Adar
Adar | |
---|---|
Jewish people in the ancient Achaemenid Empire 474 BCE | |
Native name | אֲדָר (Hebrew) |
Calendar | Hebrew calendar |
Month number | 12 |
Number of days | 29 (30 Adar I and 29 Adar II in leap years) |
Season | Winter (Northern Hemisphere) |
Gregorian equivalent | February–March |
Significant days | |
Adar (Hebrew: אֲדָר, Standard ʾAdār; from Akkadian adaru) is the sixth month of the civil year and the twelfth month of the religious year on the Hebrew calendar, roughly corresponding to the month of March in the Gregorian calendar. It is a month of 29 days.
Names and leap years
The month's name, like all the others from the Hebrew calendar, was adopted during the Babylonian captivity. In the Babylonian calendar the name was Araḫ Addaru or Adār ('Month of Adar').
In
Sources disagree as to which of the two Adar months is the "real" Adar, and which is the added leap month.[1]
Customs
During the Second Temple period, there was a Jewish custom to make a public proclamation on the first day of the lunar month Adar, reminding the people that they are to prepare their annual monetary offering to the Temple treasury, known as the half-Shekel.[2]
Based on a line in the
Holidays
- 7 Adar (II in leap years) – 7th of Adar – some fast on this day in memory of the death of Moses
- 13 Adar (II in leap years) – Fast of Esther – on 11 Adar when the 13th falls on Shabbat – (Fast Day)
- 14 Adar (II in leap years) – Purim
- 14 Adar I (does not exist in non-leap years; Karaites celebrate in Adar II) – Purim Katan
- 15 Adar (II in leap years) – Shushan Purim – celebration of Purim in walled cities existing during the time of Joshua
- 17 Adar (II in leap years) – Yom Adar celebration feast[citation needed]
In Jewish history
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2020) |
- 1 Adar (ninth plague upon the Egyptians (Exodus 10:23). This started on the 1st of Adar, six weeks before the Exodus.[citation needed]
- 1 Adar [II] (1167/4 CE) – Death of the Ibn Ezra
- 1 Adar (Shach
- 2 Adar (598
- 2 Adar (1941 CE) - Death of Rabbi Yaakov Yehezkiya Greenwald of Pupa
- 3 Adar (515 BCE) – Second Templecompleted
- 4 Adar (1307) – Maharam's body ransomed 14 years after his death by Alexander ben Shlomo (Susskind) Wimpfen.
- 4 Adar (1796) – Death of tzaddikim.
- 4 Adar [II] (1992 CE) Death of Menachem Begin
- 5 Adar (1st century CE) – Lulianos and Paphos voluntarily gave themselves up to be killed, in order to save innocent Jewish lives in Laodicea.[4]
- 7 Adar (1393 BCE) – Birth of Moses
- 7 Adar (1273 BCE) – Death of Moses
- 7 Adar (1828) – Death of Rebbe Isaac Taub of Kalov, founder of the Kalover Hasidic dynasty, and a student of Rabbi Leib Sarah's.
- 9 Adar (1st century Beit Shammai, erupted into a violent and destructive conflict over a vote on 18 legal matters leading to the death of 3,000 students. The day was later declared a fast day by the Shulchan Aruch, however, it was never observed as such.
- 11 Adar (18th century) – Death of Reb Eliezer Lipman (Elezer Lippe), father of the prominent Chassidic Rebbes Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk and Rabbi Zusha of Hanipol.
- 13 Adar (474 Persia (Book of Esther, chapter 9).
- 13 Adar (161 Nicanor at the Battle of Adasa during the Maccabean Revolt.
- 13 Adar (1895–1986) – Death of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
- 14 Adar (474 BCE) – Purimvictory celebrated in the Persian Empire
- 15 Adar (474 Shushan
- 15 Adar (1st century ; the day used to be celebrated as a holiday.
- 17 Adar (522 BCE) – Yom Adar – the day the Jewish people left Persia following the Purim story[citation needed]
- 18 Adar [1953] - Death of Doctors' Plot
- 20 Adar (1st century 23a)
- 20 Adar (1616 CE) – 'Purim Vinz': downfall of Vincenz Fettmilch and triumphant return of the Jews of Frankfurt under Imperial protection. The day was established as a community Purim for generations and to this day the Washington Heights community does not recite Tachanun on this day.[5]
- 20 Adar (1640) – Death of the "Bach"
- 21 Adar (Adar II, 1786) – Death of Rabbi Elimelech of Lizhensk
- 23 Adar (Mishkanassembled for the first time; "Seven Days of Training" begin.
- 23 Adar (1866) – Death of Yitzchak Meir Alter, first Rebbe of Ger
- 24 Adar (1817) – The Czar Alexander I. Nevertheless, nearly a hundred years later the accusation was officially leveled against Mendel Beilis in Kyiv.
- 25 Adar (561 BCE) – Death of Nebuchadnezzar (Jeremiah52:31).
- 25 Adar (1761) – Death of Rabbi Abraham Gershon of Kitov the brother-in-law and leading foe-turned-disciple of the Baal Shem Tov.[6]
- 27 Adar (561 , Nebuchadnezzar's son and successor, freed him (and his nephew Jeconiah) on the 27th of Adar, but Zedekiah died that same day.
- 28 Adar (from the 2nd century onwards) – Rosh Hashanah19a)
- 28 Adar (1524) – the Jews of Cairo were saved from the plot of Ahmad Pasha, who sought revenge against the Jewish minister Abraham de Castro who had informed Selim II of Ahmad's plan to cede from the Ottoman Empire. To this day, Adar 28th is considered the Purim of Cairo, with festivities including a special Megilah reading.
See also
- Adar Gandelsman – Miss Universe Israel 2017
- Adar or Ada is Sindarin for "father".
- Azar or Adhar (Arabic: آذار) is the name for the month of March in the Levant.
- Arabic names of calendar months
- Jewish astrology
References
- ^ Which is the true Adar?
- ^ Mishnah Shekalim 1:1
- ^ No 24 WA21946, The Babylonian Chronicles, The British Museum
- Scroll of Fastingplaces this event on the 12th day of the lunar month Adar.
- ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Frankfort-on-the-Main".
- Six-day War.