Demographics of Africa
Demographics of Africa | |
---|---|
Density | 44 per sq km (2019 est.) |
Growth rate | 2.5% per annum (2017 est.) |
Map of Africa indicating Human Development Index (2021). | ||
|
The population of
Population
Genetics
History
Alternative Estimates of African Population, 0–2018 AD (in thousands)
Source: Maddison and others. (University of Groningen).[6]
Year[6] | 0 | 1000 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1820 | 1870 | 1913 | 1950 | 1973 | 1998 | 2018 | 2100 (projected) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | 16 500 | 33 000 | 46 000 | 55 000 | 61 000 | 74 208 | 90 466 | 124 697 | 228 342 | 387 645 | 759 954 | 1 321 000[7] | 3 924 421[8] |
World | 230 820 | 268 273 | 437 818 | 555 828 | 603 410 | 1 041 092 | 1 270 014 | 1 791 020 | 2 524 531 | 3 913 482 | 5 907 680 | 7 500 000[9] | 10 349 323[8] |
Source: Maddison and others (University of Groningen) and others.[6]
Year[6] | 0 | 1000 | 1500 | 1600 | 1700 | 1820 | 1870 | 1913 | 1950 | 1973 | 1998 | 2020 | 2100 (projected) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | 7.1 | 12.3 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 10.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 9.9 | 12.9 | 18.2[7] | 39.4[10] |
Vital Statistics 1950–2021AD
Registration of vital events in most of Africa is incomplete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations.[11]
Mid-year population (thousands) | Live births (thousands) | Deaths (thousands) | Natural change (thousands) | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Crude migration change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1950 | 227 549 | 10 949 | 6 063 | 4 886 | 48.1 | 26.6 | 21.5 | 0.2 | 6.59 | 186.6 | 37.62 |
1951 | 232 484 | 11 200 | 6 132 | 5 068 | 48.2 | 26.4 | 21.8 | 0.1 | 6.59 | 184.5 | 37.93 |
1952 | 237 586 | 11 448 | 6 155 | 5 293 | 48.2 | 25.9 | 22.3 | -0.2 | 6.60 | 181.3 | 38.44 |
1953 | 242 837 | 11 708 | 6 188 | 5 520 | 48.2 | 25.5 | 22.7 | -0.4 | 6.61 | 178.0 | 38.92 |
1954 | 248 245 | 11 941 | 6 234 | 5 708 | 48.1 | 25.1 | 23.0 | -0.4 | 6.61 | 174.7 | 39.30 |
1955 | 253 848 | 12 190 | 6 258 | 5 933 | 48.0 | 24.6 | 23.4 | -0.6 | 6.62 | 171.5 | 39.80 |
1956 | 259 631 | 12 453 | 6 312 | 6 141 | 47.9 | 24.3 | 23.6 | -0.9 | 6.63 | 168.9 | 40.17 |
1957 | 265 515 | 12 717 | 6 490 | 6 227 | 47.9 | 24.4 | 23.4 | -1.1 | 6.64 | 169.1 | 40.01 |
1958 | 271 430 | 12 982 | 6 556 | 6 427 | 47.8 | 24.1 | 23.7 | -0.8 | 6.65 | 166.5 | 40.30 |
1959 | 277 648 | 13 244 | 6 459 | 6 785 | 47.7 | 23.2 | 24.4 | -0.5 | 6.66 | 161.0 | 41.28 |
1960 | 284 288 | 13 538 | 6 553 | 6 985 | 47.6 | 23.0 | 24.6 | -0.4 | 6.67 | 158.6 | 41.48 |
1961 | 291 178 | 13 864 | 6 612 | 7 251 | 47.6 | 22.7 | 24.9 | -0.3 | 6.69 | 156.2 | 41.87 |
1962 | 298 334 | 14 205 | 6 670 | 7 535 | 47.6 | 22.3 | 25.2 | -0.3 | 6.71 | 153.9 | 42.32 |
1963 | 305 755 | 14 531 | 6 724 | 7 808 | 47.5 | 22.0 | 25.5 | -0.3 | 6.71 | 151.6 | 42.78 |
1964 | 313 466 | 14 864 | 6 773 | 8 090 | 47.4 | 21.6 | 25.8 | -0.3 | 6.72 | 149.3 | 43.25 |
1965 | 321 447 | 15 202 | 6 887 | 8 315 | 47.3 | 21.4 | 25.9 | -0.4 | 6.71 | 147.6 | 43.44 |
1966 | 329 658 | 15 559 | 7 054 | 8 505 | 47.2 | 21.4 | 25.8 | 0 | 6.72 | 146.8 | 43.43 |
1967 | 338 160 | 15 920 | 7 156 | 8 764 | 47.1 | 21.2 | 25.9 | 0.2 | 6.72 | 144.4 | 43.65 |
