Aix-en-Provence

This takes place each year in June to coincide with the national 'Fête de la Musique.' There is a week of classical, jazz, and popular concerts held in different street venues and courtyards in the city. Some of these events are held in the Conservatoire Darius Milhaud, named in honour of the French composer, a native of Aix.

Dance

The dance company Ballet Preljocaj of the French dancer and choreographer Angelin Preljocaj has been located in Aix since 1996. In 2007 it took up residence in the Pavillon Noir, a centre for dance performance, designed in 1999 by the architect Rudy Ricciotti. The centre is one of nineteen of its kind in France, designated Centre chorégraphique national.

European Capital of Culture

Aix-en-Provence was part of Marseille-Provence 2013, the year-long cultural festival when the region served as the European Capital of Culture. Aix hosted several major cultural events including one half of the Grand Atelier du Midi gala exhibition and an episode of the Révélations pyrotechnical performance. The city also unveiled major new cultural infrastructure to coincide with Marseille-Provence 2013, including the Darius Milhaud Conservatory designed by Kengo Kuma.

Museums and libraries

Aix has several museums and galleries:

• Le Musée du Vieil Aix (Museum of Old Aix), housed in two period "hôtels particuliers" and devoted to the history and provencal heritage of Aix.
• Le
  Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle
  (Natural History Museum).
• Le Musée de Tapisseries (Tapestry Museum), housed in the Archbishop's Palace and with a collection of tapestries and furniture from the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Le Musée Paul Arbaud (Faïence/Pottery).
• Le
  Dubuffet
  . The full collection will be housed in a specially constructed annex in the Chapelle des Pénitents Blancs, situated nearby: the expected opening is in 2013.
• Le Pavillon de Vendôme, a 17th-century mansion housing permanent and touring art exhibitions.
• The Fondation Vasarely, a gallery dedicated to the works of the Hungarian-born French abstract painter Victor Vasarely.
• Le Camp des Milles
• L'atelier Cézanne, the former studio of Paul Cézanne, now a museum, located in the northern outskirts of Aix. It has been preserved as it was at the time of the painter's death and contains many of his personal items and props used in his paintings.
• Jas de Bouffan, the house and grounds of Cézanne's father, now partially open to the public.

Prior to 1989 Aix had several libraries, for example in the Parc Jourdan and the Town Hall. In 1989, many of these were moved to the Méjanes, an old match factory.

In 1993, the "Cité du Livre" was opened around the library. This has media spaces for dance, cinema and music, and a training facility for librarians. Adjacent to the Cité du Livre are the Grand Théâtre de Provence and the Pavillon Noir (see above).

Montagne Sainte-Victoire

To the east of Aix rises Montagne Sainte-Victoire (1,011 metres or 3,317 feet), one of the landmarks of the Pays d'Aix. It is accessible from the centre of Aix by road or on foot, taking the wooded footpath of Escrachou Pevou to the plateau of Bibemus.^[23] It dramatically overshadows the small dam built by Émile Zola's father and was a favourite subject and haunt of Paul Cézanne throughout his lifetime. In the village of Le Tholonet on the precipitous southern side of Mont Sainte-Victoire, there is a windmill that he used, and beyond that a mountain hut, the refuge Cézanne, where he liked to paint.

To the north, the mountain slopes gently down through woodland to the village of Vauvenargues. The Château of Vauvenargues overlooking the village was formerly occupied by the counts of Provence (including René of Anjou) and the Archbishops of Aix before it became the family home of the marquis de Vauvenargues.^[24] It was acquired by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso in 1958, who was resident there from 1959 until 1962, when he moved to Mougins. He and his wife Jacqueline are buried in its grounds,^{[25] [26][27]} which are not usually open to the public. From 2009 onwards, the château, which now belongs to Jacqueline's daughter Catherine Hutin, has been open to the public from June to September.^[28]

Mont Sainte-Victoire has a complex network of paths, leading to the priory and Croix de Provence at the summit, to the large man-made reservoir of Bimont and to the Roman viaduct above le Tholonet.

