Al Gore
Al Gore | |
---|---|
45th Vice President of the United States | |
In office January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001 | |
President | Bill Clinton |
Preceded by | Dan Quayle |
Succeeded by | Dick Cheney |
United States Senator from Tennessee | |
In office January 3, 1985 – January 2, 1993 | |
Preceded by | Howard Baker |
Succeeded by | Harlan Mathews |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee | |
In office January 3, 1977 – January 3, 1985 | |
Preceded by | Joe L. Evins |
Succeeded by | Bart Gordon |
Constituency |
|
Personal details | |
Born | Albert Arnold Gore Jr. March 31, 1948 Washington, D.C., U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | |
Children | 4, including Karenna and Kristin |
Parents | |
Education | |
Occupation |
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Civilian awards | List of awards and honors |
Signature | |
Website | www |
Military service | |
Branch/service | United States Army |
Years of service | 1969–1971 |
Rank | Specialist 4 |
Unit | 20th Engineer Brigade |
Battles/wars | Vietnam War |
Military awards | |
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Vice President of the United States
Presidential campaigns
Vice presidential campaigns
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Albert Arnold Gore Jr. (born March 31, 1948) is an American politician, businessman, and environmentalist who served as the 45th
The son of politician
Gore was the
After his term as vice-president ended in 2001, Gore remained prominent as an author and
Gore has received a number of awards that include the
Early life and education
Albert Arnold Gore Jr. was born on March 31, 1948, in Washington, D.C.,[12] as the second of two children born to Albert Gore Sr., a U.S. Representative who later served for 18 years as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee, and Pauline (LaFon) Gore, one of the first women to graduate from Vanderbilt University Law School.[13] Gore is a descendant of Scots Irish immigrants who first settled in Virginia in the mid-17th-century and moved to Tennessee after the Revolutionary War.[14] His older sister Nancy LaFon Gore died of lung cancer in 1984.[15]
During the school year he lived with his family in The Fairfax Hotel in the Embassy Row section in Washington D.C.[16] During the summer months, he worked on the family farm in Carthage, Tennessee, where the Gores grew tobacco and hay[17][18] and raised cattle.[19]
Gore attended St. Albans School, an independent college preparatory day and boarding school for boys in Washington, D.C. from 1956 to 1965, a prestigious feeder school for the Ivy League.[20][21] He was the captain of the football team, threw discus for the track and field team and participated in basketball, art, and government.[13][16][22] He graduated 25th in a class of 51, applied to one college, Harvard University, and was accepted.[20][21]
Harvard
Gore enrolled in Harvard College in 1965; he initially planned to major in English and write novels but later decided to major in government.[20][21] On his second day on campus, he began campaigning for the freshman student government council and was elected its president. He was roommates with actor Tommy Lee Jones in Dunster House.[21][23]
Gore was an avid reader who fell in love with scientific and mathematical theories,
Gore was in college during the era of anti
Military service and early career (1969–1976)
Military service
When Gore graduated in 1969, he immediately became eligible for the military draft. His father, a vocal anti Vietnam War critic, was facing re-election in 1970. Gore eventually decided that enlisting in the Army would be the best course between serving his country, his personal values and interests. Although nearly all of his Harvard classmates avoided the draft and service in Vietnam,[27] Gore believed if he found a way around military service, he would be handing an issue to his father's Republican opponent.[28] According to Gore's Senate biography, "He appeared in uniform in his father's campaign commercials, one of which ended with his father advising: 'Son, always love your country'."[29] Despite this, Gore Sr. lost the election to an opponent who vastly out-fundraised him. This opponent was later found by the Watergate commission to have accepted illegal money from Nixon's operatives.[28]
