Adams River (British Columbia)
Adams River | |
---|---|
Monashee Range | |
• location | British Columbia, Canada |
Mouth | |
• location | Shuswap Lake, British Columbia, Canada |
Length | 177 km (110 mi)(includes Adams Lake) |
Basin size | 2,860 km2 (1,100 sq mi) |
Discharge | |
• location | Shuswap Lake[1] |
• minimum | 15 m3/s (530 cu ft/s) |
• maximum | 386–473 m3/s (13,600–16,700 cu ft/s) |
The Adams River is a tributary to the
Course
The headwaters of the Adams are several unnamed glaciers at roughly 2,000 metres (6,600 ft) elevation in the northern region of the
Adams Lake is roughly 72 kilometres (45 mi) along its north-south axis, and reaches a maximum depth of 457 metres (1,499 ft), making it the 24th deepest lake in the world.[3] The Lower Adams issues from the extreme southern end of the lake and travels 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) through a narrow valley. It empties into Shuswap Lake near the community of Squilax. From Adams Lake to the Shuswap, the Lower Adams drops 60 metres (200 ft) in elevation.[2]
Tributaries
Tributaries of the Upper Adams include:[2]
- Oliver Creek
- Dudgeon Creek
- Sunset Creek
- Fisher Creek
Adams Lake and the Lower Adams are fed by:[2]
- Cayenne Creek
- Sinmax Creek
- Momich River
- Hiuihill (Bear) Creek
- Nikwikwaia (Gold) Creek
History
Secwepemc
The
Ethnographer James Teit records that the people of the Adams River area formed a sub-group of the Secwepemc called the "Sxste'lln", now known as the Adams Lake Indian Band.[4] The Sxste'lln moved between summer and winter camps at the outlet of the lower river and the Little River area near Chase. The river's namesake, Chief Sel-howt-ken (baptized as Adam by Oblate missionaries) was a Sxste'lln leader in the 1860s.[5] Like more than 200 of his people, he died in the 1862 smallpox epidemic.[6]
Adams River Lumber Company
Although prospectors, surveyors, and trappers had travelled the region in the 1800s, the first large scale activity in the river valley by Europeans was logging. J.P. McGoldrick, an experienced lumberman from
A camp was built on the upper river and logging operations began at Tumtum Lake. The cut logs were run down the river, then towed in booms by the company owned sternwheeler Helen down Adams Lake. The logs then were run down the Lower river to the mill at Chase. In 1908, Adams River Logging constructed a "splash dam" at the outlet of the Lower Adams.[8] This dam allowed operators to raise the water level of Adams Lake. When sufficient logs had been collected above the dam, the gates were opened and the resulting flood carried the logs to Shuswap Lake. This proved to be destructive to the salmon run as it damaged the gravel beds the fish use to spawn.[8]
In order to move logs from the plateau above the Lower river, Adams River Lumber constructed several flumes. The flumes were elevated wooden troughs filled with water that floated logs down to the valley bottom. The largest of these was at Bear Creek. It incorporated trestles up to 25 metres (82 ft) high and was capable of moving 3,000,000 metres (9,800,000 ft) of logs per month.[7] It was the largest flume in North America at its peak.[4] The structures were dismantled after the areas became logged out.[7]
Although logging continues in the region, the Adams is no longer used for log transport.[9]
Ecology
Flora
Much of the ecology of the watershed has been affected by wildfires and forestry, and is considered to be in a
Fauna
Sockeye salmon
Adams River sockeye travel from their spawning grounds to the South
The
Dominant runs
The Adams River run occurs every year, but every fourth year (called a "dominant" year), the numbers are much higher. 2018 was the most recent dominant run. According to Canada's
Other fauna
The Adams River valley supports large populations of
The river's mouth has populations of
Protected areas
The Adams passes through the 5,733 hectare
See also
References
- ^ "Adams River background study" (PDF). bcparks.ca. March 31, 2006. Retrieved April 8, 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f Cal-Eco Consultants Ltd. (March 31, 2006). "Draft Nomination Document for the Adams River As a Canadian Heritage River". Prepared for the B.C. Ministry of Environment: 9.
- ^ "Lakes at a Glance: Deepest Lakes". World Lakes Network.
- ^ a b c d Cooperman, Jim (1989). Shuswap Chronicles:The History of Adams Lake. Celista, BC: North Shuswap Historical Society. pp. 4–7.
- ISBN 0-921235-20-8.
- ISBN 0-404-58123-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55017-189-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-9694947-0-6.
- ^ ISBN 0-921586-34-5.
- ^ a b c d e Yeomans, W.C. (1977). Adams River: A resource analysis. British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Resource Analysis Branch. pp. 14–16.
- ^ Chappell, Bill (October 26, 2010). "British Columbia Sees Largest Salmon Run In A Century, 34 Million Strong". National Public Radio (United States). Archived from the original on November 6, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2010.
- ^ "2010 Late Run Sockeye Salmon Preliminary Escapement Estimates" (PDF). Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada.
- ^ Ebner, David; Stueck, Wendy (August 28, 2010). "B.C. sockeye salmon bounty estimate upped to 30 million". Globe and Mail. Canada. Archived from the original on October 29, 2010. Retrieved October 8, 2010.
- ^ "Upper Adams River Provincial Park". British Columbia Ministry of Environment. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
- ^ BCGNIS. Retrieved February 3, 2011.
- ^ Koopmans, Robert (November 6, 2010). "Run likely record year for Adams sockeye". Kamloops Daily News. Kamloops, British Columbia. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved November 14, 2010.