African popular music

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

"Afropop" redirects here. For the radio program, see Afropop Worldwide.
Mbube" , the origin of The Lion King's song "The Lion Sleeps Tonight
".

African popular music (also styled Afropop, Afro-pop, Afro pop or African pop),

rumba derive to varying degrees on musical traditions from Africa, taken to the Americas by enslaved Africans. These rhythms and sounds have subsequently been adapted by newer genres like rock, and rhythm and blues. Likewise, African popular music has adopted elements, particularly the musical instruments and recording studio techniques of the Western music industry. The term does not refer to a specific style or sound but is used as a general term for African popular music.[2][3][4]

Influence of Afro-Cuban music

Orchestra Baobab
See also: Afro (genre)

Cuban music has been popular in Sub-Saharan Africa since the mid-twentieth century. It was Cuban music, more than any other, that provided the initial template for Afropop. To the Africans, clave-based Cuban popular music sounded both familiar and exotic.[5] The Encyclopedia of Africa v. 1. states:

"Beginning in the 1940s, Afro-Cuban [son] groups such as Septeto Habanero and Trio Matamoros gained widespread popularity in the Congo region as a result of airplay over Radio Congo Belge, a powerful radio station based in Léopoldville (now Kinshasa DRC). A proliferation of music clubs, recording studios, and concert appearances of Cuban bands in Léopoldville spurred on the Cuban music trend during the late 1940s and 1950s."[6]

Congolese bands started doing Cuban covers and singing the lyrics phonetically. Soon, they were creating their own original Cuban-like compositions, with French lyrics. The Congolese called this new music rumba, although it was really based on the son.[clarification needed] The Africans adapted guajeos to electric guitars, and gave them their own regional flavor. The guitar-based music gradually spread out from the Congo, increasingly taking on local sensibilities. This process eventually resulted in the establishment of several different distinct regional genres, such as soukous.[7]

A Congolese rumba group performing in Léopoldville

Cuban popular music played a major role in the development of many contemporary genres of African popular music. John Storm Roberts states: "It was the Cuban connection, but increasingly also

salsa, that provided the major and enduring influences—the ones that went deeper than earlier imitation or passing fashion. The Cuban connection began very early and was to last at least twenty years, being gradually absorbed and re-Africanized."[8]
The re-working of Afro-Cuban rhythmic patterns by Africans brings the rhythms full circle.

The re-working of the harmonic patterns reveals a striking difference in perception. The I, IV, V, IV, harmonic progression, commonly used in Cuban music, is heard in pop music all across the African continent, thanks to the influence of Cuban music. Those chords move in accordance with the basic tenets of Western music theory. However, as Gerhard Kubik points out, performers of African popular music do not necessarily perceive these progressions in the same way: "The harmonic cycle of C-F-G-F [I-IV-V-IV] prominent in Congo/Zaire popular music simply cannot be defined as a progression from tonic to subdominant to dominant and back to subdominant (on which it ends) because in the performer's appreciation they are of equal status, and not in any hierarchical order as in Western music."[9]

Abeti Masikini is one of the African female artists who revolutionized African music with her unique blend of rhythms.[10]

The largest wave of Cuban-based music to hit Africa was in the form of salsa. In 1974 the

heavyweight title fight. Local genres were already well established by this time. Even so, salsa caught on in many African countries, especially in the Senegambia and Mali. Cuban music had been the favorite of Senegal's nightspot in the 1950s to 1960s.[11] The Senegalese band Orchestra Baobab
plays in a basic salsa style with congas and timbales, but with the addition of Wolof and Mandinka instruments and lyrics.

According to Lise Waxer: "African salsa points not so much to a return of salsa to African soil (Steward 1999: 157) but to a complex process of cultural appropriation between two regions of the so-called Third World."

Ismael Lo and Salif Keita
. It is still common today for an African artist to record a salsa tune, and add their own particular regional touch to it.

Genres

Genres of African popular music include:

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Braun, Ken (9 January 1994). ".POP MUSIC; The Rise and Rise Of Irresistible Afropop". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 May 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  2. ^ Collins, Professor John (2002). "African Popular Music". University of Alberta. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  3. ^ Conteh, Mankaprr; Makinde, Tami; Miya, Madzadza; Saraki, Seni; Wangeci, Tela (28 December 2022). "The 40 Best Afropop Songs of 2022". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  4. ^ Pareles, Jon (13 May 1984). "With The Traditional And The Exotic, Africa Invigorates Pop". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2015. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
  5. ^ Nigerian musician Segun Bucknor: "Latin American music and our music is virtually the same"—quoted by Collins 1992 p. 62
  6. ^ The Encyclopedia of Africa v. 1. 2010 p. 407.
  7. ^ Roberts, John Storm. Afro-Cuban Comes Home: The Birth and Growth of Congo Music. Original Music cassette tape (1986).
  8. ^ Roberts 1986. 20: 50. Afro-Cuban Comes Home: The Birth and Growth of Congo Music.
  9. ISBN 1-57806-145-8
    .
  10. ^ "Musique: 20 ans après… pourquoi pas Abeti Masikini?" [Music: 20 years later… why not Abeti Masikini?]. www.mediacongo.net (in French). Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. 23 September 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  11. ^ Stapleton 1990 116-117. African Rock: The Pop Music of a Continent. New York: Dutton.
  12. ISBN 0-8153-4020-6
  13. ^ Mhabela, Sabelo (2017). "The 10 Best 'African Trap Music' Songs". Okay Africa. Archived from the original on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  14. ^ Allen, Jeffery (14 August 2023). "AfroJazz Fest will showcase African, Caribbean cultures at annual Milton event". Inside Halton. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  15. ^ Konan, Aude (2016). "MHD and France's "Afro Trap" Phenomenon". Okay Africa. Archived from the original on 1 January 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  16. ^ Zeeman, Kyle (2019). "Toya Delazy is creating her own genre called Afro-rave, and she says it's the future". Times Live. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
  17. ^ Okay Africa (2014). "Kilalaky: The Dance Craze of Madagascar". Okay Africa. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  18. ^ Ade-Peter, Dennis; Oloworekende, Wale (2021). "Sounds From This Side: Street Pop". The Native Mag. Archived from the original on 2 September 2021. Retrieved 14 January 2024.

Further reading

External links

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