Gore has said that his other reason for enlisting was that he did not want someone with fewer options than he to go in his place.[30] Actor Tommy Lee Jones, a former college housemate, recalled Gore saying that "if he found a fancy way of not going, someone else would have to go in his place".[21][31] His Harvard advisor, Richard Neustadt, also stated that Gore decided, "that he would have to go as an enlisted man because, he said, 'In Tennessee, that's what most people have to do.'" In addition, Michael Roche, Gore's editor for The Castle Courier, stated that "anybody who knew Al Gore in Vietnam knows he could have sat on his butt and he didn't."[28]
After enlisting in August 1969, Gore returned to the anti war Harvard campus in his military uniform to say goodbye to his adviser and was "jeered" at by students.[15][21] He later said he was astonished by the "emotional field of negativity and disapproval and piercing glances that ... certainly felt like real hatred".[21]
Gore had basic training at
His orders to be sent to Vietnam were "held up" for some time and the Gore family suspected that this was due to a fear by the
Of his time in the Army, Gore later stated, "I didn't do the most, or run the gravest danger. But I was proud to wear my country's uniform."[31] He also later stated that his experience in Vietnam
didn't change my conclusions about the war being a terrible mistake, but it struck me that opponents to the war, including myself, really did not take into account the fact that there were an awful lot of
South Vietnamese who desperately wanted to hang on to what they called freedom. Coming face to face with those sentiments expressed by people who did the laundry and ran the restaurants and worked in the fields was something I was naively unprepared for.[35]
Vanderbilt and journalism
Gore was "dispirited" after his return from Vietnam.[29] NashvillePost.com noted that, "his father's defeat made service in a conflict he deeply opposed even more abhorrent to Gore. His experiences in the war zone don't seem to have been deeply traumatic in themselves; although the engineers were sometimes fired upon, Gore has said he didn't see full-scale combat. Still, he felt that his participation in the war was wrong."[32]
Although his parents wanted him to go to law school, Gore first attended Vanderbilt University Divinity School (1971–72) on a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship for people planning secular careers. He later said he went there in order to explore "spiritual issues",[36] and that "he had hoped to make sense of the social injustices that seemed to challenge his religious beliefs".[37]
In 1971, Gore also began to work the night shift for
In 1974, he took a leave of absence from The Tennessean to attend Vanderbilt University Law School. His decision to become an attorney was a partial result of his time as a journalist, as he realized that, while he could expose corruption, he could not change it.
Congress (1977–1993)
Gore began serving in the U.S. Congress at the age of 28 and stayed there for the next 16 years, serving in both the House (1977–1985) and the Senate (1985–1993).[38] Gore spent many weekends in Tennessee, working with his constituents.[13][29]
House and Senate
At the end of February 1976, U.S. Representative
Gore's abrupt decision to run for the open seat surprised even himself; he later said that "I didn't realize myself I had been pulled back so much to it." The news came as a "bombshell" to his wife. Tipper Gore held a job in The Tennessean's photo lab and was working on a master's degree in psychology, but she joined in her husband's campaign (with assurance that she could get her job at The Tennessean back if he lost). By contrast, Gore asked his father to stay out of his campaign: "I must become my own man," he explained. "I must not be your candidate."[29]
Gore won the 1976 Democratic primary for the district with "32 percent of the vote, three percentage points more than his nearest rival", and was opposed only by an independent candidate in the election, recording 94 percent of the overall vote.
During his time in Congress, Gore was considered a "moderate" once referring to himself as a "raging moderate"
During his tenure in the House, Gore voted in favor of the bill establishing Martin Luther King Jr. Day as a federal holiday.[47] While Gore initially did not vote on the Civil Rights Restoration Act of 1987 in January 1988,[48] he voted to override President Reagan's veto the following March.[49] Gore voted against the nomination of William Rehnquist as Chief Justice of the United States,[50] as well as the nominations of Robert Bork and Clarence Thomas to the U.S. Supreme Court.
