Addilal

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Coordinates: 13°41′N 39°19′E / 13.683°N 39.317°E / 13.683; 39.317
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Addilal
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Addilal is a tabia or municipality in the

Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Addilal village, located approximately 19 km (12 mi) to the east of the woreda town Hagere Selam
.

Geography

The tabia stretches down from the

Dogu'a Tembien towards Suluh river. The highest place is the top of the Amba Aradam Sandstone
cliff high above Addilal village (2600 m a.s.l.) and the lowest place the junction of Suluh and Ch'eqofo Rivers (1830 m a.s.l.).

Geology

From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present:[1]

Geomorphology and soils

The main

geomorphic unit is the incised Giba plateau (upstream of future Lake Giba). Corresponding soil types are:[5]
See also: Soil in Dogu'a Tembien

Climate

The rainfall pattern shows a very high seasonality with 70 to 80% of the annual rain falling in July and August. Mean temperature in Ch'eqofo (a central place in the tabia at 2120 metres above sea level) is 21 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 11.9 °C and maximum of 29.7 °C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts.[6]

Water availability

As there are no permanent rivers besides Suluh, the presence of springs is of utmost importance for the local people. The main springs in the tabia are May Cheqofo in Addi Gedged and May Gura'ira'i in Haddinnet.[7] In this area with rains that last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season. There are traditional surface water harvesting ponds, particularly in places without permanent springs, called rahaya. In addition, horoyo, household ponds, recently constructed with variable success through campaigns.[8]

Vegetation and exclosures

The tabia holds several

carbon offset programme.[18] The revenues are then reinvested in the villages, according to the priorities of the communities;[19] it may be for an additional class in the village school, a water pond, or conservation in the exclosures. Addilal (exclosure), near the tabia centre (144.81 ha) is managed by the Ethiotrees project.[20]

Settlements

The tabia centre Addilal holds a few administrative offices, a health post, a primary school, and some small shops. There are a few more primary schools across the tabia. The main other populated places are:[21]

  • Addi Gedged
  • Hutsa
  • Ch'eqofo
  • Dagiyergis

Agriculture and livelihood

The population lives essentially from crop farming, supplemented with off-season work in nearby towns. The land is dominated by

agricultural system is a permanent upland farming system.[22] The farmers have adapted their cropping systems to the spatio-temporal variability in rainfall.[23]
Extensive areas with steep slopes have been protected and there is strong vegetation regrowth.

History and culture

History

The history of the tabia is strongly confounded with the

history of Tembien
.

Religion and churches

Most inhabitants are Orthodox Christians. Among others, the following churches are located in the tabia: Giyergis and Addilal Maryam.

Inda Siwa, the local beer houses

In the main villages, there are traditional beer houses (Inda Siwa), often in unique settings, which are a good place for resting and chatting with the local people. The most renown are in the tabia's main village Addilal: Tekle Berhe, Nigisti Teka and Mulubrhan Kindeya.[7]

Roads and communication

The main road Mekelle – Hagere Selam – Abiy Addi runs 5–10 km south of the tabia. Further, a rural access road links Addilal village to the main asphalt road. Inhabitants need to walk long distances on foot to get transportation service.

Tourism

Its mountainous nature and proximity to Mekelle makes the tabia fit for tourism, yet its potential is largely unexplored.[24]

Two trekking routes cross the southern part of this tabia.[25] The tracks are not marked on the ground but can be followed using downloaded .GPX files.[26]

  • Trek 23, from the three olive trees ("Mi'iraf Janhoy" at 1940 metres above sea level in Addi Azmera), across Addilal, and further up towards Ekli Imba the peak of the Medayq massif that dominates the landscape at the north (2799 m)
  • Trek 24, from the main bridge on Giba River, through Emni Ankelalu to Addilal village

Facilities are very basic.[27] One may be invited to spend the night in a rural homestead or ask permission to pitch a tent. Hotels are available in Hagere Selam and Mekelle.

References

  1. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  2. ^ Bosellini, A.; Russo, A.; Fantozzi, P.; Assefa, G.; Tadesse, S. (1997). "The Mesozoic succession of the Mekelle Outlier (Tigrai Province, Ethiopia)". Mem. Sci. Geol. 49: 95–116.
  3. ^ Tefera, M.; Chernet, T.; Haro, W. Geological Map of Ethiopia (1:2,000,000). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Ethiopian Institute of Geological Survey.
  4. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013
    .
  5. PMID 31639144
    .
  6. S2CID 199105560
    .
  7. ^ a b What do we hear from the farmers in Dogu'a Tembien? [in Tigrinya]. Hagere Selam, Ethiopia. 2016. p. 100.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. S2CID 154026513
    – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
  9. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.006
    .
  10. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  11. ^ Mastewal Yami, and colleagues (2007). "Impact of Area Enclosures on Density and Diversity of Large Wild Mammals: The Case of May Ba'ati, Douga Tembien Woreda, Central Tigray, Ethiopia". East African Journal of Sciences. 1: 1–14.
  12. S2CID 37489450
    .
  13. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027
    .
  14. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0176
    .
  15. ^ Bedru Babulo, and colleagues (2006). "Economic valuation methods of forest rehabilitation in exclosures". Journal of the Drylands. 1: 165–170.
  16. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  17. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  18. ^ "EthioTrees – Ethiopia". Plan Vivo Foundation. 11 June 2020.
  19. ^ International, Davines. "EthioTrees". Davines International.
  20. ^ De Deyn, Jonathan (2019). Benefits of reforestation on Carbon storage and water infiltration in the context of climate mitigation in North Ethiopia. Master thesis, Ghent University, Belgium.
  21. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  22. ^ Naudts, J (2002). Les Hautes Terres de Tembien, Tigré, Ethiopie; Résistance et limites d'une ancienne civilisation agraire; Conséquences sur la dégradation des terres [MSc dissertation]. CNEARC, Montpellier, France.
  23. S2CID 95207289
    .
  24. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  25. S2CID 199271514
    .
  26. ^ "Public GPS Traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl". OpenStreetMap.
  27. S2CID 199198251
    .
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