Sport

• Association football is represented in the city by Pays d'Aix Football Club, until 2014 known as AS Aix-en-Provence. Their best result was playing in French Division 1 in the 1967–68 season, but recent years see the team playing in amateur levels of the French football league system.
• Rugby union club
  Rugby Pro D2
  , the second-tier French league.
• French First League of Handball
  .
• American football team
  Ligue Élite de Football Américain a total of eight times and is one of the most successful teams in the country. They were finalist of the 1996 Eurobowl
  .
• The city hosts a professional tennis tournament on the ATP Challenger Tour. It is held every May at the Country Club Aixois.
• Former world number one squash player Grégory Gaultier lives in Aix-en-Provence.
• The city hosted Ukraine's football base camp during Euro 2016.^[29]
• The city holds a junior fencing World Cup event for men's foil in January of each year. Local fencer Erwann Le Péchoux was part of the team that won the gold medal in men's team foil at the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Economy

Industries formerly included flour-milling, the manufacture of confectionery, iron-ware, hats, matches and the extraction of olive oil.^[30]

Current economic activities include:

• Tourism.
• Entertainment, particularly opera and dance.
• The semiconductor and electronics industry in Rousset, to the south of Mont Ste.-Victoire, specializing in microchip technology for credit cards.
• Education and research. In Aix the
  University of Aix-Marseille specializes in the humanities
  , law and economics.
• The computer software industry.
• The manufacture of
  santons, traditional hand-crafted figurines, often associated with provencal Christmas creches
  .
• The manufacture of olive oil.
• The manufacture of
  medieval church of St Jean de Malte to bless the calissons – la bénédiction des calissons. This ceremony has been held since the 17th century to mark the deliverance of Aix from the plague. It is currently accompanied by a colourful provencal pageant, involving most of the local calisson manufacturers and their wares. About calissons, Provençal novelist Marcel Pagnol wrote that, to make true calissons "'You need one-third almonds, one-third fruit confits, one-third sugar, and a quarter savoir faire.''^[32]
• cabernet sauvignon, and notably vermentino.^[36]

• Chocolate: the well known Chocolaterie de Puyricard is situated in the hills to the north of Aix.^[37]
• Saffron: The Safranière de Provence is an organic saffron producer situated near Aix-en-Provence.^[38]

The airline Twin Jet has its head office in Aix-en-Provence.^[39]

From 1990 to 2000, criminal organizations established complex extortion rings in Marseille extending to Aix-en-Provence and the greater French Riviera. Since 2002, Le Milieu is known for, in addition to its extortion rings, large counterfeiting and white-collar crime operations. Due to increased financial regulation, Le Milieu has collectively pushed to integrate their crime profits into the legal economy.^{[citation needed]}

Demographics

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 27,000 —     1800 21,009 −3.52% 1806 21,960 +0.74% 1821 22,412 +0.14% 1831 22,575 +0.07% 1836 24,660 +1.78% 1841 26,698 +1.60% 1846 27,280 +0.43% 1851 27,255 −0.02% 1856 26,136 −0.83% 1861 27,659 +1.14% 1866 28,152 +0.35% 1872 29,020 +0.51% 1876 28,693 −0.28% 1881 29,257 +0.39% 1886 29,057 −0.14% 1891 28,357 −0.49% 1896 28,913 +0.39%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 29,418 +0.35% 1906 29,829 +0.28% 1911 29,836 +0.00% 1921 29,983 +0.05% 1926 35,106 +3.21% 1931 38,332 +1.77% 1936 42,615 +2.14% 1946 46,053 +0.78% 1954 54,217 +2.06% 1962 67,943 +2.86% 1968 89,566 +4.71% 1975 110,659 +3.07% 1982 121,327 +1.32% 1990 123,842 +0.26% 1999 133,018 +0.80% 2007 143,404 +0.94% 2012 141,148 −0.32% 2017 142,482 +0.19%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS[40] and INSEE (1968-2017)[41]

