Action of 1 March 1968
Action of 1 March 1968 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of the Vietnam War | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
South Vietnam United States | North Vietnam | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
William H. Stewart | unknown | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Sea: 1 | 4 naval trawlers | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
none 4 cutters damaged |
~14 killed 2 naval trawlers sunk 1 naval trawler scuttled |
The action of 1 March 1968 was a co-ordinated attempt by four North Vietnamese trawlers to resupply the
Background
The United States Navy, South Vietnamese navy, and the U.S. Coast Guard, operating under the authority of the South Vietnamese government, established a blockade of South Vietnam designated Operation Market Time to prevent infiltrations of personnel, munitions and equipment by the North Vietnamese government. A twelve mile wide restricted zone existed along the entire South Vietnamese coast and ships assigned to Market Time had the authority to stop and search any vessel within the zone for contraband material and check the identity papers of any person on a detained vessel.[3][4][5]
Action
Action off Bo De River
The trawler designated in U.S. Navy records as An Xuyen Province Trawler (map reference #1) was first sighted on 28 February approximately 150 miles east southeast of
Action off Nha Trang
The trawler designated Khánh Hòa Province Trawler (map reference #2) was first sighted by Market Time aircraft on 29 February approximately 90 miles east northeast of
Action off Tha Cau River
Forty miles from Chu Lai and six miles off the coast, (map reference #3) USCGC Androscoggin intercepted a third trawler designated in U.S. Navy records as the Quảng Ngãi Province Trawler. Androscoggin signaled the trawler to identify itself at 0112 but there was no response so Androscoggin shot 5-inch star shells into the air to illuminate the trawler.[14] It was then that the trawler was positively identified as an SL class North Vietnamese trawler so the Androscoggin opened fire at 0120 with 5-inch high explosive naval gunfire and .50 caliber machine guns.[15] The trawler returned fire with a recoilless rifle, laid a smoke screen and turned into Androscoggin's direction but one of the cutter's shells hit the after starboard side, so the trawler turned reversed course and headed for the shore.[15][16] As a result of a civilian junk passing through the battle area the Market Time ships had to cease fire.[17] Two United States Army helicopters were directed to engage the trawler with rockets and miniguns at 0129 and after their attack a reduction in the amount of fire coming from the trawler was noticed.[15] At 0140 Point Grey, Point Welcome, PCF-18 and PCF-20 were ordered to take the trawler under fire with mortars and machine guns at close range because the trawler had moved too close to shore for Androscoggin to maneuver.[17][18] Point Welcome struck the trawler twice with 81-millimeter rounds.[15] The trawler then grounded 50 yards off the mouth of the Tha Cau River at 0210.[15] At 0220, the North Vietnamese tried to scuttle their ship and failed but a second attempt at 0235 succeeded in destroying the vessel in a 500-foot fireball.[19] The explosion caused some damage to the pilothouse of Point Welcome and the deck was littered with debris but no casualties were reported.[15]
Other action on 1 March
While on Market Time patrol duties on 1 March, USS Persistent discovered an abandoned junk at anchor 52 miles southeast of Da Nang. After a search of the area failed to locate persons in the water, the junk was boarded and items were found of a Communist Chinese origin including a Communist Chinese flag. The junk was hoisted on board Persistent and delivered to Da Nang for further inspection.[1]
Aftermath
The destruction of three of the four trawlers and the turning back of the fourth demonstrated that Operation Market Time was an effective net for the interception of supplies destined for resupply of the Viet Cong. Except for the 1 March trawlers and one other instance in the days after Tet 1968 no other trawlers were spotted between July 1967 and August 1969.[21] The North Vietnamese were forced to use the Ho Chi Minh trail through Laos or the neutral port of Sihanoukville in Cambodia to ship supplies to the Viet Cong. With the closing of the port at Sihanoukville to Communist shipping in August 1969, attempted North Vietnamese trawler traffic into South Vietnam resumed.[Note 1][22] Of 15 trawlers detected by Market Time assets from August 1969 to late 1970, one was sunk, 13 were turned back and only one got through.[21] In 1970, ten out of eleven trawlers were either sunk or were turned back.[21]
Notes
Footnotes
- ^ Cambodian Prince Norodom Sihanouk halted arms shipments through Cambodia in August 1969, effectively closing the port city of Sihanoukville to Communist shipping.[22]
Citations
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam (March 1968). "Monthly Historical Summary. March 1968". Naval Historical Center, U.S. Navy. pp. Appendix I. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Commander, Naval Forces Vietnam (February 1968). "Monthly Historical Summary. February 1968". Naval Historical Center, U.S. Navy. pp. 1–20. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
- ^ Cutler, p 81
- ^ Larzelere, pp 6–7
- ^ Scotti, p 18
- ^ Kelley, p 5-541
- ^ Tulich, p 8
- ^ a b Johnson, p 335
- ^ a b Larzelere, p 130
- ^ a b Cutler, p 131
- ^ Scotti, p 77
- ^ Kelley, p 5-359
- ^ Kelley, p 5-247
- ^ Larzelere, p 128
- ^ a b c d e f Larzelere, p 129
- ^ Scotti, p 75
- ^ a b Cutler, p 130
- ^ Johnson, p 336
- ^ Scotti, p 76
- ^ Kelley, p 5-430
- ^ a b c Summers, p 100
- ^ a b Scotti, p 54
This article incorporates public domain material from U.S. Navy, Naval History and Heritage Command's Operational Archives. United States Navy. Archived from the original on 26 December 2004.
References cited
- ISBN 978-1-55750-196-7.
- Johnson, Robert Irwin (1987). Guardians of the Sea, History of the United States Coast Guard, 1915 to the Present. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-0-87021-720-3.
- Kelley, Michael P. (2002). Where We Were in Vietnam. Hellgate Press, Central Point, Oregon. ISBN 978-1-55571-625-7.
- Larzelere, Alex (1997). The Coast Guard at War, Vietnam, 1965-1975. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis. ISBN 978-1-55750-529-3.
- Naval Historical Center, U.S. Navy. "Vietnam Operational Archives". U.S. Navy. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 16 November 2020.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - Scotti, Paul C. (2000). Coast Guard Action in Vietnam: Stories of Those Who Served. Hellgate Press, Central Point, Oregon. ISBN 978-1-55571-528-1.
- Summers, Harry G. Jr. (1995). Historical Atlas of the Vietnam War. Houghton Mifflin Co., New York. ISBN 978-0-395-72223-7.
- Tulich, Eugene N. (1975). "The United States Coast Guard in South East Asia During the Vietnam Conflict" (asp). Coast Guard Historical Monograph. 1. Retrieved 28 February 2012.