Alauddin Husain Shah
Alauddin Husain Shah | |
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Sultan of Shahzada Danyal Several others | |
Father | Sayyid Ashraf Al-Husaini |
Religion | Islam |
History of Bangladesh |
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Bangladesh portal |
Ala-ud-din Husain Shah (
Origin and early life
The dynasty's founder, Alauddin Husain Shah was possibly of
The Riyaz-us-Salatin mentions Husain's father Sayyid Ashraf Al-Husaini later inhabiting Termez (in Turkestan) for a long period before settling in the Chandpur mouza of Rarh (western Bengal). Husain and his elder brother, Yusuf, spent their childhood studying under the local Qadi, who later married his daughter to Husain due to his noble background.[9] Chandpur is often equated to the village of Chandpara in Murshidabad district, where a number of inscriptions can be founded during the early part of Husain's reign. Husain had also constructed the Kherur Mosque in Chandpara in the first year of his reign in 1494.[10][11] A lake in this village, called Shaikher Dighi, is also associated with Husain.[12] Krishnadasa Kaviraja, a Vaishnavist author born during Husain's reign, claims that Husain worked for Subuddhi Rai, a revenue officer in the erstwhile Bengali capital Gaur, and was severely whipped during the excavation of a lake. Local traditions in Murshidabad also claim that Husain was the rakhal (cow-keeper) for a Brahmin in Chandpara.[13]Part of a series on the |
Bengal Sultanate |
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On the other hand,
16th-century Portuguese explorer
Accession
Most sources are in agreement that Husain was appointed the Wazir (prime minister) of Sultan Shamsuddin Muzaffar Shah (r. 1490-1494). Initially, Husain secretly sympathized with the rebels but ultimately he put himself openly as their head and besieged the citadel, where Muzaffar Shah shut himself with a few thousand soldiers. According to the 16th-century historian Nizamuddin, the Sultan was secretly assassinated by Husain with the help of the paiks (palace-guards), which ended the Abyssinian rule in Bengal.[1]
Reign
History of Bengal |
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Husain Shah's long reign of more than a quarter of a century was a period of peace and prosperity, which was strikingly contrast to the period that preceded it. The liberal attitude of Husain Shah towards his Hindu subjects is also an important feature of his reign.[1]
Initial administrative actions
Immediately after accession to the throne, Husain Shah ordered his soldiers to refrain from plundering
Engagement with the Delhi Sultanate
Sultan
Kamata-Kamrup expedition
In 1498, Husain Shah's general
Odisha campaigns
According to the
Capture of Pratapgarh
When Gouhar Khan, the Bengali governor of Sylhet (in present-day Bangladesh) died, the district was seized by ruler of the neighbouring kingdom of Pratapgarh, Sultan Bazid.[20] One of Husain Shah's nobles, a Hindu convert named Surwar Khan was sent to confront Bazid and when attempts at negotiations failed, fought against the Sultan and his allies. Bazid was defeated and captured and was forced to give heavy concessions in order to keep his kingdom, though under the suzerainty of Bengal. In reward for his actions, Surwar Khan was named the new governor of Sylhet and the defeated Sultan's daughter was given in marriage to his son, Mir Khan.[21][22]
Expeditions to Tripura and Arakan
According to Rajmala, a late royal chronicle of Tripura, Husain Shah despatched his army four times to Tripura, but the Tripura army offered stiff resistance and did not yield any territory. But the Sonargaon inscription of Khawas Khan (1513) is interpreted by a number of modern scholars as an evidence of annexure of at least a part of Tripura by Husain Shah's army.[1]
During Husain Shah's expeditions to Tripura, the ruler of
The Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama, arrived India by sea in 1498.[23] Consequently, a Portuguese mission came to Bengal to establish diplomatic relations towards the end of Husain Shah's reign.[10]
Cultural contribution
The reign of Husain Shah witnessed a remarkable development of Bengali literature.