During his time in the House, Gore sat on the
Gore was considered one of the noted that,
as far back as the 1970s, Congressman Gore promoted the idea of high-speed telecommunications as an engine for both economic growth and the improvement of our educational system. He was the first elected official to grasp the potential of computer communications to have a broader impact than just improving the conduct of science and scholarship ... the Internet, as we know it today, was not deployed until 1983. When the Internet was still in the early stages of its deployment, Congressman Gore provided intellectual leadership by helping create the vision of the potential benefits of high speed computing and communication.[54]
Gore introduced the Supercomputer Network Study Act of 1986.[55] He also sponsored hearings on how advanced technologies might be put to use in areas like coordinating the response of government agencies to natural disasters and other crises.[54]
As a Senator, Gore began to craft the
After joining the House of Representatives, Gore held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming".[60][61] He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s.[29][62][63] In 1990, Senator Gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment".[64]
Son's 1989 accident and first book
On April 3, 1989, Al, Tipper and their six-year-old son Albert were leaving a baseball game. Albert ran across the street to see his friend and was hit by a car. He was thrown 30 feet (9 m) and then traveled along the pavement for another 20 feet (6 m).[13] Gore later recalled: "I ran to his side and held him and called his name, but he was motionless, limp and still, without breath or pulse.... His eyes were open with the nothingness stare of death, and we prayed, the two of us, there in the gutter, with only my voice."[13] Albert was tended to by two nurses who happened to be present during the accident. The Gores spent the next month in the hospital with Albert. Gore also commented: "Our lives were consumed with the struggle to restore his body and spirit."[13] This event was "a trauma so shattering that [Gore] views it as a moment of personal rebirth", a "key moment in his life" which "changed everything".[13]
In August 1991, Gore announced that his son's accident was a factor in his decision not to run for president in 1992.[65] Gore stated: "I would like to be President.... But I am also a father, and I feel deeply about my responsibility to my children.... I didn't feel right about tearing myself away from my family to the extent that is necessary in a Presidential campaign."[65] During this time, Gore wrote Earth in the Balance, a text that became the first book written by a sitting U.S. Senator to make The New York Times Best Seller list since John F. Kennedy's Profiles in Courage.[29]
First presidential run (1988)
In 1988, Gore sought the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States. Gore carried seven states in the primaries, finishing third overall in a field that included Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis, then Senator, future Vice President and current President Joe Biden, Gary Hart, Congressman Dick Gephardt, Paul Simon and Jesse Jackson. Dukakis eventually won the Democratic nomination and went on to lose in a landslide to George H. W. Bush in the general election.
Although Gore initially denied that he intended to run, his candidacy was the subject of speculation: "National analysts make Sen. Gore a long-shot for the Presidential nomination, but many believe he could provide a natural complement for any of the other candidates: a young, attractive, moderate Vice Presidential nominee from the South. He currently denies any interest, but he carefully does not reject the idea out of hand."[16] At the time, he was 39 years old, making him the "youngest serious Presidential candidate since John F. Kennedy".[16]
CNN noted that, "in 1988, for the first time, 12 southern states would hold their primaries on the same day, dubbed "Super Tuesday". Gore thought he would be the only serious Southern contender; he had not counted on Jesse Jackson."
Gore was eventually able to mend fences with Jackson, who supported the Clinton-Gore ticket in 1992 and 1996, and campaigned for the Gore-Lieberman ticket during the 2000 presidential election.[70][71] Gore's policies changed substantially in 2000, reflecting his eight years as vice president.[72]
1992 presidential election
Gore was initially hesitant to be
Clinton's choice was criticized as unconventional because rather than picking a running mate who would diversify the ticket, Clinton chose a fellow Southerner who shared his political ideologies and who was nearly the same age as Clinton.[29][73][75] The Washington Bureau Chief for The Baltimore Sun, Paul West, later suggested that, "Al Gore revolutionized the way Vice Presidents are made. When he joined Bill Clinton's ticket, it violated the old rules. Regional diversity? Not with two Southerners from neighboring states. Ideological balance? A couple of left-of-center moderates. ... And yet, Gore has come to be regarded by strategists in both parties as the best vice presidential pick in at least 20 years."[76]
Clinton and Gore accepted the nomination at the
The ticket increased in popularity after the candidates traveled with their wives, Hillary and Tipper, on a "six-day, 1,000-mile bus ride, from New York to St. Louis".[81] Al Gore would participate in one vice-presidential debate against Vice President Dan Quayle, and Admiral James Stockdale. That debate, as of 2023, was the only televised Vice-Presidential debate with more than two participating candidates. The Clinton-Gore ticket beat the Bush-Quayle and Perot-Stockdale tickets with 43% of the popular vote, versus their 38% and 19%, respectively. Clinton and Gore received 370 electoral votes, versus the incumbent ticket's 168, and Perot's 0.[29]
Vice presidency (1993–2001)
