained a majority of seats in the House of Commons, but the election was won by Blair's Labour Party. Four years later, plans drawn up by Chris Bryant were revealed that would end the exclusion of Catholics from the throne and end the doctrine of male-preference primogeniture in favour of absolute primogeniture, which governs succession solely on birth order and not on sex.[41] The issue was raised again in January 2009, when a private member's bill to amend the Act of Succession was introduced in parliament. Across the realms Main article: Perth Agreement In early 2011 Prime Minister of Saint Lucia, said he supported the idea and it was reported that the government of New Zealand did, as well.[42] The Monarchist League of Canada said at the time to the media that it "supports amending the Act of Settlement in order to modernize the succession rules."[43] Later the same year, the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, that year's Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Perth, Australia.[46] Cameron reportedly also proposed removing the restriction on successors being or marrying Roman Catholics; however, potential Roman Catholic successors would be required to convert to Anglicanism prior to acceding to the throne. In reaction to the letter and media coverage, Harper stated that, this time, he was "supportive" of what he saw as "reasonable modernizations".[47] At the Duke of Cambridge were to have a daughter before a son.[21][51][52] The British group Republic asserted that succession reform would not make the monarchy any less discriminatory.[48] As it welcomed the gender equality reforms, the British newspaper The Guardian criticized the lack of a proposal to remove the ban on Catholics sitting on the throne,[53] as did Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland, who pointed out that "It is deeply disappointing that the reform [of the Act of Settlement of 1701] has stopped short of removing the unjustifiable barrier on a Catholic becoming monarch."[38] On the subject, Cameron asserted: "Let me be clear, the monarch must be in communion with the Church of England because he or she is the head of that Church."[38] The disqualification arising from marriage to a Roman Catholic was removed by the Succession to the Crown Act 2013.[54] See also Jacobitism List of British monarchs List of Canadian monarchs List of New Zealand monarchs List of Australian monarchs Royal Succession Bills and Acts Succession to the British throne Alternative successions of the English and British crown References Citations ^ Toffoli, Gary (9 February 2013), Is There a Canadian Law of Succession and Is There a Canadian Process of Amendment? (PDF), Canadian Royal Heritage Trust, pp. 3–4, archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2013, retrieved 12 February 2013 ISBN 9780802020468 . ^ Anne Twomey (18 September 2014). Professor Anne Twomey – Succession to the Crown: foiled by Canada? (Digital video). London: University College London. ^ "House of Lords Journal Volume 16: 12 June 1701 | British History Online". ^ a b Toporoski, Richard (1998). "The Invisible Crown". Monarchy Canada (Summer 1998). Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada. Archived from the original on 9 February 2008. Retrieved 16 May 2009. ^ "The Statute of Westminster 1931", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1931 c. 4 ^ Melville, Lewis (1908). The First George in Hanover and England. London: Isaac Pitman and Sons. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-0-300-19221-6 . ^ JSTOR 1451130 . BAILII . Retrieved 20 October 2011. ^ a b Naamani Tarkow 1943, pp. 537–561 at p. 547. ^ "The Chiltern Hundreds" (PDF). House of Commons Information Office. 1 June 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 October 2008. Retrieved 12 June 2008. ^ House of Lords Journal Volume 16: 22 May 1701, in https://www.british-history.ac.uk/lords-jrnl/vol16/pp698-699#h3-0009. Retrieved 1 October 2019. ^ Somerset 2012, p. 165. ^ Naamani Tarkow 1943, p. 537. ^ Naamani Tarkow 1943, p. 561. ^ "What do the new royal succession changes mean?". Royal Central. 26 March 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2015. ^ Brown, Andrew (18 September 2011). "Catholics hail Duchess of Kent's conversion". The Independent. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 12 March 2021. ^ "Article", The Times, 6 November 1995 ^ "Queen backs historic change to who may rule". BBC News. 27 February 1998. Retrieved 5 July 2011. ^ a b Coorey, Phillip (29 October 2011). "Leaders abandon rule on male heir succession". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ Elizabeth II (1969). "Imperial Acts Application Act 1969". Sydney: New South Wales Government Printer. Retrieved 30 October 2011. ^ Elizabeth II (1980). "Imperial Acts Act 1980". 6. Melbourne: Government Printer. Retrieved 30 October 2011. ^ a b Twomey, pp. 8–9 ^ Victoria (1901). "Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act 1900". 2. Westminster: Queen's Printer. Retrieved 31 October 2011. ^ Twomey, pp. 14–16 ^ a b Spector, Norman (30 August 2007). "Why Canada must take on Britain over the 1701 Act of Settlement". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 29 October 2011. O’Donohue v. Canada, 2003 CanLII 41404 (26 June 2003), Superior Court of Justice (Ontario, Canada) O'Donohue v. Canada, 2005 CanLII 6369 (16 March 2005) ^ "Changing the Rules of Succession and the Problem of the Realms". University College London. Retrieved 9 January 2012. ^ "A few thoughts on the monarchy". On procedure and politics. 27 April 2011. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2012. ^ "Royal Succession rules: view from the Realms". Constitution Unit Blog. 20 October 2011. Retrieved 9 January 2012. ^ Bowden, James; Philippe, Lagassé (6 December 2012), "Succeeding to the Canadian throne", Ottawa Citizen, archived from the original on 10 January 2013, retrieved 6 December 2012 ^ Vatican Insider, 23 January 2013 Archived 24 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2013-01-23 ISBN 978-1-4597-0988-1 . ^ "Let monarchy marry Catholics". BBC News Online. 2 June 2002. Retrieved 30 March 2010. ISBN 0-7538-0820-X . ^ a b c "Catholics still barred from throne despite law change". The Scotsman. 28 October 2011. Archived from the original on 30 May 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ Dyer, Clare (6 December 2000). "A Challenge to the Crown: now is the time for change". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 January 2010. ^ Hilton, Adrian (8 November 2003). "The price of liberty". The Spectator. Archived from the original on 4 June 2007. ^ Wintour, Patrick (25 September 2008). "End of the Anglican crown – 300 year bar to be lifted". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 September 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2008. ^ Cecil, Nicholas (8 March 2011). "St Lucia backs change to laws of succession". London Evening Standard. Archived from the original on 28 May 2011. Retrieved 14 March 2011. ^ Boswell, Randy (21 January 2011). "Brit asks Canada for help rewriting the rules of the Crown". Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 22 January 2011.[permanent dead link] ^ "Fresh bid to reform monarchy law". BBC News Online. 21 January 2009. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ "Royal succession reform is being discussed, Clegg says". BBC News Online. 16 April 2011. Retrieved 19 September 2011. ^ "David Cameron proposes changes to royal succession". BBC. 12 October 2011. Retrieved 14 October 2011. ^ Cheadle, Bruce (14 October 2011). "Harper 'supportive' of updating royal succession rules". Toronto Star. Retrieved 14 October 2011. ^ a b "Girls equal in British throne succession". BBC News Online. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Kennedy, Mark (29 October 2011). "Commonwealth leaders agree to change archaic succession rules". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 29 October 2011.[permanent dead link] ^ Office of the Prime Minister of Canada (28 October 2011). "PM welcomes proposal to amend rules governing the royal line of succession". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 30 October 2011. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ "Girls equal in British throne succession". BBC News. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 28 October 2011. ^ Watt, Nicholas (28 October 2011). "Royal succession gender equality approved by Commonwealth". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ Editorial Board (28 October 2011). "Royal succession: Queen and country". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 October 2011. ^ Succession to the Crown Act 2013, Explanatory Notes Notes short title was authorised by the Short Titles Act 1896, section 1 and first schedule. Due to the repeal of that provision it is now authorised by the Interpretation Act 1978 , section 19(2). The short title of this Act is unusual in that it does not contain the year in which it was passed. ^ The act received royal assent in 1701. However, it is formally dated as 1700 in official use, such as the listing for the act in the Chronological Table of the Statutes, because acts passed before the Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793 came into force are dated by the year in which the relevant parliamentary session began, which, in this case, was 6 February 1700 (OS) (6 February 1701 NS). ^ Her only younger sibling Gustavus Adolphus of the Palatinate had died as a 9-year-old boy in 1641 Bibliography Somerset, Anne (2012). Queen Anne; the Politics of Passion. Harper. ISBN 978-0007203765 . Naamani Tarkow, I. (December 1943). "The Significance of the Act of Settlement in the Evolution of English Democracy". JSTOR 2144947 . ISBN 1-84113-495-3 . SSRN 1943287 . External links Wikisource has original text related to this article: Act of Settlement 1701 Text of the Act of Settlement (1700) as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk. Text of the Act of Settlement as originally passed, The Statutes at Large: vol X: 1696/7–1703 (1764), pp. 357–60. Official text of the "Act of Settlement 1700" as currently in force in the Australian Capital Territory British Monarchy web page on the Act of Settlement "British Parliament Debates Change To The Act of Settlement of 1701". TheRoyalist.net. 21 February 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Image of original act from the Parliamentary Archives website Archived 8 November 2021 at the Wayback Machine "Settlement, Act of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 706–707. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Act_of_Settlement_1701&oldid=1214376991"