Afro-Guatemalans
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Afro-Caribbean, Garifuna |
An Afro-Guatemalan person is a person who lives in
However, there are two other groups in the country that are of African descent:
The other group are the descendants of Afro-West Indian migrants who came from English-speaking Caribbean islands in the late 19th and early 20th centuries primarily to work for the United Fruit Company, as well as to work on railroad building, and in the whaling industry.
Origins
Due to the difficulty of slave ships arriving in Guatemala, buyers of the Kingdom of Guatemala depended on the vagaries of the market they did not control. For shipping list, we know that slaves came between the 15th and 16th centuries, mostly from
Many of the black slaves who worked in rural areas came, usually of Senegambia. In addition, there were also many slaves bought in
History
Slavery
The first Afro-Guatemalan arrived in Guatemala in 1524 with
In the late seventeenth century, the Afro - descendant was scattered to the south and east of Guatemala and El Salvador. The impact of African immigration in early colonial times was deeper in the sugar mill in
Miscegenation and growth of social status
During colonial times the abolition of slavery in Guatemala was important to the African population. Most Spanish houses of the time in Guatemala, especially in
Between 1595 and 1640, the Spanish crown signed a series of contracts with Portuguese traders to dramatically increase the number of African slaves in America. Many slaves came from the Angolan port of Luanda. Slaves were used as laborers in the sugar cane, since these years were enormously developing sugar production in the territory.[4]
Afro-Guatemalan militias
In 1611, when the free mulattoes helped defeat the Maroons of Tutale, people of African descent were not allowed to officially participate in militia companies. However, Africans and their descendants, even enslaved, had fought with Spanish forces from time to time since the conquest. In the 1630s, a wave of attacks in Centre - America, by corsairs Dutch, French and British persuaded the Audiencia to enlist free people of African descent in regular militia companies, although segregated. In 1673 there were 6 Afro companies in Guatemala and two in El Salvador. Soon there were also places like chivalry in Sonsonate Department and Chiquimula. After early struggles against the corsairs, the Afro militias requested exemption of Laborío Tribute, threatening not to serve if they were not granted the exemption. Because of that, several companies of militia were granted temporary tax exemptions from Laborio during the 1690s, including the San Diego de la Gomera. The militants claimed this success and soon new Exemptions requested when aspirated initials. Soon, the rest of the Afro - descendants also expected to be relieved from the Laborío tribute, and prepared to face the authorities on the subject, rebelling against them.[4]
Garifuna
The Garífuna people originated with the arrival of slaves from West Africa. Who arrived on the shores of the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent around 1635. Approximately 200 years later the descendants living on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent, arrived in Central America. They settled in Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and Nicaragua. Which brought new music, culture, gastronomy, and languages to Central America. People on the Caribbean island of St. Vincent speak Garífuna, an Arawak language.[6]
The Garifuna are the descendants of indigenous Arawak, Kalinago (Island Carib), and Afro-Caribbean people. They are also known as Garínagu, the plural of Garifuna. The founding population, estimated at 2,500 to 5,000 persons, were transplanted to the Central American coast from the Commonwealth Caribbean island of Saint Vincent,[7] known to the Garínagu as Yurumein,[8] now called Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in the Windward Islands in the British West Indies in the Lesser Antilles. By 1981, around 65,000 Black Caribs were living in fifty-four fishing villages in Guatemala, Belize, and Nicaragua.[7] Garifuna communities still live in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and abroad, including Garifuna Americans. Among the Guatemalan cities on the Bay of Amatique percentage of Garifuna is particularly high in Livingston.
Garifuna people in Guatemala: The small, remote town of Livingston in Guatemala's Caribbean coast. Is the main home of the country's Garifuna population, It is built by 53 communities. Approximately 45 villages, 4 farms and 4 hamlets where the most important activity is fishing. Livingston is surrounded by jungle, so the only way to get there is to take a boat (lancha). It is known today as a place to experience the Garifuna culture of Guatemala. At the same time it is a travel destination for visitors in search of a native Caribbean atmosphere.[9]
Garifuna people in Honduras: Today the Garifuna population numbers approximately 100,000 living primarily in cities, and towns along the country's northern coast. Currently travelers who wish to experience elements of Garifuna culture and tradition in Honduras. [10]
Garifuna people in Nicaragua: Nicaragua's population of around 8,000 Garifuna live mainly on Corn Island in the Caribbean Sea. The Garifuna people first arrived in Nicaragua around 1912, when a Garifuna leader, Joseph Sambola, founded the community of Orinoco. [11]
Further reading
- Opie, Frederick Douglass. "Black Americans and the State in Turn-of-the-Century Guatemala", The Amerias, vol. 64 (April 2008), No. 4. pp. 583–609.
Notable People
Notes
References
- ^ "Portal de Resultados del Censo 2018". Censopoblacion.gt. Retrieved 2022-04-14.
- ^ A, Ayah (2021-08-17). "Everything You Need To Know About The History Of Afro-Guatemalans". TravelNoire. Retrieved 2023-12-11.
- ^ Google Books: Rutas de la Esclavitud en África Y América Latina (in Spanish: Routes of Slavery in Africa and Latin America). Page 202. Posted in 2001, by Rina Cáceres Gómez.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Del olvido a la memoria: africanos y afromestizos en la historia colonial de Centroamérica (in spanish: From Oblivion to Memory: Africans and Mulattoes in the colonial history of Central).
- ^ a b Influencia africana (in Spanish: African influence)
- ^ Aroche, Karin. "Historia del pueblo Garífuna en Guatemala". Guatemala.com.
- ^ PMID 7239494.
- ISBN 978-1-317-29065-0.
- ^ Hardman, Jesse. "Garifuna People, History and Culture". Global Sherpa.
- ^ Hardman, Jesse. "Garifuna People, History and Culture". Global Sherpa.
- ^ Hardman, Jesse. "Garifuna People, History and Culture". Global Sherpa.