Al Gore served as vice president during the
However, Gore had to compete with First Lady Hillary for President Clinton's influence, starting when she was appointed to the health-care task force without Gore's consultation. Vanity Fair wrote that President Clinton's "failure to confide in his vice president was a telling sign of the real pecking order", and reported "it was an open secret that some of Hillary's advisers...nurtured dreams that Hillary, not Gore, would follow Bill in the presidency".[82][83]
Gore had a particular interest in reducing "waste, fraud, and abuse in the federal government and advocated trimming the size of the bureaucracy and the number of regulations".[29] During the Clinton Administration, the U.S. economy expanded, according to David Greenberg (professor of history and media studies at Rutgers University) who said that "by the end of the Clinton presidency, the numbers were uniformly impressive. Besides the record-high surpluses and the record-low poverty rates, the economy could boast the longest economic expansion in history; the lowest unemployment since the early 1970s; and the lowest poverty rates for single mothers, black Americans, and the aged."[84]
According to Leslie Budd, author of E-economy: Rhetoric or Business Reality, this economic success was due, in part, to Gore's continued role as an Atari Democrat, promoting the development of information technology, which led to the dot-com boom (c. 1995–2001).[85] Clinton and Gore entered office planning to finance research that would "flood the economy with innovative goods and services, lifting the general level of prosperity and strengthening American industry".[86] Their overall aim was to fund the development of, "robotics, smart roads, biotechnology, machine tools, magnetic-levitation trains, fiber-optic communications and national computer networks. Also earmarked [were] a raft of basic technologies like digital imaging and data storage."[86] Critics claimed that the initiatives would "backfire, bloating Congressional pork and creating whole new categories of Federal waste".[86]
During the election and his term as vice president, Gore popularized the term
Gore was also involved in environmental initiatives. He launched the
Gore negotiated and strongly supported the
In 1996, Gore became involved in a
During the 1990s, Gore spoke out on a number of issues. In a 1992 speech on the
In the 1996 presidential election, Clinton and Gore both ran for re-election for president and vice-president. They faced Republican Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole, with his running mate, Jack Kemp, a former member of House republican leadership and George H. W. Bush's secretary of Housing and Urban Development. Gore and Kemp debated once, in one of the lowest rated debates in history. Gore held his own against Kemp, and kept President Clinton's large lead against Dole stable. On November 5, 1996, Clinton and Gore were re-elected as president and vice-president with 379 electoral votes and an 8% margin of victory in the popular vote.
Soon afterward, Gore also had to contend with the
Second presidential run (2000)
During a speech that he gave on June 16, 1999, in
While Bill Clinton's job-approval ratings were around 60%, an April 1999 study by the Pew Research Center for the People found that respondents suffered from "Clinton fatigue" where they were "tired of all the problems associated with the Clinton administration" including the Lewinsky scandal and impeachment. Texas Governor and likely Republican presidential nominee George W. Bush was leading Gore 54% to 41% in polls during that time. Gore's advisers believed that the "Lewinsky scandal and Bill's past womanizing...alienated independent voters—especially the soccer moms, who stood for traditional values". Consequently, Gore's presidential campaign "veered too far in differentiating himself from Bill and his record and had difficulty taking advantage of the Clinton administration's legitimate successes". In addition, Hillary's candidacy for the open Senate seat in New York exacerbated the "three-way tensions evident in the White House since 1993", as "not only was Hillary unavailable as a campaigner, she was poaching top Democratic fund-raisers and donors who would normally concentrate on the vice president". In one instance "Hillary insisted on being invited [to a Los Angeles fundraiser for the vice president]—over the objections of the event's organizers", where the First Lady "shocked the vice president's supporters by soliciting donations for herself in front of Tipper".[82]
Gore faced an early challenge by former New Jersey senator Bill Bradley.[112] Bradley was the only candidate to oppose Gore and was considered a "fresh face" for the White House.[115][116] Gore challenged Bradley to a series of debates which took the form of "town hall" meetings.[117] Gore went on the offensive during these debates leading to a drop in the polls for Bradley.[118][119] In the Iowa caucus the unions pledged their support to Gore, despite Bradley spending heavily in that state, and Bradley was much embarrassed by his two to one defeat there. Gore went on to capture the New Hampshire primary 53-47%, which had been a must-win state for Bradley. Gore then swept all of the primaries on Super Tuesday while Bradley finished a distant second in each state. On March 9, 2000, after failing to win any of the first 20 primaries and caucuses in the election process, Bradley withdrew his campaign and endorsed Gore. Gore eventually went on to win every primary and caucus and, in March 2000 even won the first primary election ever held over the Internet, the Arizona Presidential Primary.[120] By then, he secured the Democratic nomination.[121] As of 2023, Al Gore remains the only presidential candidate in American history who was not the incumbent president to win every single contest in his or her party primary.