Politics

The current mayor of Aix-en-Provence is Sophie Joissains, elected on September 24, 2021.^[42]

List of successive mayors

term	Name	Party
2021–incumbent	Sophie Joissains	UDI
2001–2021	Maryse Joissains-Masini	LR
1989–2001	Jean-François Picheral	PS
1983–1989	Jean-Pierre de Peretti	UDF
1978–1983	Alain Joissains	UDF
1967–1978	Félix Ciccolini	PS
1945–1967	Henri Mouret

Presidential Elections Second Round:

Election		Winning Candidate	Party	%
	2017[43]	Emmanuel Macron	EM	73.59
	2012	Nicolas Sarkozy	UMP	53.09
	2007	Nicolas Sarkozy	UMP	57.30
	2002	Jacques Chirac	RPR	80.74

Transport

Aix-en-Provence TGV railway station

.

A set of ancient roads radiate out from Aix to the surrounding countryside, the Pays d'Aix. There are also a large number of modern

nearby TGV station

at l'Arbois, in the middle of the countryside about 16 kilometres (10 mi) from Aix.

At Aix, the line from Paris branches to Marseille and Nice; it takes about 3 hours to get from Paris to Aix by TGV. Aix also has a railway station near the centre,

Gare d'Aix-en-Provence, with connections to Marseille, Pertuis and Briançon in the French Alps. A frequent and rapid shuttle bus service for commuters operates between the bus station in Aix and Marseille. There are many other long distance and local buses from the bus station. The city also offers a "city pass" available in 24, 48, and 72-hour packages for visiting tourists.^[44] The "pass tourisitque" is offered at the Aix-en-Provence Tourist Office, the Atelier de Cézanne, and the official Aix tourism website.^[44]

In the town itself, there is an inexpensive municipal bus service, including a dial-a-bus service ("proxibus"), a

park-and-ride service and tiny electrified buses for those with mobility problems – these are six-seater vehicles that circulate at a speed of 16 km/h (10 mph).^[45] The central old town of Aix is for the most part pedestrianised. There are large underground and overground parking structures placed at regular intervals on the "boulevard exterieur", the predominantly one-way ring road that encircles the old town. Access to the old town is by a series of often narrow one-way streets that can be confusing to navigate for the uninitiated.^[46][47]

As well as overland routes, two "rivers" flow through Aix, the Arc and the Torse, but neither of which can remotely be described as navigable.

Miscellaneous

The local Aix dialect, rarely used and spoken by a rapidly decreasing number of people, is part of the provencal dialect of the Occitan language. The provencal for "Aix-en-Provence" is "Ais de Prouvènço" [ˈaj de pʀuˈvɛ̃sɔ]. Most of the older streets in Aix have names in both Provençal and French.

Aix hosted the ninth

International Congress of Modern Architecture

in 1953.

Aix is the home town of the

All Blacks during the early stages of the 2007 Rugby World Cup.^[48][49]

Ysabel, the tenth novel of the best-selling Canadian author Guy Gavriel Kay, was set and written in Aix.

Italian electroacoustic artist Giuseppe Ielasi's album Aix^[50] was produced in Aix-en-Provence, hence the title.

This is also the site of an alleged sighting and landing of a UFO in 1981 that is taken seriously by GEIPAN, the department within the French Space Agency responsible for investigating aerospace phenomena.^[51]

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Aix-en-Provence is twinned with:^[52]

• Ashkelon, Israel (1995)
• Bath, England, United Kingdom (1977)
• Carthage, Tunisia (1993)
• Coimbra, Portugal (1982)
• Granada, Spain (1979)
• Perugia, Italy (1970)
• Tübingen, Germany (1960)

Friendship and cooperation

Aix-en-Provence also cooperates with:^[52]

• Baalbek, Lebanon (2003)
• Bamako, Mali (2003)
• Baton Rouge, United States (1999)
• Coral Gables, United States (1997)
• Kumamoto, Japan (2013)
• Oujda, Morocco (1998)
• Pécs, Hungary (2011)
• Philadelphia, United States (1998)

