Ajax, Ontario
Ajax | |
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Town of Ajax | |
905, 289, 365, and 742 | |
Website | www |
Ajax (/ˈeɪdʒæks/; 2021 population: 126,666) is a waterfront town in Durham Region in Southern Ontario, Canada, located in the eastern part of the Greater Toronto Area.[1]
The town is named for
History
The
After the
In the mid-19th century, Audley, a smaller community, emerged as a stopover on the route to the port of Whitby.[11] By the 20th century, much of the area of present-day Ajax had been converted into farmland. In 1926, James Tuckett of Toronto bought lakeshore farmland, and started the development of the Pickering Beach cottage community, which later became a permanent settlement.[12]
After the start of the World War II in 1939, the Government of Canada
After the plant shut down in 1945, the site was used as a war surplus warehouse and sales outlet,[19] a University of Toronto campus (1946-1949),[20] and a holding camp for war refugees from Europe (1949-1953).[21] The government mandated the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC) to develop the site and its surrounding area into a modern industrial town. George Finley, the CMHC manager of the area, planned new housing subdivisions, commercial centres, and industrial areas.[22]
In 1950, Ajax was incorporated as an Improvement District, a form of local administration managed by the
In the early 1970s, the Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (MTRCA) acquired much of the land along the lakeshore. In the Pickering Beach area, several homes, a church, and a school were demolished to make way for a parkland.[26]
On 1 January 1974, Ajax became a part of the newly formed Regional Municipality of Durham, which manages functions common to multiple municipalities in the region. The boundaries of the town of Ajax were expanded to include several areas of the former Pickering Township, including Pickering Village, Pickering Beach, and Audley.[27]
Geography
Ajax is bordered to the west and north by the City of Pickering, to the east by the Town of Whitby and to the south by Lake Ontario.
Neighbourhoods
The town is made up of the following neighbourhoods:[28]
- Applecroft
- Audley North
- Audley Road Business Area
- Audley South
- Carruthers Creek
- Carruthers Creek Business Area
- Central Employment Area
- Clover Ridge
- Deer Creek
- Discovery Bay
- Downtown
- Duffins Bay
- Duffins Crossing
- Hermitage
- Lake Vista
- Lakeside
- Meadow Ridge
- Memorial Village
- Midtown
- Nottingham
- Pickering Beach
- Riverside
- Salem Business Area
- Salem Heights
- South Greenwood
- Southwood
- Village, better known as Pickering Village
- Westney Heights
Downtown Ajax
Ajax Council and a private developer entered into an agreement in 2012 for the purchase and sale of 9 acres (3.6 ha) of vacant town-owned land at the corner of Bayly Street and Harwood Avenue. Called "Pat Bayly Square", it will provide residential, retail and office space, as well as a civic square and civic facility.[29] Pat Bayly Square opened in September 2018.
Local government
Ajax is governed by an elected town
The members of the council elected in the 2022 municipal election are:[30]
Mayor: Shaun Collier
Regional Councillors:
- Ward 1: Marilyn Crawford
- Ward 2: Sterling Lee
- Ward 3: Joanne Dies
Councillors:
- Ward 1: Rob Tyler-Morin
- Ward 2: Nancy Henry
- Ward 3: Lisa Bower
In the past, Council has sat for a three-year term, but the Ontario Legislature increased the length of municipal council terms in Ontario to four years, in 2006.[31] In 2018, Ajax Council shifted from two regional councillors and four local councillors to three regional councillors and three local councillors.[32]
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1956 | 5,683 | — |
1961 | 7,755 | +36.5% |
1971 | 12,515 | +61.4% |
1981 | 25,474 | +103.5% |
1986 | 36,550 | +43.5% |
1991 | 57,350 | +56.9% |
2021 | 126,666 | +5.8% |
[33][34] |
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Ajax had a population of 126,666 living in 39,488 of its 40,275 total private dwellings, a change of 5.8% from its 2016 population of 119,677. With a land area of 66.64 km2 (25.73 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,900.8/km2 (4,922.9/sq mi) in 2021.[35]
According to the 2021 Census, the median age is 38.4 years, around 3 years less than the national average of 41.6 years; 18.8% of the population is under 15 years of age while 13.1% are 65 and over.[36]
