Al-Dhahabi

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Shams ad-Dīn adh-Dhahabī (شمس الدين الذهبي), also known as Shams ad-Dīn Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿUthmān ibn Qāymāẓ ibn ʿAbdillāh at-Turkumānī al-Fāriqī ad-Dimashqī (5 October 1274 – 3 February 1348

Adh-Dhahabi lost his sight two years before he died, leaving three children: the eldest, his daughter, Amat al-'Aziz, and his two sons, 'Abd Allah and Abu Hurayra 'Abd al-Rahman. The latter son taught the hadith masters Ibn Nasir-ud-din al-Damishqi[10] and Ibn Hajar, and through them transmitted several works authored or narrated by his father.

Teachers

Among adh-Dhahabi's most notable teachers in

• Abd al-Khaliq bin ʿUlwān
• Zaynab bint ʿUmar bin al-Kindī
• Abu al-Hasan 'Ali ibn Mas‘ud ibn Nafis al-Musali
• Ibn Taymiyyah
  Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah
• Ibn al-Zahiri, Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn 'Abd Allah al-Halabi
• Al-Dimyati, the foremost Egyptian authority on hadith in his time.^[11]
• Ibn Daqiq al-'Id, whom he identified in his youth as Abu al-Fath al-Qushayri, later as Ibn Wahb.^[12]
• Jamal-ud-din Abu al-Ma`ali Muhammad ibn 'Ali al-Ansari al-Zamalkani al-Damishqi al-Shafi`i (d. 727), whom he called "Qadi al-Qudat, the Paragon of Islam, the standard-bearer of the Sunna, my shaykh".
• Ahmad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad al-Abarquhi al-Misri (d. 701), from which al-Dhahabi received the Suhrawardi Sufi path.^[13]
• Ibn al-Kharrat al-Dawalibi

Notable students

• Imad ad-Din Isma'il bin 'Umar bin Kathir
• Zain ad-Din 'Abd ar-Rahmān ibn al-Hasan as-Sulamī (Ibn Rajab)
• Shams-ud-din Abu al Mahasin Muhammad ibn Ali al-Dimashqi
• Taj al-Din al-Subki
• Khalīl ibn Aybak al-Ṣafadī
• Ibn al-Furat^[14]
• Also Shams al-Din Dhahabi has written about bibi Heravi and her famous role in Tarikh al-Kabir.^[15]

Works

Adh-Dhahabi authored nearly a hundred works of history, biography and theology. His

• Tarikh al-Islam al-kabir (تاريخ الإسلام) 'Great History of Islam' (50 vols., in Arabic); Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh-Dhahabi;^[17] comprising over 30,000 biographical records.^[18][19]
• Siyar A'lam al-Nubala' (سير أعلام النبلاء) ('The Lives of Noble Figures'), 28 volumes, a unique encyclopaedia of biographical history.^[20]

• al-'Uluww
• al-Mowqizah
• Al-'Ibar fī khabar man ghabar (العبر في خبر من غبر ويليه ذيول العبر)^[21]
• Tadhhib Tahdhib al-Kamal; abridgement of
  Six major Hadith collections
  .
• Al-Kashif fi Ma`rifa Man Lahu Riwaya fi al-Kutub al-Sitta; abridgment of the Tadhhib.
• Al-Mujarrad fi Asma' Rijal al-Kutub al-Sitta; abridgment of the Kashif.
• Mukhtasar Kitab al-Wahm wa al-Iham li Ibn al-Qattan.
• Mukhtasar Sunan al-Bayhaqi; selected edition of
  Bayhaqi
  's Sunan al-Kubara.
• Al-Mustadrak alaa al-Sahihain
  .
• Al-Amsar Dhawat al-Athar (Cities Rich in Historical Relics); begins with a description of Madina al-Munawwara.
• Al-Tajrid fi Asma' al-Sahaba; dictionary of the
  Companions of the prophet Muhammad
  .
• Tadhkirat al-ḥuffāẓ. (The Memorial of the Hadith Masters); chronological history of the biography of hadith masters. Ibn Hajar received it from Abu Hurayra ibn adh-Dhahabi.<sup>[22]</sup>
• Tabaqat al-Qurra (Categories of the Qur'anic Scholars); Biographic anthology.
• Al-Mu`in fi Tabaqat al-Muhaddithin, a compendium of
  Muhaddithin
  ).
• Duwal al-Islam (The Islamic Nations); concise political histories of Islamic nations.
• Al-Kaba'ir (Cardinal Sins)
• Manaaqib Al-imam Abu Hanifa wa saahibayhi Abu Yusuf wa Muhammad Ibn al-Hasan (The Honoured status of Imam Abu Hanifa and his two companions, Abu Yusuf and Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan)
• Mizaan-ul-I’tidaal, a reworking of al-Kamil fi Dhu'afa' al-Rijal by Ibn 'Adi al-Jurjani (d. 277 H)^[23]