On August 13, 2000, Gore announced that he had selected Senator
Inventing the internet
There was talk of a potential run in the 2000 presidential race by Gore as early as January 1998.[128] Gore discussed the possibility of running during a March 9, 1999, interview with CNN's Late Edition with Wolf Blitzer. In response to Wolf Blitzer's question: "Why should Democrats, looking at the Democratic nomination process, support you instead of Bill Bradley", Gore responded:
I'll be offering my vision when my campaign begins. And it will be comprehensive and sweeping. And I hope that it will be compelling enough to draw people toward it. I feel that it will be. But it will emerge from my dialogue with the American people. I've traveled to every part of this country during the last six years. During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in creating the Internet. I took the initiative in moving forward a whole range of initiatives that have proven to be important to our country's economic growth and environmental protection, improvements in our educational system.[129]
Former UCLA professor of
Gore himself would later poke fun at the controversy. In 2000, while on the
Recount
On election night, news networks first called Florida for Gore, later retracted the projection, and then called Florida for Bush, before finally retracting that projection as well.
The Florida recount was stopped a few weeks later on December 12 by the
Post-vice presidency (2001–present)
Bill Clinton and Gore had maintained an informal public distance for eight years, but they reunited for the media in August 2009. Clinton had arranged for the release of two female journalists who were being held hostage in North Korea. The women were employees of Gore's Current TV.[148] In May 2018, he was included as a member of the Indian Government committee to coordinate year long celebrations of Mahatma Gandhi's 150th birth anniversary from October 2, 2019.[149]
Criticism of Bush
Beginning in 2002, Gore began to publicly criticize the
While Gore has criticized Bush for his Katrina response, he has not spoken publicly about his part in the evacuation of 270 patients on September 3 & 4, 2005, from Charity Hospital in New Orleans to Tennessee. On September 1, Gore was contacted by Charity Hospital's Neurosurgeon Dr. David Kline, who had operated on his son Albert, through Greg Simon of
Presidential run speculation
People were speculating that Gore would be a candidate for the
The prospect of a Gore candidacy arose again between 2006 and early 2008 in light of the upcoming
Interest in having Gore run for the 2016 presidential election arose in 2014 and again in 2015, although he did not declare any intention to do so.[180][181]
Involvement in presidential campaigns
After announcing he would not run in the 2004 U.S. presidential election, Gore endorsed Vermont governor Howard Dean in December 2003, weeks before the first primary of the election cycle.[182] He was criticized for this endorsement by eight Democratic contenders particularly since he did not endorse his former running mate Joe Lieberman (Gore preferred Dean over Lieberman because Lieberman supported the Iraq War and Gore did not).[46][183][184] Dean's campaign soon became a target of attacks and eventually failed, with Gore's early endorsement being credited as a factor. In The New York Times, Dean stated: "I actually do think the endorsement of Al Gore began the decline." The Times further noted that "Dean instantly amplified his statement to indicate that the endorsement from Mr. Gore, a powerhouse of the establishment, so threatened the other Democratic candidates that they began the attacks on his candidacy that helped derail it."[185] Dean's former campaign manager, Joe Trippi, also stated that after Gore's endorsement of Dean, "alarm bells went off in every newsroom in the country, in every other campaign in the country", indicating that if something did not change, Dean would be the nominee.[186] Later, in March 2004, Gore endorsed John Kerry and gave Kerry $6 million in funds left over from his own unsuccessful 2000 bid.[187] Gore also opened the 2004 Democratic National Convention.[188]
During the
Gore repeated his neutrality eight years later during the
Environmentalism
Gore has been involved with environmental issues since 1976 when as a freshman congressman, he held the "first congressional hearings on the climate change, and co-sponsor[ed] hearings on toxic waste and global warming".[60][61] He continued to speak on the topic throughout the 1980s,[62] and is still prevalent in the environmental community. He was known as one of the Atari Democrats,[214] later called the "Democrats' Greens, politicians who see issues like clean air, clean water and global warming as the key to future victories for their party".[63]
