Adverse outcome pathway
An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) is structured representation of biological events leading to adverse effects and is considered relevant to risk assessment.[1][2][3] The AOP links in a linear way existing knowledge along one or more series of causally connected key events (KE) between two points — a molecular initiating event (MIE) and an adverse outcome (AO) that occur at a level of biological organization relevant to risk assessment.[2] The linkage between the events is described by key event relationships (KER) that describe the causal relationships between the key events.
AOPs are important for expanding the use of mechanistic toxicological data for risk assessment and regulatory applications with recent applications in further disciplines such as climate science.[2][4][5][6]
Background
In 2012, the
The AOP-KB is a combination of individually developed applications, synchronised and orchestrated in a way that gives users the possibility to capture, review, browse and comment on AOPs shared by the AOP stakeholder community.
The AOP-KB project is an
The AOP has also been recently applied to better understand the effects of climate related stressors, further expanding the potential of AOPs to other scientific disciplines [6]
More recent developments have focused on the analysis of AOP networks[9] and the quantification of KERs with a view to developing mathematical models of AOPs, sometimes referred to as quantitative AOPs.[10]
Scientific workshops held for advancing the concept of AOP:
- 2013
- January 23–25, Baltimore, USA Building Shared Experience to Advance Practical Application of Pathway-Based Toxicology:Liver Toxicity Mode-of-Action[11]
- 2014
- March 2–7, Somma Lombardo, Italy Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications [12]
- August 24, Prague, Czech Republic AOPs 101: The How and Why of Development and Use [13]
- September 3–5, Bethesda, USA Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation workshop held by NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) and the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine. Materials from the workshop, including links to the plenary session videocasts and summaries of the breakout group discussions, are available on the NTP website[14]
References
- ISBN 978-0-309-15173-3.
- ^ S2CID 26011816.
- ^ a b "Adverse Outcome Pathways, Molecular Screening and Toxicogenomics". OECD.
- S2CID 40565681.
- ISBN 978-1-84973-209-3. Archived from the originalon 2014-11-29. Retrieved 2014-09-16.
- ^ .
- ^ "The Development of AOPs" (PDF). oecd.org. OECD.
- ^ "Adverse Outcome Pathway Knowledge Base (AOP-KB)".
- S2CID 201283568.
- PMID 35211660.
- PMID 24535319.
- ^ Advancing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOP) for Integrated Toxicology and Regulatory Applications. Workshop. Somma Lombardo, Italy. March 2014. Archived from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.
- ^ "AOPs 101: The How and Why of Development and Use". Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ "Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation". NTP. Retrieved 16 September 2014.