1968 | 346 980 | 16 292 | 7 210 | 9 082 | 46.9 | 20.8 | 26.2 | 0 | 6.72 | 142.6 | 44.10 |
1969 | 356 070 | 16 689 | 7 328 | 9 361 | 46.9 | 20.6 | 26.3 | 0 | 6.71 | 141.0 | 44.32 |
1970 | 365 450 | 17 086 | 7 384 | 9 702 | 46.7 | 20.2 | 26.5 | -0.1 | 6.71 | 139.2 | 44.78 |
1971 | 375 086 | 17 528 | 7 423 | 10 105 | 46.7 | 19.8 | 26.9 | -0.7 | 6.71 | 137.1 | 45.32 |
1972 | 384 930 | 17 939 | 7 572 | 10 367 | 46.6 | 19.7 | 26.9 | -0.2 | 6.71 | 135.6 | 45.41 |
1973 | 395 212 | 18 341 | 7 547 | 10 794 | 46.4 | 19.1 | 27.3 | 0.2 | 6.70 | 133.1 | 46.15 |
1974 | 406 069 | 18 817 | 7 658 | 11 160 | 46.3 | 18.9 | 27.5 | 0.8 | 6.70 | 132.0 | 46.46 |
1975 | 417 557 | 19 324 | 7 724 | 11 600 | 46.3 | 18.5 | 27.8 | 1.0 | 6.69 | 129.6 | 46.90 |
1976 | 429 573 | 19 818 | 7 710 | 12 109 | 46.1 | 17.9 | 28.2 | 0 | 6.68 | 126.1 | 47.64 |
1977 | 441 701 | 20 340 | 7 764 | 12 576 | 46.0 | 17.6 | 28.5 | 0.4 | 6.67 | 123.6 | 48.16 |
1978 | 454 463 | 20 861 | 7 841 | 13 019 | 45.9 | 17.3 | 28.7 | 1.0 | 6.66 | 121.3 | 48.57 |
1979 | 467 976 | 21 448 | 7 901 | 13 546 | 45.8 | 16.9 | 28.9 | 0.1 | 6.64 | 118.7 | 49.10 |
1980 | 481 543 | 21 984 | 7 986 | 13 998 | 45.6 | 16.6 | 29.0 | 0.3 | 6.60 | 116.4 | 49.51 |
1981 | 495 655 | 22 490 | 8 055 | 14 435 | 45.4 | 16.3 | 29.1 | 0.9 | 6.56 | 114.2 | 49.91 |
1982 | 510 540 | 23 060 | 8 146 | 14 914 | 45.2 | 16.0 | 29.2 | -0.2 | 6.51 | 111.7 | 50.28 |
1983 | 525 335 | 23 656 | 8 633 | 15 023 | 45.0 | 16.4 | 28.6 | -0.3 | 6.47 | 114.1 | 49.55 |
1984 | 540 183 | 24 153 | 8 774 | 15 379 | 44.7 | 16.2 | 28.5 | 0.1 | 6.41 | 112.0 | 49.71 |
1985 | 555 653 | 24 673 | 8 850 | 15 823 | 44.4 | 15.9 | 28.5 | 0.3 | 6.34 | 109.8 | 50.09 |
1986 | 571 646 | 25 161 | 8 891 | 16 270 | 44.0 | 15.6 | 28.5 | 0.2 | 6.26 | 107.0 | 50.55 |
1987 | 588 080 | 25 632 | 8 944 | 16 689 | 43.6 | 15.2 | 28.4 | -0.5 | 6.20 | 103.0 | 50.90 |
1988 | 604 511 | 26 013 | 9 360 | 16 653 | 43.0 | 15.5 | 27.5 | 0.1 | 6.11 | 105.1 | 50.43 |
1989 | 621 168 | 26 405 | 9 072 | 17 333 | 42.5 | 14.6 | 27.9 | -0.5 | 6.02 | 100.5 | 51.68 |
1990 | 638 157 | 26 758 | 9 278 | 17 480 | 41.9 | 14.5 | 27.4 | -0.9 | 5.91 | 99.8 | 51.65 |
1991 | 655 040 | 27 202 | 9 556 | 17 646 | 41.5 | 14.6 | 26.9 | -1.1 | 5.83 | 100.4 | 51.49 |
1992 | 671 932 | 27 649 | 9 850 | 17 798 | 41.1 | 14.6 | 26.5 | -0.9 | 5.76 | 99.7 | 51.24 |
1993 | 689 140 | 28 063 | 9 907 | 18 156 | 40.7 | 14.4 | 26.3 | -1.1 | 5.67 | 97.4 | 51.55 |
1994 | 706 488 | 28 449 | 10 476 | 17 973 | 40.2 | 14.8 | 25.4 | -0.1 | 5.59 | 96.5 | 50.52 |
1995 | 724 332 | 28 953 | 10 080 | 18 873 | 40.0 | 13.9 | 26.0 | -0.6 | 5.51 | 95.0 | 52.12 |
1996 | 742 765 | 29 395 | 10 282 | 19 113 | 39.6 | 13.8 | 25.7 | -0.8 | 5.42 | 94.0 | 52.13 |
1997 | 761 224 | 29 764 | 10 413 | 19 351 | 39.1 | 13.7 | 25.4 | -0.9 | 5.34 | 92.4 | 52.31 |
1998 | 779 908 | 30 212 | 10 806 | 19 406 | 38.7 | 13.8 | 24.9 | -0.3 | 5.27 | 91.7 | 51.90 |
1999 | 799 099 | 30 849 | 10 633 | 20 216 | 38.6 | 13.3 | 25.3 | -0.5 | 5.22 | 88.3 | 52.78 |
2000 | 818 952 | 31 448 | 10 614 | 20 833 | 38.4 | 13.0 | 25.4 | -0.4 | 5.18 | 85.9 | 53.35 |
2001 | 839 464 | 32 119 | 10 728 | 21 392 | 38.2 | 12.8 | 25.5 | -0.3 | 5.14 | 83.4 | 53.62 |
2002 | 860 611 | 32 750 | 10 799 | 21 951 | 38.0 | 12.5 | 25.5 | -0.2 | 5.10 | 80.9 | 54.00 |