Notable people

• Eleanor of Provence (died 1291), queen consort of King Henry III of England
• Charles Annibal Fabrot (1580–1659), jurist
• David-Augustin de Brueys (1640–1723), theologian and playwright
• Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656–1708), botanist
• André Campra (1660–1744), composer and conductor
• Jean-Baptiste van Loo (1684–1745), painter
• Laurent Belissen (1693–1762), composer
• Louis XV of France
• moralist
• Joseph Sec (1715–1794), carpenter and architect
• Jean-François Pierre Peyron (1744–1814), painter
• Jean-Baptiste Giraud (1752–1830), sculptor
• Toussaint-Bernard Éméric-David
  (1755–1839), archeologist and arts writer
• Antoine Balthazar Joachim d'André (1759–1825), member of the National Constituent Assembly of 1789
• François Marius Granet (1775–1849), painter
• bishop of Marseille and founder of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate
• Eliza Courtney (1792–1859), illegitimate daughter of the Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey and Georgiana Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
• François Mignet (1796–1884), historian
• François Vincent Latil (1796–1890), painter
• Achille Emperaire
  (1829–1898), painter
• François Vidal (1832–1911), Occitan poet and activist
• Paul Cézanne (1839–1906), painter
• Philippe Solari (1840–1906), sculptor
• Baptistin Baille (1841–1918), professor of optics and acoustics
• Maurice Rouvier (1842–1911), politician
• Alfred Capus (1858–1922), journalist and playwright
• Henri Brémond (1864–1933), theologian
• Shuadit
• Paul Veyne (1930–2022), historian and archeologist
• Jacques Pellegrin (1944–2021), painter
• Henri Michel (1947–2018), football player and coach
• Jean-Pierre Bréhier (born 1952), chef
• Didier Delsalle (born 1957), pilot
• Frédéric Fekkai (born 1958), celebrity hairstylist
• Tristan-Patrice Challulau (born 1959), classical composer
• Jean-Paul Delfino (born 1964), writer
• Julia Zemiro (born 1967), Australian television presenter and actress
• Hélène Grimaud (born 1969), concert pianist
• Franck Cammas (born 1972), yachtsman
• Marc Béziat (born 1975), music composer
• Arnaud Clément (born 1977), tennis player
• Célimène Daudet (born 1977), classical pianist
• Mylène Jampanoï (born 1980), actress
• Ouissem Belgacem (born 1988), former football player, writer
• Paris Laxmi (born 1991), Indian dancer

Notable residents

• provencal tradition evangelised Aix with Mary Magdalene
• relics
  are preserved in the Cathedral
• René of Anjou (1409–1480), Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence
• Barthélemy d'Eyck (c. 1420 – after 1470), painter
• Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580–1637), scientist best known for his correspondence
• Jean Daret (1613–1668), painter, died here
• Pierre Joseph Garidel (1658–1737), botanist
• Claude Arnulphy (1697–1786), painter
• Jean-Baptiste Marie de Piquet, Marquis of Méjanes
  (1729–1786), who bequeathed to the town his collection of between 60 and 80 thousand books, which later became the municipal library, the Bibliothèque Méjanes
• Jean de Dieu-Raymond de Cucé de Boisgelin (1732–1804), Archbishop of Aix
• Victor d'Hupay (1746–1818), writer and philosopher
• Jean-Antoine Constantin (1756–1844), painter
• Antoine de L'Hoyer (1768–1852), composer, guitarist and soldier
• clerk of court
  and historian
• Émile Zola (1840–1902), novelist, spent his childhood here
• Joseph Ravaisou (1865–1925), painter, died here
• Louise Germain (1874–1939), painter, died here
• Joseph d'Arbaud (1874–1950), poet, died here
• Darius Milhaud (1892–1984), composer and teacher^[53][54]
• Roland de Pury (1907–1979), Swiss minister, died here
• Nina Simone (1933–2003), American singer, songwriter, pianist, civil rights activist, lived here in 1993–2003
• Christophe Rousset (born 1961), conductor and harpsichordist, grew up here
• Charles Trenet (1942–2001), poet, painter and singer, wrote several evergreens here
• Bradley Cooper (born 1975), American actor, spent 6 months as an exchange student here whilst studying an English major and French minor at Georgetown University.
• Grégory Gaultier (born 1982), 2015 squash world champion