According to the 2016 Census, among those 25 to 64 years old, the highest levels of education are as follows: 66.6% of people have a post-secondary certificate, diploma, or degree, 25.3% have a high school diploma or equivalency certificate, and 8.2% have no certificate, diploma, or degree.[37]
As of 2021, the median value of dwellings in Ajax is $850,000 compared to the provincial median value of $700,496, and the national figure of $472,000.[36]
As of 2021, 92% of Ajax's residents are Canadian citizens, with 42% being immigrants. 8% of the population immigrated between 2011 and 2021. The main places of birth of the immigrant population are India (13%), Sri Lanka (11%), Jamaica (10%), Philippines (8%), Pakistan (8%), Guyana (6%), United Kingdom (5%), Trinidad and Tobago (4%), Afghanistan (4%), and China (3%). Among the 5010 recent immigrants, who immigrated between 2016 and 2021, 34% were from India.[36]
Ethnicity
According to the 2021 Census, the main self-reported ethnic and cultural origins included English (12%), Indian (10%), Canadian (9%), Irish (9%), Scottish (9%), Jamaican (6%), Filipino (5%), Pakistani (5%), Sri Lankan (4%), Chinese (4%), and Tamil (4%). 65% of the town's population comprises visible minority, with the biggest of these groups being South Asian (26.2%), Black (16.8%), Filipino (5.3%), Chinese (3%), West Asian (3%), Arab (2%), and Latin American (1.3%). 3% of the people identify as belonging to multiple visible minority groups. Those with only indigenous ancestry make up 0.23% of the population, while those with mixed indigenous and non-indigenous ancestry make up 1.03% of the population.[36] Ajax has the highest Black population percentage of any major Canadian municipality (population above 100,000).[citation needed]
Panethnic group |
2021[38] | 2016[39] | 2011[40] | 2006[41] | 2001[42] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
European[a] | 43,415 | 34.39% | 50,450 | 42.33% | 58,145 | 53.24% | 57,125 | 63.59% | 55,280 | 75.19% |
South Asian | 33,055 | 26.18% | 24,895 | 20.89% | 15,025 | 13.76% | 9,735 | 10.84% | 4,035 | 5.49% |
African
|
21,210 | 16.8% | 19,860 | 16.66% | 17,510 | 16.03% | 11,680 | 13% | 7,090 | 9.64% |
Southeast Asian[b] | 7,495 | 5.94% | 6,350 | 5.33% | 5,465 | 5% | 3,115 | 3.47% | 1,525 | 2.07% |
Middle Eastern[c] | 6,250 | 4.95% | 4,880 | 4.09% | 2,935 | 2.69% | 1,855 | 2.06% | 1,200 | 1.63% |
East Asian[d] | 4,240 | 3.36% | 3,790 | 3.18% | 3,065 | 2.81% | 2,430 | 2.7% | 1,570 | 2.14% |
Latin American | 1,695 | 1.34% | 1,670 | 1.4% | 1,065 | 0.98% | 705 | 0.78% | 415 | 0.56% |
Indigenous | 1,270 | 1.01% | 1,190 | 1% | 1,080 | 0.99% | 705 | 0.78% | 370 | 0.5% |
Other[e] | 7,615 | 6.03% | 6,095 | 5.11% | 4,925 | 4.51% | 2,485 | 2.77% | 2,040 | 2.77% |
Total responses | 126,245 | 99.67% | 119,180 | 99.58% | 109,220 | 99.65% | 89,835 | 99.63% | 73,520 | 99.68% |
Total population | 126,666 | 100% | 119,677 | 100% | 109,600 | 100% | 90,167 | 100% | 73,753 | 100% |
- Note: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Religion
According to the 2021 Census, the largest religion in Ajax is Christianity (50.83%), with Catholics making up the largest group (22.25%). The next most reported religions are Islam (14.08%) and Hinduism (11.62%). 20.77% of the population reported no religious affiliation.[36]
Language
According to the 2021 census,
Language | Population | % |
---|---|---|
English (including multiple responses) | 89180 | 70.55% |
Tamil | 6355 | 5.03% |
Urdu | 4620 | 3.65% |
Tagalog (Filipino) | 2840 | 2.25% |
French (including multiple responses) | 2340 | 1.85% |
Dari | 1910 | 1.51% |
Arabic | 1540 | 1.22% |
Gujarati | 1515 | 1.20% |
Spanish | 1300 | 1.03% |
Mandarin | 1280 | 1.01% |
Punjabi | 1220 | 0.97% |
Bengali | 1150 | 0.91% |
Hindi | 1020 | 0.81% |
Yue (Cantonese) | 1005 | 0.80% |
Italian | 690 | 0.55% |
Language | Population | % |
---|---|---|
English | 123690 | 97.97% |
French | 9500 | 7.52% |
Tamil | 9145 | 7.24% |
Urdu | 8040 | 6.37% |
Hindi | 5725 | 4.53% |
Tagalog (Filipino) | 4350 | 3.45% |
Punjabi | 2860 | 2.27% |
Dari | 2665 | 2.11% |
Arabic | 2635 | 2.09% |
Spanish | 2315 | 1.83% |
Gujarati | 2130 | 1.69% |
Mandarin | 2030 | 1.61% |
Bengali | 1780 | 1.41% |
Yue (Cantonese) | 1295 | 1.03% |
Italian | 1070 | 0.85% |
Economy
In 1945, with the closing of D.I.L., there was no industry within the town, but in 1949, Dowty Aerospace started operations in Ajax. By 1969, major employers included Volkswagen Canada, DuPont, Paintplas, Ajax Textile, AEG Bayly Engineering and many others.
