Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg

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Adolphe
Prime Minister
Paul Eyschen
Duke of Nassau
Reign20 August 1839 – 20 September 1866
PredecessorWilliam
SuccessorNassau annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
Born(1817-07-24)24 July 1817
Biebrich Palace, Wiesbaden, Duchy of Nassau
Died17 November 1905(1905-11-17) (aged 88)
Schloss Hohenburg, Lenggries, Kingdom of Bavaria, German Empire
Burial
Schlosskirche of Schloss Weilburg
(since 1953)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1844; died 1845)​
​
​
(m. 1851)​
Wilhelm, Duke of Nassau
MotherPrincess Louise of Saxe-Hildburghausen
ReligionProtestantism
SignatureAdolphe's signature

Adolphe (Adolf Wilhelm August Karl Friedrich; 24 July 1817 – 17 November 1905) was

Duke of Nassau from 20 August 1839 to 20 September 1866, when the Duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia
.

Adolphe became

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg became independent but remained in personal union with the Netherlands. Following the death of his sons, the Dutch king William III had no male heirs to succeed him. In the Netherlands, females were allowed to succeed to the throne. Luxembourg, however, followed Salic law which barred females from succession. Thus, upon King William III's death, the crown of the Netherlands passed to his only daughter, Wilhelmina, while that of Luxembourg passed to Adolphe in accordance with the Nassau Family Pact. Adolphe died in 1905 and was succeeded by his son, William IV
.

Biography

He was a son of

Oscar II of Sweden
.

Duke of Nassau

Adolphe of Nassau when he was Duke of Nassau 1860

Adolphe became

Stadtschloss in 1841. On 4 March 1848 he consented to the population of Nassau's nine "Demands of the Nassauers". A few years later, however, he revoked his liberal views and took a strongly conservative and reactionary course. In general, though, he was seen as a popular ruler. He supported the Austrian Empire in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. After Austria's defeat, Nassau was annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia
and he lost his throne on 20 September 1866.

Grand Duke of Luxembourg

In 1879, Adolphe's niece

Salic Law. The Grand Duchy, which had been linked to the Netherlands in personal union since 1815, passed to Adolphe in accordance with the Nassau Family Pact. Adolphe was King-Grand Duke William III's 17th cousin once removed through a male-only line, but was also his 3rd cousin as they both descended from William IV, Prince of Orange (he being the paternal great-grandson of William IV's eldest daughter Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau
.) He had, in fact, taken over the regency of Luxembourg for a short time during William III's illness.

Adolphe was already 73 years old by this time and knew little of Luxembourgish politics. He mostly abstained from day-to-day governing; Prime Minister Paul Eyschen, in office since 1888, took care of the affairs of state. This established a convention that the monarch would remain absent from the politics of the day, despite being vested with considerable reserve powers on paper. In 1902 Adolphe appointed his son William as Lieutenant-Representative. He died in 1905 at his summer home, Schloss Hohenburg in Lenggries, and in 1953 was buried in the crypt of the church of Schloss Weilburg.

Personal life

On 31 January 1844, Adolphe married firstly in

Church of Saint Elizabeth
1847 to 1855 as her funeral church.

On 23 April 1851, he remarried in

Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau
. They had five children, of whom only two lived to the age of eighteen and became prince and princess of Luxembourg:

In 1892, Grand Duke Adolphe conferred the personal title of

Oscar, who had lost his Swedish titles after marrying without his father's approval. Wisborg (also spelled Visborg) is the ruins of an old castle in the city of Visby
within Oscar's former Dukedom of Gotland, but the title itself was created in the nobility of Luxembourg.

Adelsverein

On April 20, 1842, the

Biebrich on the Rhine. He was named the Protector of the organisation. The Verein was responsible for the large emigration of Germans to Texas in the 19th century, and on January 9, 1843, established the 4,428 acre Nassau Plantation in Fayette County, Texas and named it after the Grand Duke.[3][4]

Honours

Arms

  • Coat of arms of Adolphe, 1890 - 1898
    Coat of arms of Adolphe, 1890 - 1898
  • Coat of arms of Adolphe and Grand Duke of Luxembourg in general, 1898 - 2000
    Coat of arms of Adolphe and Grand Duke of Luxembourg in general, 1898 - 2000

References

  1. ^ "Full name". Archived from the original on 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
  2. ISBN 9789100111120
    p. 62, specifically naming both the noble titles as created then
  3. ISBN 978-0-292-73656-6
    .
  4. ^ Garrett, Daphne Dalton. "Nassau Farm". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Archived from the original on 30 November 2010. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
  5. ^ Staatshandbücher für das Herzogtum Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha (1843), "Herzogliche Sachsen-Ernestinischer Hausorden" p. 6
  6. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Baden (1841), "Großherzogliche Orden" pp. 29, 44
  7. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreichs Bayern (in German). Königl. Oberpostamt. 1867. p. 8. Retrieved 2019-07-15.
  8. ^ Staat Hannover (1861). Hof- und Staatshandbuch für das Königreich Hannover: 1861. Berenberg. pp. 37, 70.
  9. ISBN 978-87-7674-434-2
    .
  10. ^ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm III. ernannte Ritter" p. 21
  11. ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 10
  13. ^ Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach (1846), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 9
  14. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Königreich Württemberg (1907), "Königliche Orden" p. 27
  15. ^ Hof- und Staatshandbuch des Großherzogtums Oldenburg: für das Jahr 1872/73, "Der Großherzogliche Haus-und Verdienst Orden" p. 30
  16. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Großherzogtum Hessen (1879), "Großherzogliche Orden und Ehrenzeichen" p. 44
  17. ^ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch für des Herzogtum Anhalt (1867), "Herzoglicher Haus-Orden Albrecht des Bären" p. 17
  18. ^ Sveriges och Norges statskalender. Liberförlag. 1874. p. 468.
  19. ^ Norges Statskalender (in Norwegian), 1890, pp. 593–594, retrieved 2018-01-06 – via runeberg.org
  20. ^ Sachsen (1866). Staatshandbuch für den Freistaat Sachsen: 1865/66. Heinrich. p. 4.
  21. ^ Staats- und Adreß-Handbuch des Herzogthums Nassau: 1859. Schellenberg. 1859. pp. 7, 9.
  22. ^ "Liste des Membres de l'Ordre de Léopold", Almanach Royal Officiel (in French), 1863, p. 51 – via Archives de Bruxelles

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.
Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
Cadet branch of the House of Nassau
Born: 24 July 1817 Died: 17 November 1905
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Duke of Nassau

1839–1866 		Annexation by Prussia
Preceded by
Grand Duke of Luxembourg

1890–1905 		Succeeded by
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