See also

• Islamic scholars

References

Arabic Wikisource has original text related to this article:

Al-Dhahabi

1. ISBN 978-0-230-10279-8. In fact, the prominent Shafi'ite Athari scholar Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
   )
2. ISBN 9780860784562. ...al-Dhahabi, who was a fervent anti-kalam Traditionalist...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
   )
3. ISBN 978-1-4384-5371-2
   . ..in addition to the Ḥanbalīs, the Atharīs also include a small number of followers of the other three schools of law. ... Such as al-Dhahabī and Ibn Kathīr, both Shāfiʿīs.
4. ISBN 9781137473578
   .
5. Indiana University
   .
6. ^ Sources:
   • Halverson, Jeffry R. (2010). "2: The Demise of 'Ilm al-Kalam". Theology and Creed in Sunni Islam. 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010: Pelgrave Macmillan. p. 43.
     ISBN 978-0-230-10279-8.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
     )
   • B. Hallaq, Wael (2016). "5: Was the Gate of Ijtihad Closed?". Law and Legal Theory in Classical and Medieval Islam. 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA: Routledge. p. 16.
     ISBN 9780860784562.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link
     )
   • Spevack, Aaron (2014). The Archetypal Sunni Scholar: Law, Theology, and Mysticism in the Synthesis of Al-Bajuri. State University of New York Press. pp. 45, 169.
     ISBN 978-1-4384-5371-2
     .
7. ^ "Al-Ḏh̲ahabī". 24 April 2012.
8. ^ The Female Teachers of the Historian of Islam: al-Ḏh̲ahabī (PDF)
9. ^ " al-Ḏh̲ahabī." Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill Online , 2012. Reference. Princeton University Library. 09 June 2012, 24 April 2012
10. ^ al-Sakhawi, al-Daw' al-Lami` (8:103).
11. ISBN 9782745176554
    .
12. ^ Cf. al-'Uluw (Abu al-Fath) and al-Muqiza (Ibn Wahb).
13. ^ Siyar A`lam al-Nubala [SAN] (17:118–119 #6084, 16:300–302 #5655).
14. ISBN 978-1-7845-3730-2
    .
15. ^ waq48696 (in Arabic).
16. ISBN 0415124123
17. ^ Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p.400 #1773)
18. ^ Maxim Romanov, "Observations of a Medieval Quantitative Historian?" in Der Islam, Volume 94, Issue 2, Page 464
19. ^ Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (2003). Tārīkh al-Islām (in Arabic). Vol. 17. Beirut: Dar al-Garb al-Islami.
20. ^ Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1984). Sīr al-a'lām al-nublā' (in Arabic). Vol. 25. Beirut.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
21. ^ Dhahabī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1985). Al-'Ibar (in Arabic). Vol. 5.
22. ^ Ibn Hajar, al-Mu`jam (p. 400 #1774).
23. ^ al-Dhahabi, Siyar A`lam al-Nubala' (16:154)