2003 | 882 349 | 33 422 | 10 849 | 22 574 | 37.9 | 12.3 | 25.6 | -0.2 | 5.06 | 78.2 | 54.42 |
2004 | 904 781 | 34 130 | 10 876 | 23 254 | 37.7 | 12.0 | 25.7 | -0.2 | 5.02 | 75.5 | 54.90 |
2005 | 927 898 | 34 950 | 10 866 | 24 084 | 37.6 | 11.7 | 25.9 | -0.2 | 5.00 | 72.8 | 55.47 |
2006 | 951 740 | 35 735 | 10 807 | 24 928 | 37.5 | 11.3 | 26.2 | -0.2 | 4.97 | 70.2 | 56.14 |
2007 | 976 461 | 36 540 | 10 784 | 25 756 | 37.4 | 11.0 | 26.4 | -0.3 | 4.95 | 67.7 | 56.73 |
2008 | 1 001 981 | 37 411 | 10 769 | 26 642 | 37.3 | 10.7 | 26.6 | -0.4 | 4.93 | 65.3 | 57.31 |
2009 | 1 028 200 | 38 122 | 10 679 | 27 443 | 37.1 | 10.4 | 26.7 | -0.4 | 4.89 | 62.9 | 58.02 |
2010 | 1 055 233 | 38 920 | 10 652 | 28 268 | 36.9 | 10.1 | 26.8 | -0.8 | 4.86 | 60.9 | 58.61 |
2011 | 1 082 676 | 39 651 | 10 594 | 29 057 | 36.6 | 9.8 | 26.8 | -0.8 | 4.82 | 58.9 | 59.25 |
2012 | 1 110 797 | 40 262 | 10 562 | 29 700 | 36.2 | 9.5 | 26.7 | -0.2 | 4.77 | 57.0 | 59.81 |
2013 | 1 140 181 | 40 882 | 10 569 | 30 313 | 35.8 | 9.3 | 26.6 | -0.2 | 4.72 | 55.4 | 60.29 |
2014 | 1 170 299 | 41 517 | 10 590 | 30 927 | 35.5 | 9.0 | 26.4 | -0.1 | 4.67 | 53.9 | 60.75 |
2015 | 1 201 108 | 42 128 | 10 647 | 31 481 | 35.1 | 8.9 | 26.2 | -0.4 | 4.63 | 52.5 | 61.13 |
2016 | 1 232 112 | 42 515 | 10 652 | 31 863 | 34.5 | 8.6 | 25.8 | -0.5 | 4.56 | 51.3 | 61.59 |
2017 | 1 263 334 | 43 102 | 10 695 | 32 408 | 34.1 | 8.5 | 25.6 | -0.3 | 4.52 | 50.0 | 61.99 |
2018 | 1 295 265 | 43 713 | 10 763 | 32 950 | 33.7 | 8.3 | 25.4 | -0.4 | 4.47 | 48.8 | 62.34 |
2019 | 1 327 701 | 44 295 | 10 841 | 33 454 | 33.3 | 8.2 | 25.2 | -0.4 | 4.42 | 47.7 | 62.69 |
2020 | 1 360 677 | 44 807 | 11 390 | 33 417 | 32.9 | 8.4 | 24.6 | -0.3 | 4.36 | 46.4 | 62.23 |
2021 | 1 393 676 | 45 369 | 12 038 | 33 331 | 32.5 | 8.6 | 23.9 | 4.31 | 45.4 | 61.66 |
Population density
The
.Population growth
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
The population of Africa was 177 million in 1950, and it grew 7.6 times to more than 1.341 billion in 2020.[3]
The increase in population is explosive, with a population under the age of 14 in the exponential growth phase, a difference from almost the rest of the world, which is already in balance (United States 1966, Europe 1969, Mexico 1990, Latin America 2000, India 2009, Asia 1977). [citation needed]
As of 2019, the total population of Africa is estimated at 1.3 billion, representing 16 percent of the world's population.[12] According to UN estimates, the population of Africa may reach 2.49 billion by 2050 (about 26% of the world's total) and 4.28 billion by 2100 (about 39% of the world's total).[12] The number of babies born in Africa compared to the rest of the world is expected to reach approximately 37% in the year 2050.[13]
The population of Africa first surpassed one billion in 2009, with a doubling time of 27 years (growth rate 2.6% p.a.).[14]
Population growth has continued at almost the same pace, and total population is expected to surpass 2 billion by 2038 (doubling time 29 years, 2.4% p.a.).[5]
Sub-Saharan Africa are expected to make more than half of the global population increase projected through 2050.[15]
The reason for the uncontrolled population growth since the mid 20th century is the decrease of
The extreme population growth in Africa is driven by