During his reign, an Islamic scholar known as Shaykh Muhammad ibn Yazdan Bakhsh Bengali visited Ekdala where he transcribed Sahih al-Bukhari and gifted it to the Sultan in Sonargaon. The manuscript is currently kept at the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library in Bankipore, Patna, Bihar.[28]
Religious tolerance
The reign of Husain Shah is also known for
Family and issue
Husain Shah had eighteen sons and at least eleven daughters.[31][32] Among these are:
- Kamata kingdom.[31]
- Nasiruddin Nasrat Shah alias Ali Shah: succeeded his father. Reigned as Sultan of Bengal from 1519 to 1532.[34]
- Ghiyasuddin Mahmud Shah: reigned as Sultan of Bengal from 1533 to 1538.[34]
- Raushan Akhtar Banu: possibly a granddaughter. Married
- A daughter: married Kandarpadeva, a son of the Brahmin Madan Bhaduri of Bhaturia.[32]
- A daughter: married another son of Madan Bhaduri of Bhaturia.[32]
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.215-20
- ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
- ^ "The Rise of Islam and the Bengal Frontier, 1204–1760". publishing.cdlib.org. Archived from the original on 2021-12-25. Retrieved 2021-03-20.
- ISBN 978-0-520-20507-9. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
Ala al-Din Hasan, a Mecan Arab...
- ISBN 978-1-84331-152-2. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ISBN 978-1-4766-0888-4. Archivedfrom the original on 2023-08-02. Retrieved 2023-10-29.
- ISBN 9781118274026.
In their embassy to Bengal, at the time under the control of the Afghan Hussain Shahi dynasty,
- ISBN 9781433108204.
- ^ Salim, Gulam Hussain; tr. from Persian; Abdus Salam (1902). Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal. Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press. pp. 127–131.
- ^ OL 30677644M. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- OL 30677644M. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ "Chronological History of Murshidabad". Independent Sultanate of Gauda. District Administration. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
- ^ a b c Tarafdar, Momtazur Rahman (1965). "Appendix B: The early life of Husain". Husain Shahi Bengal: a socio-political study. University Of Dacca. p. 356-360.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C., ed. (1960). "Bengal". The Delhi Sultanate. Vol. 6. Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. 215.
- ^ OCLC 924890.
- ^ Ahmed, Sharif Uddin, ed. (1999). Sylhet: History and Heritage. Bangladesh Itihas Samiti. pp. 670–676.
- ^ Md. Rezaul Karim, 'Qutubuddin Azam, Nasiruddin Ibrahim and Ghiyasuddin Nusrat, three New Rulers of Sultani Bengal: Their Identification and Chronology', Journal of Bengal Art, Vol. 17, 2012: 215-27.
- ISBN 9780143416784.
- ^ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.143, 192
- ISBN 978-81-8370-131-0, archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28, retrieved 2020-01-20
- ^ *Choudhury, Achyut Charan (2000) [1910], Srihatter Itibritta: Purbangsho (in Bengali), Kolkata: Kotha, p. 294, archived from the original on 2020-06-26, retrieved 2020-01-20
- ISBN 978-984-31-0478-6, archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28, retrieved 2020-01-20
- ^ "KingListsFarEast". Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2011-05-04.
- ISBN 81-7066-966-9, pp.208-11
- ISBN 81-7066-966-9, p.189
- ISBN 81-7066-966-9, p.99
- ^ Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.693
- ^ Mawlana Nur Muhammad Azmi. "2.2 বঙ্গে এলমে হাদীছ" [2.2 Knowledge of Hadith in Bengal]. হাদীছের তত্ত্ব ও ইতিহাস [Information and history of Hadith] (in Bengali). Emdadia Library. p. 24.
- ^ a b Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, p.634
- ^ a b Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) (2006). The Delhi Sultanate, Mumbai: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, pp.513-4
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87099-328-2. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
- ^ ISBN 9780836418026. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ISBN 978-81-8090-007-5. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-8108-8024-5. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
- ISBN 978-81-87337-11-9. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-09-21.
- ^ Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2014). "Ibrahim Danishmand, Saiyid". Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 2018-11-03. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
- ISBN 9780836418026. Archivedfrom the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2020-09-21.