Aeschines

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Aeschines
Marble bust of Aeschines found in Heraclea Lyncestis, North Macedonia, now in the British Museum
Born	389 BC Athens
Died	314 BC (aged 74–75) Samos

Aeschines (

Although it is known he was born in Athens, the records regarding his parentage and early life are conflicting; but it seems probable that his parents, though poor, were respectable. Aeschines' father was Atrometus, an elementary school teacher of letters. His mother Glaukothea assisted in the religious rites of initiation for the poor. After assisting his father in his school, he tried his hand at acting with indifferent success, served with distinction in the army, and held several clerkships, amongst them the office of clerk to the Boule.^[1] Among the campaigns that Aeschines participated in were Phlius in the Peloponnese (368 BC), Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), and Phokion's campaign in Euboea (349 BC). The fall of Olynthus (348 BC) brought Aeschines into the political arena, and he was sent on an embassy to rouse the Peloponnese against Philip II of Macedon.^[1]

In spring of 347 BC, Aeschines addressed the assembly of Ten Thousand in

In 343 BC the attack on Aeschines was renewed by Demosthenes in his speech On the False Embassy. Aeschines replied in a speech with the same title and was again acquitted. In 339 BC, as one of the Athenian deputies (pylagorae) in the

Fourth Sacred War.^[1]

By way of revenge, Aeschines endeavoured to fix the blame for these disasters upon Demosthenes. In 336 BC, when Ctesiphon proposed that his friend Demosthenes should be rewarded with a golden crown for his distinguished services to the state, Aeschines accused him of having violated the law in bringing forward the motion. The matter remained in abeyance till 330 BC, when the two rivals delivered their speeches Against Ctesiphon and On the Crown. The result was a complete and overwhelming victory for Demosthenes.^[1]

Aeschines went into voluntary exile at

Hercher, Epistolographi Graeci) are not genuine.^[1]

Bibliography

Three of Aeschines speeches have survived:

• Against Timarchus
• On the False Embassy
• Against Ctesiphon (κατὰ Κτησιφῶντος)

Editions

• Gustav Eduard Benseler [de] (1855–1860) (trans. and notes)
• Andreas Weidner (1872)
• Teubner
  , 1896)
• Evelyn S. Shuckburgh
  (1890).
• The Speeches of Aeschines. Translated by Charles Darwin Adams. Loeb Classical Library 106. Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1919. Available at archive.org
• Teubner ed. of Orationes: 1997, edited Mervin R. Dilts.
  ISBN 3-8154-1009-6
• Aeschines. Translated by
  ISBN 0-292-71222-7

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e f}  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aeschines". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 271. This references:
   • Rudolf Hirzel, Der Dialog. i. 129–140
   • Theodor Gomperz, Greek Thinkers, vol. iii. p. 342 (Eng. trans. G. G. Berry, London, 1905)
2. ISBN 1-56619-519-5
   .
3. ^ Nick Fisher, Aeschines: Against Timarchos, "Introduction," p. 22 n. 71; Oxford University Press, 2001
4. ^ Nick Fisher, Aeschines: Against Timarchos, "Introduction," p. 22 n. 71, passim; Oxford University Press, 2001

Sources

Primary sources

• Demosthenes, De Corona and De Falsa Legatione
• Aeschines, De Falsa Legatione and In Ctesiphontem
• Lives by Plutarch, Philostratus and Libanius
• Exegesis by Apollonius

Secondary sources

• Stechow, Aeschinis Oratoris vita (1841)
• Marchand, Charakteristik des Redners Aschines (1876)
• Castets, Eschine, l'Orateur (1875)
• For the political problems see histories of Greece, esp. A. Holm, vol. iii (Eng. trans., 1896); A. Schafer, Demosth. und seine Zeit (Leipzig, 1856–1858).
• On Timarchos see "Aechines" in Encyclopedia of Homosexuality. Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.), Garland Publishing, 1990. pp. 15–16.

External links

Wikiquote has quotations related to Aeschines.

Wikisource has original works by or about:
Aeschines

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aeschines.

• Works by or about Aeschines at Internet Archive
• Works by Aeschines at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Livius, Aeschines by Jona Lendering
• Against Timarchus at the
  Perseus Project
• On the Embassy at the Perseus Project
• Against Ctesiphon at the Perseus Project
• Life of Aeschines - attributed to Plutarch