Gallery

• 
  Medieval town wall near Roman baths
• 
  Place des Tanneurs
• 
  Statue of le Roi René
• 
  Detail of le Roi René
• 
  Place des Quatre Dauphins, towards the Boulevard extérieur
• 
  The archbishop's palace, opera house and tapestry museum
• 
  Clock tower, Hotel de Ville
• 
  Detail of mechanical clock
• 
  Bureau de Poste
• 
  Aix Cathedral, Dome
• 
  Aix Cathedral
• 
  St Jean de Malte, rue Cardinale
• 
  Église de la Madeleine, place des Precheurs
• 
  Jas de Bouffan, Paul Cézanne
• 
  Jas de Bouffan, Paul Cézanne
• 
  The Pavillon Vendôme
• 
  Mural advertisement
• 
  Atlas on a doorway in Aix
• 
  The place d'Albertas
• 
  Fountain in the place d'Albertas
• 
  Door carving in Aix
• 
  Mechanical clock, place des Precheurs
• 
  Daily vegetable market, place Richelme
• 
  Provençal confectionery
• 
  Baroque fountain in Aix
• 
  Provençal House
• 
  Provençal market
• 
  The modern spa in Aix
• 
  The Vasarely Foundation
• 
  Rue des Cordeliers
• 
  Flower market on Place de l'Hôtel de Ville and the Clock Tower in Aix-en-Provence.
• 
  House where painter Paul Cézanne died in 1906 in Aix-en-Provence

See also

• Aix-en-Provence possessions: In 1611, Father Louis Gaufridi was accused of causing demonic possession in the Ursuline nuns at Aix.
• Aurelian Way
• Speech and language laboratory (CNRS)
• List of works by Auguste Carli
• List of works by Louis Botinelly

