Afro-Caribbean people
Total population | |
---|---|
23,394,739 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Religion | |
Predominantly: Minority: | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Sierra Leone Creoles, West Africans |
Afro-Caribbean people or African Caribbean are Caribbean people who trace their full or partial ancestry to Africa. The majority of the modern Afro-Caribbean people descend from the Africans (primarily from Central and West Africa) taken as slaves to colonial Caribbean via the trans-Atlantic slave trade between the 15th and 19th centuries to work primarily on various sugar plantations and in domestic households. Other names for the ethnic group include Black Caribbean, Afro or Black West Indian or Afro or Black Antillean. The term Afro-Caribbean was not coined by Caribbean people themselves but was first used by European Americans in the late 1960s.[7]
People of Afro-Caribbean descent today are largely of
Although most Afro-Caribbean people today continue to reside in
Both the home and diaspora populations have produced a number of individuals who have had a notable influence on modern African, Caribbean and Western societies; they include political activists such as Marcus Garvey and C. L. R. James; writers and theorists such as Aimé Césaire and Frantz Fanon; US military leader and statesman Colin Powell; athletes such as Usain Bolt, Tim Duncan and David Ortiz; and musicians Bob Marley, Nicki Minaj and Rihanna.
History
16th–18th centuries
During the post-Columbian era, the archipelagos and islands of the
During the 17th and 18th centuries, European colonial development in the Caribbean became increasingly reliant on plantation slavery to cultivate and process the lucrative commodity crop of
19th–20th centuries
In 1804, Haiti, with its overwhelmingly African population and leadership, became the second nation in the Americas to win independence from a European state. During the 19th century, continuous waves of rebellion, such as the
During the 20th century, Afro-Caribbean people, who were a majority in many Caribbean societies, began to assert their cultural, economic, and political rights with more vigor on the world stage.
In the 1960s, the West Indian territories were given their political independence from
Notable people
Politics
- Sir Grantley Adams– Barbados, politician and lawyer; the first and only Prime Minister of the West Indies Federation (1958–1962)
- Jean-Bertrand Aristide – politician, priest and head of state, Haiti
- Dean Barrow – head of government, Belize
- Maurice Bishop – Grenada, revolutionary leader
- Paul Bogle – Jamaica, political activist
- Ertha Pascal Trouillot– Haiti, first Black female president in the world, lawyer
- Juan Almeida Bosque – Cuban revolutionary and politician
- Dutty Boukman – Haitian freedom fighter
- Forbes Burnham – Guyana, head of government
- Bussa– Barbados, freedom fighter
- Stokely Carmichael – Trinidad-born, civil rights activist and leader in the US
- Mary Eugenia Charles– Dominican head of government
- Perry Christie – Bahamian, politician and lawyer
- Henri Christophe – Haiti, revolutionary, general and head of state
- David Clarke(sheriff) – Barbudan, former Sheriff of Milwaukee
- John Compton – Saint Lucia, politician and lawyer
- Francisco del Rosario Sánchez – Dominican Republic founding father, revolutionary, and president
- Paris Dennard – Grenada, former CNN political commentator
- Jean-Jacques Dessalines – Haiti (est. 1804), revolutionary, general and first head of state of independent Haiti
- Papa Doc Duvalier– dictator of Haiti, 20th century
- UNIAand active in US politics from 1916 to 1927
- Philip Goldson – Belize, politician
- Ulises Heureaux – Dominican Republic president and military leader
- Sam Hinds – Guyana, head of government
- Hubert Ingraham – Bahamian, politician and lawyer
- Toussaint L'Ouverture– Saint-Domingue, revolutionary, general and governor
- Joseph Robert Love – Bahamian-born, medical doctor; Jamaican politician and political activist who influenced Marcus Garvey
- Gregorio Luperón – Dominican Republic revolutionary, general and president
- Antonio Maceo Grajales– Cuban revolutionary and general
- Michael Manley – Jamaica, politician
- Jon Miller – Montserrat, Conservative Review, BlazeTV Host
- Nanny of the Maroons – Jamaica, freedom fighter
- Jeanne Odo – Haiti, abolitionist
- Candace Owens – British Virgin Islander, PragerU Radio and Founder of Blexit
- Kittitian politician and businesswoman.[13]
- Lynden Pindling – Bahamian politician, and first Prime minister of the Bahamas
- Samuel Jackman Prescod – Barbados, first elected Afro-Caribbean politician in the House of Assembly
- Sam Sharpe– Jamaica, freedom fighter
- Solitude – Guadeloupe, freedom fighter
- Eric Eustace Williams– Trinidad and Tobago politician, writer and head of government
- Shirley Chisholm – Guyanese and Bajan descent, first black woman elected to the US Congress, first black major-party US presidential candidate
- Colin Powell – Jamaican descent, US Army General, Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff
- Kamala Devi Harris– Jamaican descent, first African American, first Asian American, and first female Vice President of the United States
Science and philosophy
- Alfredo Bowman (Dr. Sebi) – International herbalist healer from Honduras.
