Aethra (mother of Theseus)

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For other uses, see
Aethra (Greek mythology).
Aethra
Princess of Troezen
Member of the Troezenian Royal Family
Theseus and Aethra
by Laurent de La Hire (1606-1656)
Other namesPittheis
AbodeTroezen, then Athens, Sparta and Troy
Personal information
ParentsPittheus
SiblingsHenioche
Consort(i) Poseidon
(ii) Aegeus
(iii) Hippalces
Children(i) & (ii) Theseus
(iii) Clymene

In

Ancient Greek: Αἴθρα, pronounced [ǎi̯tʰra], the "bright sky")[2] was a Troezenian princess and the daughter of King Pittheus
.

Family

Aithra was the mother of Theseus (his father was King Aegeus of Athens, or in some versions, Poseidon) and of Clymene (by Hippalces).[3][4] Aethra was also called Pittheis after her father Pittheus.[5]

Mythology

Early life

Bellerophon came to Troezen to ask Aethra's father, Pittheus, for the maiden's hand in marriage, but the hero was banished from Corinth before the nuptials took place.[6]

kylix, 470–460 BC, Staatliche Antikensammlungen
.

King Aegeus who was childless with his previous marriages went to Troezen, a city southwest of Athens that had as its patrons

Sphairia that lay close to Troezen's shore. There she poured a libation to Sphairos, Pelops' charioteer, and laid with Poseidon in the night. Aethra was therefore impregnated by both Aegeus[7] and Poseidon[8] in the process. According to Plutarch, her father spread this report merely that Theseus might be regarded as the son of Poseidon, who was much revered at Troezen.[9]

Aethra, later on dedicated in the island of Sphairia a temple to Athena Apaturia (the Deceitful), and called the island Hiera instead of Sphaeria, and also introduced among the maidens of Troezen the custom of dedicating their girdles to Athena Apaturia on the day of their marriage.[10] At a later time, when Aethra was thus doubly pregnant, Aegeus decided to go back to Athens. Before leaving, he covered his sandals, shield and sword under a huge rock, that served as a primitive altar to Strong Zeus, and told her that when their son would grow up, he should move the rock and bring his weapons back. Aethra did as she was told, and Theseus, recovering the weapons that were his birthright, grew to be a great hero, killing the Minotaur, among other adventures.

Later adventures

Later, when Theseus kidnapped

Dioscuri, took Helen back and kidnapped Aethra to Lacedaemon in revenge. There she became a slave of Helen with whom she went to Troy and remained there until found by her grandson, Acamas.[11] At the taking of Troy she came to the camp of the Greeks, where she was recognised by her grandsons, and Demophon, one of them, asked Agamemnon to procure her liberation. Agamemnon accordingly sent a messenger to Helen to request her to give up Aethra. This was granted, and Aethra became free again.[12] According to Hyginus, she afterwards put an end to her own life from grief at the death of her sons.[13] The history of her bondage to Helen was represented on the celebrated chest of Cypselus,[14] and in a painting by Polygnotus in the Lesche of Delphi.[15]

Gallery

In popular culture

With significant alterations to the character, a version of this Aethra appears (as "Aithra"), a sorceress and concubine of Poseidon, in Richard Strauss's famous opera Die ägyptische Helena (The Egyptian Helen).

Notes

  1. ^ Zimmerman, J. E. (1964). Dictionary of Classical Mythology. New York: Harper & Row. p. 10.
  2. ^ Robert Graves, The Greek Myths, (1955; 1960) index, s.v. "Aethra".
  3. ^ Scholia on Homer, Iliad 3.144; Dictys Cretensis, 6.2
  4. ISBN 9780874365818
    .
  5. ^ Ovid, Heroides 10.31
  6. ^ Pausanias, 2.31.12
  7. ^ Plutarch, Theseus 3; Hyginus, Fabulae 14
  8. ^ Apollodorus, 3.15.7; Hyginus, Fabulae 37; Bacchylides, Dithyrambs 3.34
  9. ^ Plutarch, Theseus 6
  10. ^ Pausanias, 2.33.11
  11. ^ Plutarch, Theseus 34; Homer, Iliad 3.144; Dio Chrysostom, Speeches 11.59[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ Pausanias, 10.25.3; Dictys Cretensis, 5.13
  13. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae 243
  14. ^ Pausanias, 4.19.1; Dion Chrysostom, Orations 11
  15. ^ Pausanias, 10.25.2

References

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