Agaricales

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Agaricales
Temporal range:
Ma[1]
Agaricus campestris (field mushroom) (Agaricaceae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Subclass: Agaricomycetidae
Order: Agaricales
Underw. (1899)[2]
Subdivisions
46 families, 400+ genera
Synonyms[3]

Amanitales Jülich (1981)
Cortinariales Jülich (1981)
Entolomatales Jülich (1981)
Fistulinales Jülich (1981)
Schizophyllales Nuss (1980)

The Agaricales are an

extinct genera known only from the fossil record.[5][6][1] Species in the Agaricales range from the familiar Agaricus bisporus (cultivated mushroom) and the deadly Amanita virosa (destroying angel) to the coral-like Clavaria zollingeri (violet coral) and bracket-like Fistulina hepatica
(beefsteak fungus).

History, classification and phylogeny

Agaricoid clade
Tricholomatoid clade

Neohygrophorus angelesianus

Catathelasma clade

Mycenaceae

Marasmioid clade
Hygrophoroid clade
Pluteoid clade
Plicaturopsidoid clade
Cladogram of the Agaricales, showing the division into six major clades, based on Matheny et al., 2006.[7]

In his three volumes of

sensu lato: the Agaricales sensu stricto, Boletineae, and Russulales. These groups are still accepted by modern treatments based on DNA analysis, as the euagarics clade, bolete clade, and russuloid clade.[10]

Molecular phylogenetics research has demonstrated that the euagarics clade is roughly equivalent to Singer's Agaricales sensu stricto.[11][12][13] A large-scale study by Brandon Matheny and colleagues used nucleic acid sequences representing six gene regions from 238 species in 146 genera to explore the phylogenetic grouping within the Agaricales. The analysis showed that most of the species tested could be grouped into six clades that were named the Agaricoid, Tricholomatoid, Marasmioid, Pluteoid, Hygrophoroid and Plicaturopsidoid clades.[7]

The bird's nest fungus Cyathus striatus

Molecular studies have shown that agarics are more divergent than once thought. Agarics in the genera

bird's nest fungi, and many clavarioid fungi
, belong in the Agaricales.

Distribution and habitat

Members of the Agaricales are ubiquitous, with species found in all continents. The great majority are terrestrial, in almost every habitat from woodland and grassland to deserts and dunes. Agaricoid species were long thought to be solely terrestrial, until the 2005 discovery of

parasitic on plants or other fungi, and sometimes lichenized
.

the Agaricales include six

New Jersey Amber species Archaeomarasmius leggeti.[5] The three other species, Aureofungus yaniguaensis, Coprinites dominicana and Protomycena electra are known from single specimens found in the Dominican amber mines of Hispaniola.[6]

Genera Incertae sedis

Setchelliogaster is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the Agaricales that is incertae sedis with respect to familial placement.

There are several genera classified in the Agaricales that are i) poorly known, ii) have not been subjected to DNA analysis, or iii) if analysed phylogenetically do not group with as yet named or identified families, and have not been assigned to a specific family (i.e., Incertae sedis with respect to familial placement). These include:

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 28591180
    .
  2. ^ Underwood LM. (1899). Moulds, mildews and mushrooms: a guide to the systematic study of the Fungi and Mycetozoa and their literature. New York, New York: Henry Holt. p. 97.
  3. ^ "Agaricales Underw. 1899". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2010-12-30.
  4. ^ "Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  5. ^
    PMID 17512712
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 21148976
    .(subscription required)
  7. ^
    PMID 17486974. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2016-03-03.
  8. ISBN 978-0-85199-826-8
    .
  9. ISBN 978-3-87429-254-2
    .
  10. ISBN 978-3-540-58008-9
    .
  11. PMID 9342352
    .
  12. PMID 12118409
    .
  13. PMID 12099793
    .
  14. S2CID 7175296
    .
  15. ^ Jacobsson S, Larsson E (2007). "Hemistropharia, a new genus in Agaricales". Mycotaxon. 102: 235–40.

External links

Wikispecies has information related to Agaricales.
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