- Frantz Fanon – Martinique, writer, psychiatrist and freedom fighter
- Hubert Harrison – St. Croix, writer, orator, educator, critic, and race and class conscious political activist based in Harlem, New York
- Stuart Hall – Jamaican philosopher
- C. L. R. James – Trinidad and Tobago, activist and writer
- W. Arthur Lewis – Saint Lucia, economist and Nobel Prize recipient
- Pedro Alonso Niño – Afro-Spanish explorer
- Arlie Petters – Belizean mathematician
- Walter Rodney – Guyanese activist and writer
- Mary Seacole – Jamaican nurse and hospital director
Arts and culture
- Carlos Acosta – Cuba, ballet dancer
- Beenie Man – Jamaica, artist and musician
- Frank Bowling – Guyana, painter
- Esther Rolle – Actress of Bahamian descent
- Aimé Césaire – Martinique, fiction writer
- Celia Cruz – Cuba, singer
- Stacey Dash – Barbadian descent, actress
- Bert Williams – Bahamian entertainer, and probably the first successful Afro-Caribbean entertainer in America
- AngelaMaria Davila – Puerto Rican poet
- Eddy Grant – Guyana, singer and musician
- Edward W. Hardy – Puerto Rican, composer and musician
- C. L. R. James – Trinidad, historian, essayist and journalist
- Wyclef Jean – Haitian singer, composer and activist
- Earl Lovelace – Trinidad, novelist and writer
- Luis Palés Matos – Puerto Rican poet
- Bob Marley – Jamaica, singer and musician
- Ziggy Marley (Bob Marley's son) – Jamaica, singer and musician
- Myke Towers – Puerto Rican, rapper
- The Mighty Sparrow– Grenadian/Trinidadian singer and composer
- Trinidad James – Trinidad, rapper
- Zoe Saldana– American actress of Dominican and Puerto Rican descent
- Nicki Minaj – Trinidad, rapper and singer
- Sean Paul – Jamaica, dancehall artist
- Shyne – Belize rapper
- Sidney Poitier – Bahamas, first actor of African American or Afro-Caribbean descent to win an Academy Award in the US
- Rihanna – Barbados, singer
- Chevalier de Saint-Georges – Guadeloupe, composer
- Cardi B - Dominican Republic, rapper
- Naomi Campbell - Jamaican-English supermodel.
- Lewis Hamilton - Grenadian, Formula 1 driver.
- FKA Twigs - Jamaican, alternative singer.