In 1990, Senator Gore presided over a three-day conference with legislators from over 42 countries which sought to create a Global Marshall Plan, "under which industrial nations would help less developed countries grow economically while still protecting the environment".[215] In the late 1990s, Gore strongly pushed for the passage of the Kyoto Protocol, which called for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.[216][217] He was opposed by the Senate, which passed unanimously (95–0) the Byrd–Hagel Resolution (S. Res. 98),[99] which stated the sense of the Senate was that the United States should not be a signatory to any protocol that did not include binding targets and timetables for developing as well as industrialized nations or "would result in serious harm to the economy of the United States".[218]
In 2004, Gore co-launched
In 2013, Gore became a vegan.[222] He had earlier admitted that "it's absolutely correct that the growing meat intensity of diets across the world is one of the issues connected to this global crisis – not only because of the [carbon dioxide] involved, but also because of the water consumed in the process"[223] and some speculate that his adoption of the new diet is related to his environmentalist stance.[223] In a 2014 interview, Gore said "Over a year ago I changed my diet to a vegan diet, really just to experiment to see what it was like. ... I felt better, so I've continued with it and I'm likely to continue it for the rest of my life."[224]
Gore's An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth to Power, a sequel to his 2006 film, An Inconvenient Truth, premiered at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival. The film documents his continuing efforts to battle climate change.[225]
A "Climate and Health Summit" which was originally going to be held by the
In November 2021, Gore spoke at the early stages of the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) in Glasgow, Scotland.[230] He later criticised the Morrison government for failing to increase Australia's 2030 emissions reduction target.[231]
Criticism
In the late 1980s and 1990s, Gore was criticized for his involvement in asking the
A number of people and organizations, including Marsha Blackburn, a current U.S. Senator and former Congresswoman from Tennessee, and a conservative Washington, D.C. think tank, have claimed that Gore has a conflict of interest for advocating for taxpayer subsidies of green-energy technologies in which he has a personal investment.[233][234] Additionally, he has been criticized for his above-average energy consumption in using private jets, and in owning multiple, very large homes,[235] one of which was reported in 2007 as using high amounts of electricity.[236][237] Gore's spokesperson responded by stating that the Gores use renewable energy which is more expensive than regular energy and that the Tennessee house in question has been retrofitted to make it more energy efficient.[238][239]
Data in An Inconvenient Truth have been questioned. In a 2007 court case, a British judge said that while he had "no doubt ...the film was broadly accurate" and its "four main scientific hypotheses ...are supported by a vast quantity of research",[240] he upheld nine of a "long schedule" of alleged errors presented to the court. He ruled that the film could be shown to schoolchildren in the UK if guidance notes given to teachers were amended to balance out the film's one-sided political views. Gore's spokesperson responded in 2007 that the court had upheld the film's fundamental thesis and its use as an educational tool.[241] In 2009, Gore described the British court ruling as being "in my favor".[242]
During the
Gore was also criticized when in 2012 he sold his television channel
Personal life
Gore met Mary Elizabeth "Tipper" Aitcheson at his St. Albans senior prom in 1965. She was from the nearby St. Agnes School.[16] Tipper followed Gore to Boston to attend college,[15] and they married at the Washington National Cathedral on May 19, 1970.[15][247][248][249]
They have four children; Karenna Gore (b. 1973), Kristin Carlson Gore (b. 1977), Sarah LaFon Gore (b. 1979) and Albert Arnold Gore III (b. 1982).[36]
In June 2010, the Gores announced in an e-mail to friends that after "long and careful consideration", they had made a mutual decision to separate.[250][251] In May 2012, it was reported that Gore started dating Elizabeth Keadle of Rancho Santa Fe,[252] California.[253]
Before beginning his political career, he attended the New Salem Missionary
Awards and honors
Gore is the recipient of a number of awards, including the
Selected publications
Books
- The Future: Six Drivers of Global Change. Random House. 2013. ISBN 978-0-8129-9294-6.
- ISBN 978-1-59486-734-7.
- Know Climate Change and 101 Q and A on Climate Change from 'Save Planet Earth Series', 2008 (children's books)
- Our Purpose: The Nobel Peace Prize Lecture 2007. Rodale Books. 2008. ISBN 978-1-60529-990-7.
- ISBN 978-1-59420-122-6.
- ISBN 978-1-59486-567-1.
