Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il
Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il (c. 1610 – 15 August 1676) was an Imam of
Early reign
Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il was the son of the founder of the Qasimid imamate,
Conquest of Hadramaut
The authority of al-Mutawakkil Isma'il expanded eastwards along the South Arabian coast. Aden had been conquered by Yemeni forces in 1644.
Diplomatic relations
Yemen in the 17th century was not a very outward-looking society, but its role as virtually the sole
Interior policy
Although he was the most resourceful of the Qasimid line, al-Mutawakkil Isma'il had to contend with the deep localism persisting in the Yemeni society, in particular among the highland tribes. Some tribes were not taxed, but on the contrary received stipends to keep quiet. This was a practice that prevailed until the 20th century. The imam himself is reputed to have lived a life of Spartan simplicity; he would sew and sell caps for his subsistence, and his household consisted of his one wife and a female slave.[6]
During the imam's reign, he quelled what he thought was a rebellion against the Yemeni state, led by the Jewish leader of a
Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il died in 1676, and a dispute arose between two of his nephews over the succession. Of these, al-Mahdi Ahmad finally succeeded to the imamate.[10]
See also
References
- R. Serjeant& R. Lewcock, San'a'; An Arabian Islamic City. London 1983, p. 80.
- ^ R.J. Gavin, Aden under British Rule, 1839-1967. London 1975, p. 19.
- ^ Robert W. Stookey, Yemen; The Politics of the Yemen Arab Republic. Boulder 1978, p. 146; R. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, pp. 80-81.
- ^ R.J. Gavin, p. 17.
- ^ R. Serjeant & R. Lewcock, pp. 80-81.
- ^ R.L. Playfair, A History of Arabia Felix or Yemen. Bombay 1859, p. 112.
- ^ ʻAbd Allah ibn ʻAlī ibn al-Wazīr, Ṭibāq al-Ḥulwā wa-Ṣihāf al-Mān wa-l-Salwā (Arabic)
- ^ P.S. van Köningsveld, J. Sadan, and Q. Al-Samarrai, Yemenite Authorities and Jewish Messianism: Aḥmad ibn Nāṣir al-Zaydī's Account of the Sabbatian Movement in Seventeenth Century Yemen and its Aftermath, Leiden, Leiden University 1990
- ^ Yosef Tobi, The Jews of Yemen (Studies in Their History and Culture), Brill: Leiden 1999, p. 71
- ^ Robert W. Stookey, p. 147.