Shopping was virtually non-existent in the mid-1940s, but by 1970 major shopping centres such as Ajax Plaza, Harwood Place Mall and Clover Ridge Plaza were constructed. The 1980s saw an expansion of retail shopping malls to include Discovery Bay Plaza, Transit Square, Baywood Plaza, Westney Heights Plaza and most recently the Durham Centre at Harwood Avenue and Kingston Road.
The 1970s saw the beginning of many physical changes to the face of Ajax. New subdivisions spread over vacant land in central Ajax. The early 1980s brought extensive development to the southern part of Ajax with large, upscale housing units constructed along Lake Driveway.
The recession of the early 1980s did not stop residential development in Ajax. Westney Heights started north of Highway 2 and offered home buyers low interest rate mortgages while interest rates were then at an all-time high of 18% to 20%. Development north of Highway 2 stretched from Church Street in Pickering Village to Harwood Avenue, with the Millers Creek development south of the highway down to the edge of Highway 401.
Ajax Downs
Ajax Downs is a
Amazon
in fall 2021, Amazon opened a 1 million square foot Amazon fulfillment centre, hiring about 1000 full-time warehouse associate positions.[44]
Infrastructure
Health care
The
Emergency services
The
Transportation
Ajax GO Station is served by GO Transit's Lakeshore East line, with service from Toronto and Oshawa.
In 1973, the Town of Ajax conducted a survey of potential transit ridership in Ajax. This led to the creation of Ajax Transit with bus service beginning in 1973 under a contract with Charterways Transportation Limited, which operated service using a fleet of school buses, with heaviest ridership between the Pickering Beach area and downtown Ajax.
In the late 1970s, the town brought the operations in house and began operations on the Elm, Duffins, and Beach routes, which exist to this day. In the early 1980s, the Harwood, Westney Heights, and Village routes began service. Service on the Puckrin route began in the late 1980s.
In 2001, Ajax Transit and the neighbouring Pickering Transit were amalgamated into the Ajax Pickering Transit Authority (APTA), which operated under the joint ownership and oversight of Ajax and Pickering.
In 2006, APTA was amalgamated into
Road transportation in Ajax is dominated by Highway 401, which runs east–west through the town, dividing it in half. Access to Highway 401 both east and west is available via Westney Road and Salem Road. Only four streets allow transportation from the north end of town to the south end of town by crossing over or under Highway 401. These streets are (from west to east) Church Street, Westney Road, Harwood Avenue and Salem Road. Lakeridge Road crosses the highway, but it is traditionally held to be the border between the towns of Ajax and Whitby. Notable streets that run parallel to the highway are (from north to south) Taunton Road, Rossland Road, Kingston Road (Highway 2) and Bayly Street. At Salem Road is where Highway 401 narrows to three lanes each way, causing a severe traffic bottleneck eastbound during rush hours and special holidays due to increased travel to Ottawa and Montreal.
The closest international airport to Ajax is Toronto Pearson International Airport, located 50 kilometres to the west in Mississauga.
Education
Ajax is served by the Durham District School Board and the Durham Catholic District School Board. There are five high schools and several elementary schools. Two of the high schools are Catholic schools: Notre Dame Catholic Secondary School and Archbishop Denis O'Connor Catholic High School. The other three are the public secondary schools: Ajax High School, J. Clarke Richardson Collegiate and Pickering High School.