84.00–85.99 82.00–83.99 80.00–81.99 78.00–79.99 76.00–77.99 74.00–75.99 | 72.00–73.99 70.00–71.99 68.00–69.99 66.00–67.99 64.00–65.99 62.00–63.99 | 60.00–61.99 58.00–59.99 56.00–57.99 54.00–55.99 52.00–53.99 no data |
Population estimates by region (in billions):
2000 | 2050 | 2100 | |
East Africa | 0.26 | 0.85 (+227%, +1.8% p.a.) | 1.45 (+458%, +0.6% p.a.) |
Central Africa | 0.096 | 0.38 (+296%, +2.1% p.a.) | 0.75 (+681%, +0.8% p.a.) |
North Africa | 0.17 | 0.37 (+118%, +1.1% p.a.) | 0.50 (+194%, +0.3% p.a.) |
Southern Africa | 0.051 | 0.087 (+70%, +0.6% p.a.) | 0.094 (+82%, -0.1% p.a.) |
West Africa | 0.23 | 0.80 (+248%, +2.0% p.a.) | 1.48 (+543%, +0.7% p.a.) |
Africa | 0.81 | 2.49 (+207%, +1.7% p.a.) | 4.28 (+428%, +0.6% p.a.) |
World |
6.14 | 9.73 (+58%, +0.5% p.a.) | 10.88 (+77%, +0.0% p.a.) |
Births
All countries in Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27.1% of global livebirths.[20]
Health
History of health care development in sub-Saharan Africa
In September 1987,
Major health challenges
The
Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes persists as an epidemic in the region posing a public health and socioeconomic crisis for Sub-Saharan Africa. Scarcity of data for pathogenesis and subtypes for diabetes in Sub-Saharan African communities has led to gaps in documenting epidemiology for the disease. High rates of undiagnosed diabetes in many countries leaves individuals at a high risk of chronic health complications, thus, posing a high risk of diabetes-related morbidity and mortality in the region.[28]
HIV/AIDS
In 2011, Africa was home to 69% of all people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide.[29] In response, a number of initiatives have been launched to educate the public on HIV/AIDS. Among these are combination prevention programmes, considered to be the most effective initiative, the abstinence, be faithful, use a condom campaign, and the Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation's outreach programs.[30] According to a 2013 special report issued by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), the number of HIV positive people in Africa receiving anti-retroviral treatment in 2012 was over seven times the number receiving treatment in 2005, with an almost 1 million added in the last year alone.[31][32] The number of AIDS-related deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2011 was 33 percent less than the number in 2005.[33] The number of new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa in 2011 was 25 percent less than the number in 2001.[33]
Malaria
Malaria is an endemic illness in Sub-Saharan Africa, where the majority of malaria cases and deaths worldwide occur.[34]
Maternal and infant mortality
Studies show that more than half of the world's maternal deaths occur in Sub-Saharan Africa.[35][36] However progress has been made in this area, as maternal mortality rates have decreased for multiple countries in the region by about half since 1990.[36] Additionally, the African Union ratified the Maputo Protocol in July 2003, which pledges to prohibit female genital mutilation.[37]
The Sub-Saharan African region alone accounts for about 45% of global infant and child mortalities. Studies have shown a relationship between infant survival and the education of mothers, as years of education positively correlate with infant survival rates. Geographic location is also a factor, as child mortality rates are higher in rural areas in comparison to urban regions.[38]