- Joined at the Heart: The Transformation of the American Family- (with Tipper Gore). New York: Owl Henry Holt. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8050-7450-5.
- The Spirit of Family (with Tipper Gore). New York: H. Holt. 2002. ISBN 978-0-8050-6894-8.
- From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government That Works Better and Costs Less. Amsterdam: Fredonia Books. 2001. ISBN 978-1-58963-571-5.
- Gore, Al (1998). Common Sense Government: Works Better & Costs Less: National Performance Review (3rd Report). DIANE. ISBN 978-0-7881-3908-6.
- Gore, Albert (1997). Businesslike Government: lessons learned from America's best companies (with Scott Adams). DIANE. ISBN 978-0-7881-7053-9.
- Earth in the Balance: Forging a New Common Purpose. Earthscan. 1992. ISBN 978-0-618-05664-4.
- Putting People First: How We Can All Change America. (with William J. Clinton). New York: Times Books, 1992 .
Articles
- "Toward Sustainable Capitalism: Long-term incentives are the antidote to the short-term greed that caused our current economic woes Archived July 20, 2017, at the Wayback Machine. The Wall Street Journal, June 24, 2010.(With David Blood)
- "We Can't Wish Away Climate Change Archived February 9, 2017, at the Wayback Machine." The New York Times, February 27, 2010.
- "The Climate for Change Archived March 29, 2017, at the Wayback Machine." The New York Times, November 9, 2008.
- Vice President Al Gore's introduction to Earthwatch: 24 Hours In Cyberspace. February 8, 1996. 24 Hours in Cyberspace
- "Foreword by Vice President Al Gore Archived June 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine." In The Internet Companion: A Beginner's Guide to Global Networking (2nd edition) Archived August 7, 2011, at the Wayback Machine by Tracy LaQuey, 1994.
- "Introduction. In Silent Spring by Rachel Carson. 1994. New York : Houghton-Mifflin.
- The Climate Change Action Plan. Washington, D.C.: The White House, October 1993 (with William J. Clinton).
- "Infrastructure for the global village: computers, networks and public policy." Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks, September 1991. 265(3): 150–153.
See also
Notes
- electoral college. Gore won the national popular vote, but lost the electoral college, thereby losing the election to Bush.[1]
- ^ The annual Marver H. Bernstein Symposium on Governmental Reform was established by Georgetown University in memory of Marver Bernstein, a professor at their School of Foreign Service, former president of Brandeis University, expert on public administration and author of research on the role of the federal executive.
References
- S2CID 120778921. Archived from the original(PDF) on March 18, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ a b Gore, Al. "Al's Bio". AlGore.com. Archived from the original on June 23, 2010. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Coile, Zachary (November 13, 2007). "Gore joins Valley's Kleiner Perkins to push green business". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 23, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- ^ a b "Partner bio at Kleiner Perkins". Kleiner Perkins. Archived from the original on July 22, 2010. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- ^ Office of Public Affairs (January 25, 2001). "Former Vice President Al Gore to Teach at Columbia's School of Journalism". Columbia News: the Public Affairs and Record Home Page. Columbia University. Archived from the original on May 13, 2011. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- ^ "Al Gore To Teach At Fisk University—Brief Article". Jet. February 19, 2001. Archived from the original on January 26, 2008. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
- ^ Lee, Cynthia; Ko, Amy (2001). "Training the Next Community Builders:Gore taps faculty expertise". UCLA Today. Archived from the original on May 16, 2011. Retrieved August 20, 2008.
- ^ "Al Gore". World Resources Institute. Archived from the original on April 13, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2015.
- ^ Bono (December 19, 2007). "Time Person of the Year 2007 Runners-Up: Al Gore". Time. Archived from the original on December 21, 2007. Retrieved June 26, 2010.
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Bibliography
- Agre, Phil. Who Invented "Invented"?: Tracing the Real Story of the "Al Gore Invented the Internet" Hoax. October 17, 2000
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- Turque, Bill, Inventing Al Gore, ISBN 978-0-618-13160-0
External links
- Board of Trustees at World Economic Forum
- Official website
- Al Gore at IMDb
- Biography at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- Financial information (federal office) at the Federal Election Commission
- Al Gore at TED
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Al Gore on Nobelprize.org including his Nobel Lecture December 10, 2007