Culture
Music and dance
During 1955–1962, the Ajax Recreational Committee ran regular dances for the town's teenagers. The Saturday night dances, called "Ajax Teen Town", were held at the Ajax Community Centre, and were attended by as many as 500 teenagers at its peak. The Community Centre burnt down in 1960s, and the event attendance gradually declined, as music styles changed and as the members grew up.[45]
For a short period beginning in the 1990s, Ajax became notable for its
Sports
The members of the Ajax Aquatic Club, established in 1973, have included the Olympic medalists
The
In 2022, the Ajax Pickering Minor Hockey Association was formed after the merger of the Ajax Minor Hockey (Ajax Knights), Pickering Minor Hockey (Pickering Panthers), and Ajax-Pickering Raiders; the team retains the name "Raiders".[54][55] Ajax Spartans Minor Baseball Association (ASMBA) is a local minor league baseball team.[56][57]
Ajax Wanderers, established in 1949, is the oldest rugby union club in Ontario.[58] Its members have included Dave Moonlight of Whitby.[59]
Other sports clubs in the town include the Ajax Soccer Club, Ajax United, Ajax-Pickering Dolphins (football), Ajax Pickering Ringette Association, Ajax Cricket Club, Ajax Scuba Club, and Ajax Skating Club. Ajax Ice Waves, a synchronized skating team of the Ajax Skating Club, won several local competitions in Ontario in the 2010s.[60][61]
Notable people and groups
- Isaiah Adams, NCAA football player and NFL prospect
- Toya Alexis, musician, Canadian Idol finalist
- Charlotte Arnold, actress
- Benjamin deForest Bayly, inventor
- Jeff Beukeboom, retired NHL player
- Ruby Bhatia, Indian-Canadian VJ, television show host, and actress
- Ryan Blanchet, touring car racer
- Boi-1da, hip hop producer
- Matt Brann, musician
- Brendan Canning, musician
- Munro Chambers, actor
- Nichelle Prince, women's soccer player and Olympian
- Candace Chapman, women's soccer player[62] and Olympian
- Closet Monster, punk rock band
- Christian Corbet, painter, sculptor and forensic artist
- Derek Cornelius, professional soccer player
- Joe Dickson, MPP and owner of Dickson Printing
- Janet Ecker, former Ontario Minister of Finance
- Khashayar Farzam, powerlifter and physician; grew up in Ajax
- Akeem Foster, CFL football player
- Keith Godding, CFL football player
- Glenn Healy, former NHL goaltender
- Kyle Johnson, professional basketball player and Olympian; grew up in Ajax[63]
- The Johnstones, ska band
- Kaza Kajami-Keane, professional basketball player, and Canadian national team player
- Rabindranath Maharaj, novelist
- Connor McMichael, NHL player
- Nam Nguyen, national champion figure skater
- Not by Choice, punk rock band
- Emmett O'Connor, professional association football (soccer) player
- Phan Thi Kim Phuc, subject of a famous photo from the Vietnam War
- Matt Poitras, NHL player
- Mike Ross, broadcaster, actor, PA announcer Toronto Maple Leafs
- John Saunders, sports journalist for ESPN and ABC
- Corey Sevier, actor
- Ken Shaw, CTV Toronto news anchor
- Nathan Shepherd, NFL football player
- NHLforward
- Rene Soetens, former Progressive Conservative MP
- Sum 41, punk rock band
- T-Minus, hip hop and R&B producer
- Jessica Tyler, actress
- Nigel Wilson, retired MLB player
See also
Notes
- ^ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
- ^ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
References
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- ^ Canada 2021 Census. Statistics Canada. 13 July 2022. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- ^ Harold H. Harvey 2011, p. 286.
- ^ TRCA Duffins 2002, p. 13.
- ^ TRCA Carruthers 2002, p. 11.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 115.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 18, 115–116.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 117.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 18,118.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 121.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 140.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 154–158.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 25.
- ^ Ken Smith 1989, p. 11.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 28–29.
- ^ Lisa Tubb 2019, p. 5.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 43.
- ^ Kitts, Daniel (10 November 2015). "The Second World War created Ajax. Here's how". TVO. Toronto ON. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 51,75.
- ^ Martin L. Friedland 2013, pp. 373–374.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 75.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 63–64.
- ^ Robert McGeachy 2006, p. 209.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 68–69.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 76.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 157.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 77.
- ^ "Ajax Open Data: Neighbourhoods". Town of Ajax. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ "The New Downtown Ajax" (PDF). Town of Ajax. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 January 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
- ^ "2022 Municipal & School Board Elections" (PDF). Town of Ajax. Retrieved 2022-11-07.
- ^ "Municipal Elections Act, 1996, S.O. 1996, c. 32, Sched". 24 July 2014. Retrieved 2015-08-30.
- ^ "Ajax Council approves new three ward system". Town of Ajax. 2017-04-26. Retrieved 2022-07-29.
