Afro-Ecuadorians
Afroecuatorianos | |
---|---|
Afro-Latin Americans . |
Afro-Ecuadorians or Afroecuatorianos (Spanish), are
History and background
Most Afro-Ecuadorians are the descendants of enslaved Africans who were transported by predominantly British slavers to Ecuador from the early 16th century.
Racism, on an individual basis and societally are strongly discriminated against by the mestizo and criollo populations.[5][6] As a result, along with lack of government funding and low social mobility poverty affects their community more so than the white and mestizo population of Ecuador.[7][8] After slavery was abolished in 1851, Africans became marginalized in Ecuador, dominated by the plantation owners.[9]
Afro-Ecuadorian people and culture are found primarily in the country's northwest coastal region. The majority of the Afro-Ecuadorian population (70%)
Culture
Afro-Ecuadorian culture may be analysed by considering the two main epicenters of historical presence: the province of
Music
Sometimes this music is played in religious ceremonies, as well as in celebrations and parties. It features call-and-response chanting along with the music. Some of the rhythms associated with it are currulao, bambuco and andarele.[24]
On the other hand, in the Chota Valley there is bomba music. It can vary from mid-tempo to a very fast rhythm. It is usually played with guitars, as well as the main local instrument called bomba, which is a drum, along with a guiro, and sometimes bombos and bongos. A variation of it played by la banda mocha, groups who play bomba with a bombo, guiro and plant leaves to give melody.[25]
Religion
The religious practice among Afro-Ecuadorians is usually Catholic. Catholic worship is distinctive in Esmeraldas, and sometimes is done with marimba[26][27]
Political framework
Numerous organizations have been established in Ecuador to for Afro-Ecuadorian issues. The Afro-Ecuadorian Development Council (CONDAE). Afro-Ecuadorian Development Corporation (Corporación de Desarrollo Afroecuatoriano, CODAE), institutionalized in 2002,
Notable Afro-Ecuadorians
Historical
- Alonso de Illescas (1528-1600s), African Maroon leader in Esmeraldas in colonial Ecuador.
- María del Tránsito Sorroza, midwife and formerly enslaved woman.
- Martina Carrillo (1750-1778), Ecuadorian activist, born enslaved, who fought for the rights of Afro-Ecuadorians.
Politics
Government
- Diana Salazar Méndez, Attorney General of Ecuador
- Lucía Sosa, Mayor of Esmeraldas from 2005 to 2013 and 2014 to 2018
- Paola Cabezas, first Afro-Ecuadorian presenter of Ecuador TV and politician[28]
Activism
- Jaime Hurtado, from Guayaquil; known for fighting for the rights of the working people of Ecuador; founder and leader of the Democratic People's Movement (MPD); assassinated in the winter of 1999[29]
Music
- Guillermo Ayoví Erazo, Ecuadorian Marimba player and singer.
Literature
- Adalberto Ortiz (1914-2003), poet, diplomat and author.
- Nelson Estupiñán Bass (1912-2012), poet and author.
Sports
Boxing
- Carlos Andrés Mina, Ecuadorian Light heavyweight boxer
- María José Palacios, Ecuadorian women's Olympic lightweight boxer
- Érika Pachito, Ecuadorian women's Olympic middleweight boxer
Judo
- Carmen Chalá, Ecuadorian Olympic Judoka.
- Diana Chalá, Ecuadorian Olympic Judoka.
- Vanessa Chalá, Ecuadorian Olympic Judoka.