- Antony Santos – Dominican Republic, bachata singer
- Peter Tosh – Jamaica, singer and musician
- Bebo Valdés – Cuban musician
- Johnny Ventura – Dominican Republic salsa and merengue singer
- Kittiandescent
- Derek Walcott – Saint Lucia, poet, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature
- Pop Smoke – American rapper of Jamaican and Panamanian descent
Sports
- Kirani James – Grenada, Grenada's first Olympic Gold Medalist and World's fastest 400m runner from 2012 to 2016
- Omar Amir-Bahamas – professional wrestler in the Ohio Valley Wrestling Arena
- Deandre Ayton – Bahamas, #1 Overall Pick of the 2018 NBA Draft and player for the Phoenix Suns
- Ozzie Albies – Curaçao, MLB player for the Atlanta Braves
- John Barnes– Jamaican-born English footballer
- Usain Bolt – Jamaica, Olympics gold medalist and the fastest man in history
- Robinson Canó – Dominican Republic MLB player
- Kingsley Coman – Guadeloupe, football player
- Carmelo Anthony – Puerto Rican-American, basketball player
- Tonique Williams-Darling – Bahamas, 400m runner and Olympic gold medalist
- Tim Duncan – St. Croix (Anguilla parentage), basketball player
- Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce – Jamaica, athlete
- Thierry Henry – Guadeloupe, football player, best French scorer
- Buddy Hield – Bahamas, NBA player for the Sacramento Kings
- Kenley Jansen – Curaçao, MLB player for the Los Angeles Dodgers
- Brian Lara – Trinidad, cricketer
- Anthony Martial – Guadeloupe, French football player
- Shaunae Miller– Bahamian, 400m and 200m runner and Olympic gold medalist
- David Ortiz – Dominican Republic MLB player
- Burgess Owens – Barbadian-born, former American football player
- Sir Vivian Richards– Antigua, cricketer
- Teddy Riner – Guadeloupe, Judoka
- Errol Spence Jr. – Jamaican American, boxer, current Unified Welterweight Champion
- Mike McCallum – Jamaica, Boxer, World Champion in 3 different weight classes
- Julian Jackson (boxer) – Saint Thomas, boxer, 3-time world champion in 2 weight classes
- Darren Sammy– Saint Lucia, cricketer
- Kimbo Slice – Bahamian boxer and MMA fighter
- Sir Garfield Sobers– Barbados, cricketer
- Sammy Sosa – Dominican Republic MLB player
- Karl-Anthony Towns – Dominican Republic-descended NBA player, #1 overall pick in the 2015 NBA draft, NBA player for the Minnesota Timberwolves
- Marcellus Wiley – Martinican American, former American football player and FOX Sports commentator/host
- Adam Sanford – Dominican cricketer
- Jayde Riviere – Dominican football Player
- Jay Emmanuel-Thomas – Dominican football player
- Konrad de la Fuente – Dominican-American football player
- Vurnon Anita – Curaçao football player
- Joe Willock – Jamaican football player
- Fabrice Noel – Haitianfootballer
- Jaron Vicario – Curaçaoan football player
- Sanchez Watt – Jamaican football player
Main groups
- Afro-Antiguan and Barbudan
- Afro-Bahamian
- Afro-Barbadian
- Afro-Bermudian
- Afro-Curaçaoans
- Afro-Colombians
- Afro-Costa Ricans
- Afro-Cuban
- Afro-Dominican (Dominica)
- Afro-Dominican (Dominican Republic)
- Afro-Grenadian
- Afro-Guatemalan
- Afro-Guyanese
- Afro-Haitians
- Afro-Hondurans
- Afro-Jamaican
- Afro-Kittian and Nevisian
- Afro-Mexicans
- Afro-Nicaraguan
- Afro-Panamanian
- Afro-Puerto Ricans
- Afro-Saint Lucian
- Afro-Salvadoran
- Afro-Surinamese
- Afro-Trinidadians and Tobagonians
- Afro-Venezuelan
- Afro-Vincentian
- Belizean Creole people
- Other members of the African diaspora in or from the Caribbean
Culture
See also
- Afro-Latin Americans
- African diaspora in the Americas
References
- ^ Results Archived 12 February 2020 at archive.today American Fact Finder (US Census Bureau)
- ^ INSEE. "Populations légales 2017 des départements et collectivités d'outre-mer" (in French). Retrieved 29 January 2021.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.miamiherald.com. Archived from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 3 September 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ 2011 Census UK Government Web Archive
- ^ "Trinidad and Tobago 2011 population and housing census demographic report" (PDF). Central Statistical Office. 30 November 2012. p. 94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 October 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2016.
- ^ "Archived copy". www.stats.gov.vc. Archived from the original on 11 September 2018. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States Congress House (1970). "Hearings". pp. 64–69.
- ^ Some Historical Account of Guinea: With an Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Slave Trade, p. 48, at Google Books
- ISBN 978-0-465-00071-5.
- ^ Martin, Tony. Race First: The Ideological and Organizational Struggle of Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1976.
- ^ Nigel C. Gibson, Fanon: The Postcolonial Imagination (2003: Oxford, Polity Press)
- ^ Chen, Kuan-Hsing. "The Formation of a Diasporic Intellectual: An interview with Stuart Hall," collected in David Morley and Kuan-Hsing Chen (eds), Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogues in Cultural Studies, New York: Routledge, 1996.
- ^ "The Hon. Wendy Phipps". Ministry of Finance [St Kitts and Nevis]. 5 February 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2024.
External links
- The dictionary definition of Afro-Caribbean at Wiktionary