- ^ "1991 Census of Canada: Census Area Profiles". 2.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-03-07.
- ^ "Population. Volume 1. General characteristics, households and families = Population. Volume 1. Caractéristiques générales, ménages et familles". February 2, 1958 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions (municipalities), Ontario". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "2021 Census Profile table: Ajax, Ontario, and Canada". Statistics Canada. 2021. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
- ^ "Census Profile, 2016 Census: Ajax, Town - Education". Statistics Canada. 8 February 2017.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-10-26). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2021-10-27). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2015-11-27). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-08-20). "2006 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2019-07-02). "2001 Community Profiles". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2023-01-14.
- ^ "Pickering Casino Resort".
- ^ "Amazon Ajax is Hiring!". www.ajax.ca. 2021-06-23. Retrieved 2023-07-30.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, pp. 385–386.
- ^ John Intini (2003-01-13). "Abrasive in Ajax". Archived from the original on 2022-08-10. Retrieved 2022-08-09.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 366.
- ^ a b Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 362.
- ^ "Ajax Judo Club members win gold, silver, bronze". DurhamRegion.com / Oshawa This Week. 2009-07-12. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ Archie Macdonald 1995, p. 359.
- ^ Mahmood Mustafa (1995-01-18). "Gymanstics key to good health" (PDF). The Bay News. Vol. 35, no. 3. p. 17. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ Brad Kelly (2013-03-21). "Ajax Rock leaving town". Oshawa This Week. Oshawa This Week / DurhamRegion.com.
- ^ Rad Joseph (2022-01-17). "Toronto Rock Athletic Centre (TRAC)". Major Series Lacrosse. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Ajax, Pickering & Ajax-Pickering amalgamate into Ajax Pickering MHA". OMHA. 2022-04-20. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ Glenn Hendry (2022-02-01). "Hockey associations in Pickering and Ajax voting on merger". inDurham. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Ajax Spartans bring home trophy from Cooperstown". DurhamRegion.com / Ajax News Advertiser. 2014-07-17. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Ajax Spartans bantam baseball team wins tournament in Michigan". DurhamRegion.com / Ajax News Advertiser. 2017-08-02. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ Brad Kelly (2014-02-09). "Ajax Wanderers looking to build rugby programs". Ajax News Advertiser / DurhamRegion.com. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Whitby rugby star best in Canada". Oshawa This Week / DurhamRegion.com. 2006-11-30. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Ajax Ice Waves are golden". Ajax News Advertiser / DurhamRegion.com. 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Ajax Ice Waves bring home the gold". Oshawa This Week / DurhamRegion.com. 2013-03-05. Retrieved 2022-08-10.
- ^ "Women's Professional Soccer – FC Gold Pride – Candace Chapman". Archived from the original on 2010-08-10. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
- ^ McNair, Brian (July 31, 2012). "An Olympic Dream Come True for Ajax's Kyle Johnson". Yorkregion.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-24. Retrieved 2014-09-23.
Bibliography
- Archie MacDonald, ed. (1995). A Town Called Ajax. The Ajax Historical Board. ISBN 0-9699465-0-3.
- Harold H. Harvey (2011). "Duffins Creek". In Betty Roots; Donald Chant; Conrad Heidenreich (eds.). Special Places: The Changing Ecosystems of the Toronto Region. UBC Press. ISBN 9780774841818.
- Ken Smith (1989). Ajax, the War Years, 1939/45. Oshawa: Alger. ISBN 9780969439707.
- Lisa Tubb (2019). "Assembling Victory: Defense Industries Limited, Ajax, 1941-1945". Ontario History. 111 (1). The Ontario Historical Society: 1–18. .
- Martin L. Friedland (2013). The University of Toronto: A History (Second ed.). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781442667594.
- Robert McGeachy (2006). "The CMHC in Ajax, Ontario: 1948-1950". Ontario History. 98 (2). The Ontario Historical Society: 209–225. .
- Carruthers Creek: State of the Watershed Report (PDF). Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 2002. ISBN 9780968499283. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2015-07-01. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- Duffins Creek: State of the Watershed Report (PDF). Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA). 2002. ISBN 9780968499269. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
- The Pictorial History of Ajax, 1941/1972, Ajax Historical Board, 1972
- Past Years in Pickering, William R. Wood, Toronto, 1911
- The Village of Pickering 1800–1970, Corporation of the Village of Pickering, 1970
- The Pickering Story, William Archie McKay, 1961
External links
- Media related to Ajax, Ontario at Wikimedia Commons
- Ajax, Ontario travel guide from Wikivoyage
- Official website