Notes

1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 4 May 2022.
2. ^ "Populations légales 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
3. ^ "Aix-en-Provence". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
4. ^ "Aix-en-Provence". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
5. ^ "Aix-en-Provence". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
6. ^ French: [ɛksɑ̃ pʁɔvɑ̃s] ^ⓘ; Provençal: Ais de Provença in classical norm, or Ais de Prouvènço in Mistralian norm, (However, with the preposition a/à 'to', the forms are as Ais/à-z-Ais [aˈzaj]). pronounced [ˈajz de pʀuˈvɛnsɔ]
7. ^ ^{a b c d} Chisholm 1911, p. 447.
8. ^ « Histoire d'Aix » Archived 4 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, site de l'office du tourisme d'Aix-en-Provence.
9. ^ cf Jerome, letter cxxiii, To Ageruchia, 8, 409 A.D.
10. ^ "La Seds". Mairie d'Aix-en-Provence (in French). 23 April 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022.
11. ^ de Grazia, Alfred; de Grazia, Ami. "The Dragon at the bus-stop". Q-mag.org. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
12. ^ "Tourist office; the climate of Aix". Aixenprovencetourism.com. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
13. ^ "Aix en Provence (13)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1981–2010 et records (in French). Meteo France. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 March 2018. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
14. ISBN 978-2-903449-92-6
    .
15. ^ "Aix : les "2G" totalement détruits par un incendie". La Provence. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
16. ISBN 2-06-137503-0
    , pages 67–68.
17. ^ "Tourist office: Old Aix". Aixenprovencetourism.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
18. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911.
19. ISBN 2-7384-8022-5
    , page 66, "la ville aux mille fontaines"
20. ISBN 0-320-03732-0
    ., page 69. The fountain was built in 1667,
21. ^ "Website of the Musée Granet". Museegranet-aixenprovence.fr. Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
22. ^ "Reopening of the Musée Granet in Aix-en-Provence". The Art Tribune. 20 August 2007. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
23. ^ "Montagne Ste-Victoire, Aix-en-Provence, Gardanne, Trets". La Carte de Randonnée, 1;25,000. 3244 ET. Institut Géographique National. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
24. ^ Mairie of Vauvenargues, History and heritage Archived 18 May 2020 at the Wayback Machine (in French)
25. ISBN 88-304-0863-8
    .
26. ^ "Pablo Picasso's Last Days and Final Journey". Time. 23 April 1973.
27. ISBN 978-2-9534525-0-1
    .
28. ^ Château of Vauvenargues, official web site
29. ^ Ribeiro, Benjamin. "Euro 2016: Aix, camp de base de l'Ukraine" Archived 26 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, aix-international.com (in French). Retrieved on 18 March 2016.
30. ISBN 2-85744-237-8
    .
31. ISSN 0362-4331
    . Retrieved 24 November 2019.
32. ^ "France battles China over sweets trademark". 16 November 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
33. ^
    ISBN 0-7513-0342-9
    .
34. ^ "Official website for Château Simone". Chateau-simone.fr. Archived from the original on 10 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
35. ^ "Guide des Vins – Château Crémade" (in French). Guidevins.com. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
36. ^ "Aix en Provence Office de Tourisme". Archived from the original on 3 February 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2019.
37. ^ "The Chocolaterie of Puyricard". Puyricard.fr. Archived from the original on 21 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
38. ^ "Saffron of Provence". safranieredeprovence.com. Retrieved 19 October 2021.
39. ^ "The company: Company information." Twin Jet. Retrieved on 8 July 2010. "Address : TWIN JET 1070 rue du lieutenant Parayre BP 30370 13799 AIX EN PROVENCE CEDEX 3 "
40. ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Aix-en-Provence, EHESS (in French).
41. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
42. ^ "Sophie Joissains succède à sa mère à la mairie d'Aix-en-Provence".
43. ^ "Résultats élections: Aix-en-Provence". Le Monde.fr.
44. ^ ^{a b} "Aix-en-Provence City Pass | Aix en Provence │ Office de Tourisme". Aix-en-Provence Tourist Office. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
45. ^ "BILAN 2001/06: la ville á visage humain" (PDF). 27 February 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 March 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
46. ^ Aix-en-Provence, Plan Guide Blay-Foldex.
47. ^ "Map of central Aix". Archived from the original on 31 May 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
48. ^ "Just Sport – New Zealand's Sports Network – What's Up : RWC 2007 Commentators Blog". Radio Sport. 21 October 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
49. ^ "All Blacks dazzled by haka ballet – rugbyheaven07.com.au". Rugbyheaven.com.au. 28 September 2007. Archived from the original on 30 July 2008. Retrieved 22 May 2009.
50. ^ "Aix, 12k records". 13 January 2009. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
51. ^ "Why the French state has a team of UFO hunters By Chris Bockman". BBC News. 4 November 2014. Retrieved 4 November 2014.
52. ^ ^{a b} "Les villes partenaires". aixenprovence.fr (in French). Aix-en-Provence. 20 October 2020. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
53. ^ Jessula, Georges (2003). "Darius Milhaud, Compositeur de Musique". Revue Juive: 140–144. Since their marriage in 1892, Milhaud's parents lived in the Bras d'Or in Aix-en-Provence, where their son grew up; however he was delivered at the home of his maternal grandparents in Marseille.
54. ISBN 2-87750-083-7
    .

Explanatory footnotes

References

• Busquet, Raoul (1954). Histoire de la Provençade des origines à la révolution française. Éditions Jeanne Lafitte.
  ISBN 2-86276-319-5
  .

Attribution

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Aix". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 447.

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Aix-en-Provence

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aix-en-Provence.

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Aix-en-Provence.

• Aix en Provence Tourist office website (in English)
• Official site of the town Aix-en-Provence (in French)