Al-Faw peninsula

Coordinates: 29°58′28″N 48°27′51″E / 29.97444°N 48.46417°E / 29.97444; 48.46417
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Al-Faw peninsula
Map

The Al-Faw peninsula (

delta for the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) river, formed by the confluence of the major Euphrates and Tigris rivers. The al-Faw peninsula borders Iran to the northeast, with the cities of Abadan and Khorramshahr on the opposite side of the Shatt al-Arab, and Kuwait to the southwest, opposite from Bubiyan Island and Warbah Island, near the Iraqi city of Umm Qasr
.

fishing town and port which during Saddam Hussein's presidency featured the main naval base of the Iraqi Navy. The remainder of the al-Faw peninsula is otherwise lightly inhabited, with few civilian buildings or settlements and most of its few residents involved in the fishing, oil, or shipping industries. It is the site of a number of important oil installations, most notably Iraq's two main oil tanker terminals: Khor al-Amaya and Mina al-Bakr
, due to its chief importance as a strategic location controlling access to the Shatt al-Arab waterway and thus access to the port of Basra.

Iran-Iraq War

Main articles:
Operation Dawn 8, First Battle of al-Faw, and Second Battle of al-Faw

During the

Pasdaran
(Revolutionary Guard) forces.

It marked the first time that the Iranians had successfully invaded and occupied Iraqi territory. The Iranians defeated several Iraqi Republican Guard counter-offensives and managed to hang on to their foothold.

The occupation of al-Faw placed Basra at risk of being attacked. The Iranians also used the peninsula as a launch pad for

Silkworm missiles which were deployed against shipping and oil terminals in the Persian Gulf, and also against Kuwait
, which supported Iraq throughout the war.

On April 17, 1988, the newly-restructured Iraqi Army began a major operation, "Ramadan Mubarak," which was aimed to clear the Iranians out of the peninsula. The Iraqis concentrated well over 100,000 troops from the Republican Guard versus 15,000 second-rate Iranian Basij soldiers.[1]

By using sarin nerve gas,[2] artillery barrages and air bombardments, the Iraqis eventually expelled the Iranians from the peninsula within 35 hours, with much of their equipment captured intact. The event was marked as an official national holiday under the former regime of Saddam Hussein, celebrated as the Faw City Liberation Day.[3]

Anglo-American occupation

The 1991 Gulf War was fought south and west of al-Faw, but the peninsula's military installations were heavily bombed by Allied forces during the conflict. The Allied forces effectively closed down all of Iraq's shipping activities and thus rendered its access to the Shatt al-Arab and the Persian Gulf useless.

The peninsula was one of the first targets of the Coalition forces in the

Khor al-Amaya oil terminal was seized by GROM operators.[5]
The peninsula fell quickly with minimal Iraqi resistance, but unexpected fierce resistance in Umm Qasr required several days of fighting before the town had been secured.

The British, based at Camp Driftwood, provided the security and countersmuggling force on land, and the American forces providing maritime assistance. Camp Driftwood was handed to Iraqi control in March 2007 by troops from 1st Battalion

The Yorkshire Regiment
.

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-8032-8783-6
    .
  2. Foreign Policy. Archived from the original
    on 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
  3. ISBN 9781107001084
    .
  4. ^ Operations in Iraq: Lessons for the Future. Ministry of Defence/National Archives. "The Al Faw Peninsula Operation" (sidebar), p. 11. Retrieved 16 January 2020 – via The Internet Archive.
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84603-357-5
    .

29°58′28″N 48°27′51″E / 29.97444°N 48.46417°E / 29.97444; 48.46417

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