Discus
- Juan José Caicedo, Ecuadorian discus thrower that competed in the 2020 Summer Olympics
Weightlifting
- Neisi Dajomes, Gold medalist for women's weightlifting in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics
- Tamara Salazar, Silver medalist for women's weightlifting in the 2020 Tokyo Olympics
- Angie Palacios, Ecuadorian Olympic weightlifter and sister of Neisi Dajomes
- Alexandra Escobar, Ecuadorian Olympic weightlifter
- Oliba Nieve, Gold medalist for women's weightlifting in 2007 Pan American Games
Sprinting
- Álex Quiñónez, Ecuadorian Olympic sprinter; finalist in 200-meter dash at the 2012 Summer Olympics
- Ángela Tenorio, Ecuador Olympic sprinter
- Yuliana Angulo, Ecuadorian Olympic sprinter
- Virginia Villalba, Ecuadorian Olympic sprinter[30][31]
Football
- Adrian Bone
- Alexander Domínguez
- Anderson Julio
- Agustin Delgado, Ecuadorian footballplayer hailing from Juncal village; signed a $3.5 million deal with the team from Southampton, England in 2001
- Byron Castillo
- Carlos Gruezo
- Christian Benítez
- Darío Aimar
- Sebas Méndez, football player for the Orlando City SC
- Alberto Spencer (1937-2006), football player and all-time top scorer of the Copa Libertadores
- Manchester Unitedand Ecuador national team
- Arturo Mina
- Internacionaland Ecuador national team
- Brayan Angulo, football player
- Michael Arroyo, football player
- Gabriel Achilier, football player
- Jefferson Lara, football player
- Jairo Padilla, football player
- Juan Cazares, football player
- Jhojan Julio, football player
- Felipe Caicedo, football player
- Miller Bolaños, football player
- Álex Bolaños, football player
- Alexander Bolaños, football player
- Moisés Caicedo, football player
- Moisés Ramírez
- Giovanny Espinoza, football player
- Gonzalo Plata
- Janner Corozo
- Joffre Guerron
- Jorge Guagua
- José Cifuentes
- Jose Valencia
- Juan Cazares
- Jaime Ayoví
- Walter Ayoví
- Diego Palacios
- Pervis Estupiñán
- Ángelo Preciado
- Ayrton Preciado
- Fidel Martínez
- Nilson Angulo
- Segundo Castillo
- Gustavo Vallecilla
- Édison Méndez
- Ivan Hurtado
- Juan Carlos Paredes
- Joao Plata
- Renato Ibarra
- Romario Ibarra
- Robert Arboleda
- Ulises de la Cruz
- Walter Chalá
- Djorkaeff Reasco
- Néicer Reasco
- Rorys Aragón
- Frickson Erazo
- Maximo Banguera
- Oscar Bagui
- Pedro Velasco
- Kevin Rodriguez
- Christian García (Ecuadorian footballer)
Gallery
See also
- Afro-Latin Americans
- List of Afro-Latinos
References
- ^ http://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/cpv/ [dead link]
- ^ "MAR | Data | Assessment for Blacks in Ecuador". www.mar.umd.edu. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Up from slavery, Afro-Ecuadorians continue the struggle for their place in society". CuencaHighLife. 2018-10-15. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Afro-Ecuadorian - Afropedea". www.afropedea.org. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Much work needed to 'target unacceptable levels' of racism in Ecuador: UN experts". UN News. 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Afro-Ecuadorians". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Poverty rates in Ecuador". Statista. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Government should do more to reduce poverty among Afro-Ecuadorians, UN says". CuencaHighLife. 2019-12-26. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ a b c "Assessment for Blacks in Ecuador". CIDCM. Archived from the original on June 22, 2012. Retrieved August 28, 2012.
- ^ "Esmeraldas and its Afro-Ecuadorian Cultural Legacy". Sounds and Colours. 2015-06-19. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ a b "How Afro-Ecuadorians shaped the country's culture". Lonely Planet. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Afro Ecuador – Freedom Is Mine". Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Ecuadorian Culture: Customs, History, Society, Food | don Quijote". www.donquijote.org. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Mónica, the first | Translation". Radio Ambulante. 2022-04-26. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
- ^ Ph. D., History; M. A., History; B. A., Rhodes College. "There Were 3 Major Ways That Enslaved People Resisted a Life in Bondage". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "A Botanical Story of Slavery and the Survival of the Wisdom of Africa". Hidden Garden. 2016-08-04. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ "Pigeonpea". Crop Wild Relatives. Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- )
- ^ "La Tunda es un mito afroecuatoriano con fondo emancipador". El Comercio (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-05-27.
- ^ Lago, Ivonne. "Paola Cabezas: "A la vida hay que ponerle tumbao"". www.expreso.ec. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
- ^ "UNESCO - Marimba music, traditional chants and dances from the Colombia South Pacific region and Esmeraldas Province of Ecuador". ich.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ Cornejo, Santiago Carcélen; Ordóñez, Fabricio Morales, The Guardians of the Marimba, the Cununo and the Guasa (in Spanish), retrieved 2021-08-12
- ^ "Discover the Afroecuadorian culture". This Is Ecuador. 2019-02-27. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ Velasco, Estefanía. "La Bomba, símbolo musical de resistencia de la minoría afroecuatoriana". El Comercio (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2021-08-12. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Marimba importance on the religious aspects of Afro-Ecuadorians" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-01-14.
- ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- ^ "Paola Cabezas: "A la vida hay que ponerle tumbao"". 2020-12-21. Archived from the original on 21 December 2020. Retrieved 2022-05-28.
- ^ "Black Latin America". Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2006-11-29.
- ^ "Athletics VILLALBA Virginia Elizabeth - Tokyo 2020 Olympics". Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/. Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
- ^ "'We are one big heart' - how Ecuador's 4x100m women made Olympic history in Silesia | FEATURE | WRE 21 | World Athletics". www.worldathletics.org. Retrieved 2021-08-10.
External links
- Centro Cultural Afroecuatoriano Website with much information on this subject