Al-Ala al-Hadhrami

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Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami
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Al-Ala al-Hadrami (

Ridda wars. Under Umar, he launched naval expeditions against the Sasanians, the last of which ended in disaster for the Arabs and was the cause of his dismissal. He was last appointed governor of Basra
but died on his way there to assume office.

Origins

Al-Ala belonged to the

Banu Umayya clan of the Quraysh tribe in Mecca.[2][3] Al-Ala was among the early converts to Islam,[3] before Muhammad's conquest of Mecca
and the mass conversion of the Quraysh in 630.

Commander and governor in Bahrayn

in 628 CE

Al-Ala was dispatched by the Islamic prophet

Mundhir ibn Suwa, was allied with Muhammad. Al-Ala's responsibility may have been confined to the part of Bahrayn around Qatif, with the other part, around al-Khatt, under Aban ibn Sa'id of the Banu Umayya. On the other hand, al-Ala may have been replaced altogether by Aban before Muhammad's death in 632.[5]

After Muhammad's death, tribesmen of the

Lakhmids, former client kings of the Persian Sasanian Empire. Al-Ala was supported by the mostly Abd al-Qays tribesmen under their chief al-Jarud and defeated the rebels at al-Juwatha in the al-Hasa oasis in Bahrayn after withstanding a lengthy siege by the rebels.[7][8] Arab forces proceeded to capture the island of Darin off the coast of Qatif.[7] Al-Ala's operations against the settlements of Bahrayn continued into late 634, during the reign of Abu Bakr's successor Umar (r. 634–644).[9]

Map of Bahrayn, the Yamama, and Uman in the 9th–10th centuries

Under Abu Bakr's successor, Caliph

Uthman ibn Abi al-As al-Thaqafi in 636 or 637. The reason for the dismissal, according to the historian Baloch, was two-fold: Umar's uneasiness keeping a governor that the Islamic prophet had dismissed and Uthman's request for the position.[11]

Al-Ala was nonetheless reappointed over Bahrayn in 637 after Umar recalled Uthman to his former post at

Mu'awiya ibn Abi Sufyan in Syria, to not launch naval operations during Umar's rule, despite their ambitions to do so.[14]

Appointment to Basra and death

The early Islamic sources date al-Ala's death to the year 14 AH (635 or 636 CE) or 21 AH (641 or 642 CE). He died on his way to Basra, to which Umar had appointed him governor.[15] According to the historian 14 AH date is incompatible with the record of al-Ala's career, while the historian states the 21 AH date as the "less probable" year of al-Ala's death.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Donner 1993, p. 54, note 351.
  2. ^ Shoufani 1973, p. 62.
  3. ^ a b c Blankinship 1993, p. 144, note 786.
  4. ^ Shoufani 1973, p. 85.
  5. ^ Shoufani 1973, pp. 85–87.
  6. ^ Shoufani 1973, p. 87.
  7. ^ a b Rentz & Mulligan 1960, p. 942.
  8. ^ Shoufani 1973, pp. 133–134.
  9. ^ Shoufani 1973, pp. 131, 134.
  10. ^ Kennedy 2007, p. 181.
  11. ^ Baloch 1946, p. 260.
  12. ^ a b Baloch 1946, p. 261.
  13. ^ Smith 1994, p. 65, note 290.
  14. ^ Baloch 1946, pp. 264–265.
  15. ^ Friedmann 1992, pp. 166–167, note 589.

Bibliography

  • . Islamic Culture. 20 (3): 250–266.
  • .
  • .
  • .
  • .
  • Rentz, G & Mulligan, W. E. (1960). "Bahrayn". In
    OCLC 495469456
    .
  • .
  • Smith, G. Rex, ed. (1994). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XIV: The Conquest of Iran, A.D. 641–643/A.H. 21–23. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. .