Measles
Routine immunization has been introduced to countries within Sub-Saharan Africa in order to prevent measles outbreaks within the region.[39]
Neglected tropical diseases
Neglected tropical diseases such as hookworm infection encompass some of the most common health conditions which affect an estimated 500 million individuals in the sub-Saharan African region.[40]
Non-communicable diseases
Results of
Onchocerciasis
Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality on a global scale, especially in high HIV-prevalent populations in the sub-Saharan African region, with a high case fatality rate.[42]
National healthcare systems
National health systems vary between countries. In
A shortage of health professionals compounded by migration of health workers from sub-Saharan Africa to other parts of the world (namely English-speaking nations such as the United States and the United Kingdom) has negatively impacted productivity and efficacy of the region's health systems.[44]
More than 85% of individuals in Africa use traditional medicine as an alternative to often expensive allopathic medical health care and costly pharmaceutical products. The
-
Map of Africa colored according to the percentage of the adult (ages 15–49) population with HIV/AIDS (Map of 2002).[47]
-
Life expectancy has fallen drastically in Southern Africa a result of HIV/AIDS.[48]
Ethnicity
The peoples of
The peoples of North Africa comprise three main groups:
Languages
There are three major linguistic phyla native to Africa: Niger–Congo languages (including Bantu) in West, Central, Southeast and Southern Africa; Nilo-Saharan languages (unity debated) spoken from Tanzania to Sudan and from Chad to Mali; Khoisan languages (probably no phylogenetic unit, see Khoe languages), concentrated in the Kalahari Desert of Namibia and Botswana; There are several other small families and language isolates, as well as languages that have yet to be classified.
In addition, the
More recently introduced to Africa are
The total number of languages natively spoken in Africa is variously estimated (depending on the delineation of
Around a hundred languages are widely used for inter-ethnic communication.
Former colonial languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, are used as official languages in many African nations, and are spoken by a fifth of Africans.[69][70][71][a]
Religion
See also
- List of ethnic groups of Africa
- Africa
- Demographics of the world
- Capoid
- Congoid
- Linguistic demographics of Africa
- List of countries by fertility rate
- Child marriage in Africa
- Poverty in Africa
- World population
- Youth in Africa
- Culture of Africa
- Religion in Africa
- Demographics of the Middle East and North Africa
- Genetic history of Africa
- Genetic history of North Africa
- History of Africa
External links
Notes
- ^ The previous three references show that there a total of 130 million English speakers, 120 million French speakers, and over 30 million Portuguese speakers in Africa, making them about 20% of Africa's 2022 population of 1.4 billion people.
References
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