Ahmed II
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Ahmed II | |||||
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Ottoman Caliph Amir al-Mu'minin Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques | |||||
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (Padishah) | |||||
Reign | 22 June 1691 – 6 February 1695 | ||||
Predecessor | Suleiman II | ||||
Successor | Mustafa II | ||||
Born | 25 February 1643 or 1 August 1642 Constantinople, Ottoman Empire | ||||
Died | 6 February 1695 Edirne, Ottoman Empire | (aged 51)||||
Burial | Süleymaniye Mosque, Istanbul, Turkey | ||||
Consort | Rabia Sultan Şayeste Hatun | ||||
Issue | Şehzade Ibrahim Şehzade Selim Asiye Sultan Atike Sultan (disputed) Hatice Sultan | ||||
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Dynasty | Ottoman | ||||
Father | Ibrahim | ||||
Mother | Muazzez Sultan | ||||
Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||
Tughra |
Ahmed II (
Early life
Ahmed II was born on 25 February 1643 or 1 August 1642, the son of Sultan
Reign
During his reign, Ahmed II devoted most of his attention to the wars against the
Among the most important features of Ahmed's reign was his reliance on
Fazıl Mustafa Pasha's victory at Belgrade was a major military achievement that gave the Ottomans hope that the military debacles of the 1680s—which had led to the loss of Hungary and Transylvania, an Ottoman vassal principality ruled by pro-Istanbul Hungarian princes—could be reversed. However, the Ottoman success proved ephemeral. On 19 August 1691, Fazıl Mustafa Pasha suffered a devastating defeat at the Battle of Slankamen at the hands of Louis William, the Habsburg commander in chief in Hungary, nicknamed “Türkenlouis” (Louis the Turk) for his victories against the Ottomans. In the confrontation, recognized by contemporaries as “the bloodiest battle of the century,” the Ottomans suffered heavy losses: 20,000 men, including the grand vizier. With him, the sultan lost his most capable military commander and the last member of the Köprülü family, who for the previous half century had been instrumental in strengthening the Ottoman military.
Under Fazıl Mustafa Pasha's successors, the Ottomans suffered further defeats. In June 1692 the Habsburgs conquered
Family
Consorts
Ahmed II had two known consorts:
- Rabia Sultan (Born in 1670-died Eski Palace, Istanbul, 14 January 1712, buried in Suleiman I Mausoleum, Süleymaniye Mosque). Ahmed II's most beloved consort and the last haseki sultan of the Ottoman Empire;[2]
- Şayeste Hatun(Born in 1671-died 1710, Eski Palace, Istanbul).[3] Second concubine of Ahmed II, perhaps mother of his others daughters.
Sons
Ahmed II had two sons:
- Şehzade Ibrahim (Edirne Palace, Edirne, 6 October 1692[4] – Topkapı Palace, Istanbul, 4 May 1714, buried in Mustafa I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia), with Rabia Sultan, Selim's twin, became crown prince on 22 August 1703 until his death;
- Şehzade Selim (Edirne Palace, Edirne, 6 October 1692 – Edirne Palace, Edirne, 15 May 1693, buried in Sultan Mustafa Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia), with Rabia Sultan, Ibrahim's twin.[4]
Daughters
Ahmed II had two or three daughters:
- Asiye Sultan[5] (Edirne Palace, Edirne, 23 October 1694[4] – Eski Palace, Bayezid, Istanbul, 9 December 1695, buried in Suleiman I Mausoleum, Süleymaniye Mosque), with Rabia Sultan;
- Atike Sultan (born 24 October 1694).[6] Her existence is controversial: due to the similar name and almost identical date of birth some historians believe she may be Asiye herself, whose birth was recorded incorrectly by some or that Atike was Asiye's second name. If she really was a different princess, she was probably the daughter of Şayeste Hatun.
- Hatice Sultan,[6] probably with Şayeste Hatun. Died in infancy.
In addition to his daughters, Ahmed II was deeply attached to his niece
References
Citations
- ^ Mantran 2012, first date according to Naima, second date to Raşid.
- ^ Uluçay 1980, p. 114.
- ^ Sakaoğlu 2015, p. 390.
- ^ a b c Mehmed Agha 2012, pp. 1466–67, 1483–84, 1580.
- ^ Uluçay 1980, p. 115.
- ^ a b Uluçay 1980, pp. 114–115.
- ^ Uluçay 2011, p. 111.
- ^ Uluçay 1992, p. 111.
Sources
- Mantran, R. (24 April 2012). Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). "Aḥmad II". Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. .
- Mehmed Agha, Silahdar Findiklili (2012). ZEYL-İ FEZLEKE (1065-22 Ca.1106 / 1654-7 Şubat 1695). pp. 1466–67, 1483–84, 1580.
- Sakaoğlu, Necdet (2015). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları : valide sultanlar, hatunlar, hasekiler, kadinefendiler, sultanefendiler [The Female Sultans of This Property : Valide Sultans, Hatuns, Hasekis, Ladies and Gentlemen]. İstanbul: Alfa publications. ISBN 9786051710792.
- Uluçay, M. Çağatay (1980). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları (in Turkish). Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- Uluçay, M. Çağatay (1992). Padişahların Kadınları ve Kızları. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevı. ISBN 978-9-751-60461-3.
- Uluçay, Mustafa Çağatay (2011). Padişahların kadınları ve kızları. Ankara: Ötüken.
Further reading
- Finkel, Caroline (2005). Osman's Dream: The Story of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1923. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-02396-7.
- Michael Hochendlinger, Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797 (London: Longman, 2003), 157–64.
External links
Media related to Ahmed II at Wikimedia Commons
Works by or about Ahmed II at Wikisource