Al-Rastan
Al-Rastan
الرستن | |
---|---|
UTC+2 (EET) | |
• Summer (DST) | +3 |
Al-Rastan (
It occupies the site of the Hellenistic-era city of Arethusa (
From the start of the
History
Classical era
Ar-Rastan was built on the site of ancient Arethusa. According to Roman historian
It served as the first capital of the
Byzantine era
Arethusa was a Christian
In the time of
By a subdivision of the Roman province of
Other bishops of Arethusa whose names are known are: a second Mark, who took part in the
Lebanese sources such as Giuseppe Simone Assemani and Bishop Yusef al-Dibs claim that Maron, the patron saint of the Maronite Church, who died in 410, was buried in Arethusa.[24] Most Maronite sources also believe the Monastery of Maron was located in the city as well.[25]
In the
Islamic era
According to early Muslim geographers,
In 1115 while
The
In the late 16th-century or early 17th-century, during
Modern era
At the beginning of the 19th-century, ar-Rastan was an impoverished village whose population engaged primarily in
During the
Abd al-Qader was the father of Mustafa Tlass who would become Defense Minister under Hafez al-Assad in 1972. The Hamdan had greater influence in the city and politically identified itself with the Nasserist trend which gained mass appeal in the Arab world in the 1950s–60s.[42]
On 23 March 1961, the Bulgarian Techno-Impex company completed the Rastan Dam while Syria was part of the United Arab Republic with Egypt. The dam is currently the third largest in the country.[43]
Syrian Civil War
Ar-Rastan was one of the first cities to participate in the Syrian uprising against the government of
By August 2011, ar-Rastan was mostly in the hands of the opposition Free Syrian Army (FSA) which was made up of defectors from the Syrian Army and civilian volunteers.[48] According to Al Jazeera, "Many defectors from the army come from Rastan."[49] The unit based in the city called themselves the Khalid ibn al-Walid Battalion. That month saw the FSA target local government figures and sympathizers, and pro-government Shabiha militiamen attack opposition-held neighborhoods. In late September the Syrian Army, reportedly backed by tanks and helicopters, launched an operation to retake the city resulting in four days of fighting. The Syrian Army succeeded and the FSA withdrew.[48]
Opposition militants regained control of the city by January 2012 reigniting continuous
On 16 May 2018, the Syrian government established control over city after the last rebels were transported to the Idlib Governorate.[55][56]
Demographics
In 1970 ar-Rastan's population was 7,509.
References
- ^ a b c General Census of Population and Housing 2004. Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS). Homs Governorate. (in Arabic)
- ^ The first two largest cities in the Homs Governorate according to the Central Bureau of Statistics' 2004 census are Homs (652,609 Archived 2012-07-31 at archive.today) and Tadmur (51,323). (in Arabic)
- ^ Map depicting surrounding localities of ar-Rastan. Rastan Map. Mapcarta.
- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §A116.5
- ^ Bar'el, Zvi. Report: Assad's air force pounds population centers in Syria's Rastan. Haaretz. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ^ الرستن جمال الطبيعة وأصالة التاريخ. E-Syria. 21 October 2009.
- ^ Water for the Fields. Talis. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- ^ Britannica, p. 19.
- ^ a b Cohen, 2006, p. 101.
- ^ Levick, p. 7.
- ^ Byzantine historian Stephanos and French historian agree that Arethusa was named after the Arethusa of Greek Macedonia while Michael Avi-Yonah claims it was named after the Fountain of Arethusa in Sicily. Cohen, 2006, p. 102.
- ^ Cohen, 2006, p. 202.
- ^ Butcher, p. 91.
- ^ Levick, p. 12.
- ^ Levick, p. 8.
- ^ a b c Burton, p. 64.
- ^ a b Butcher, p. 92.
- S2CID 153920517. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2020-02-18.
- ^ a b c Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 915-916
- ^ a b [Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 436]
- ^ Their accounts are given in both the original texts and in English translation in John Brown, The Law of Christ Respecting Civil Obedience (London, 1839), pp. 351–356
- ISBN 978-88-209-7210-3), p. 198
- ^ Moosa, 2005, p. 7.
- ^ Moosa, 2005, p. 23.
- ^ Moosa, 2005, p. 27.
- ^ Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, vol. 3 Archived 2019-03-21 at the Wayback Machine, p. 116; vol. 5, p. 97; vol. 6, p. 98
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 838
- Abu'l Fida, quoted by le Strange, 1890, pp. 519–520.
- ^ a b c le Strange, 1890, p. 520.
- ^ Houtsma, p. 676.
- ^ Breasted, p. 84.
- ^ Richards, p. 167.
- ^ Houtsma, p. 466.
- ^ Ibn al-Athir, p. 34.
- ^ Ziadeh, 1953, p. 14.
- ^ Amitai-Preiss, 2005, p. 195.
- ^ Grube, 1978, p. 103.
- ^ Sirriyeh, p. 128.
- ^ a b Bey, p. 290.
- ^ a b Walpole, p. 180.
- ^ Moosa, 1987, p. 282.
- ^ a b Batatu, p. 152.
- ^ Oron, p. 511.
- ^ Syria protests: Homs city sit-in 'dispersed by gunfire'. BBC News. 19 April 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- ^ Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. Syrian tanks deploy in town; hundreds detained. Reuters. 4 May 2011. Retrieved 26 June 2012.
- ^ a b Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. Syria forces kill 11 civilians in Rastan: activists. Reuters. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
- OCLC 1041615345.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ a b Ajami, 2012, ch. Sarajevo on the Orontes.
- ^ a b c Syrian troops 'killed' in Rastan clashes. Al Jazeera English. Quote by Al Jazeera correspondent Rula Amin. 14 May 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
- ^ Oweis, Khalid Yacoub. Syrian forces kill 10 in rebel town. Reuters. 31 January 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
- ^ Weiss, Michael."Russia, Iran and Hezbollah are already intervening in Syria. Why aren't we?". The Daily Telegraph. 6 February 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
- ^ Abedine, Saad. More blood shed as rockets fall on Rastan, fears grow in Homs Archived 2012-05-12 at the Wayback Machine. CNN. 4 March 2012. Retrieved 27 June 2012.
- ^ IS executes 10 people accused of being gay in Syria: monitor AFP September 2015
- ^ الجيش الحر يستهدف قوات النظام في المشفى الوطني بالرستن, SMART News Agency, 23 déc. 2015
- ^ "National flag hoisted over al-Rastan and Talbeisa". Syrian Arab News Agency. 16 May 2018.
- Al Masdar News. 15 May 2018. Archived from the originalon 15 May 2018. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ United States. Office of International Health. Division of Planning and Evaluation, 1977, p. 131.
- ^ Assad Forces Renew Homs Assault. Reuters. 10 June 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2012.
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