Albany, New York
Albany | |
---|---|
SUNY Albany | |
UTC−4 (EDT) | |
ZIP Codes | 12201–12212, 12214, 12220, 12222–12232 |
Area codes | 518, 838 |
Geocode | 977310, 978659 |
ISO 3166 code | 36-01000 |
FIPS code | 36-01000 |
GNIS feature ID | 977310[6] |
Website | albanyny.gov |
Albany (/ˈɔːlbəni/ ⓘ AWL-bə-nee) is the capital and oldest city in the U.S. state of New York and the seat of and the most populous city in the county of the same name. It is located on the west bank of the Hudson River, about 10 miles (16 km) south of its confluence with the Mohawk River, 135 miles (220 km) north of New York City, 170 miles (270 km) west of Boston, and about 220 miles (350 km) south of Montreal.
The city is known for its architecture, commerce, culture, institutions of higher education, and rich history. It is the economic and cultural core of the
The Hudson River area was originally inhabited by
In the late 18th century and throughout most of the 19th, Albany was a center of trade and transportation. The city lies toward the north end of the navigable Hudson River. It was the original eastern terminus of the
History
Mohican, Mohawk, and Dutch before 1660
The
According to Hendrick Aupaumut, the Mohicans came to the area from the north and the west. They settled along the Mahicannituck, which is now called the Hudson River, and called themselves the Muh-he-con-neok, the "People of the Waters That Are Never Still".[19]
The Mohawks, one of the Five Nations of the Iroquois Confederacy, were based in the Mohawk valley and noted for their fur trading and their access to trade between the Iroquois and other nations.[20] The Mohawk became strong trading partners with the Dutch and English. It is likely that the area was visited by European fur traders perhaps as early as 1540, but the extent and duration of those visits are unclear.[21]
Permanent European claims began when Englishman
British occupation to 1800
Albany is one of the oldest surviving European settlements from the original Thirteen Colonies[28] and the longest continuously chartered city in the United States.[h] When New Netherland was captured by the English in 1664, the name was changed from Beverwijck to Albany in honor of the Duke of Albany (later James II).[31][i] Duke of Albany was a Scottish title given since 1398, generally to a younger son of the King of Scots.[32] The name is ultimately derived from Alba, the Gaelic name for Scotland.[33] The Dutch briefly regained Albany in August 1673 and renamed the city Willemstadt; the English took permanent possession in 1674 with the Treaty of Westminster.[34] On November 1, 1683, the Province of New York was split into counties, with Albany County being the largest: it included all of present New York State north of Dutchess and Ulster Counties in addition to present-day Bennington County, Vermont, theoretically stretching west to the Pacific Ocean;[35][36] Albany became the county seat.[37] Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by provincial Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. The Dongan Charter was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to the city of New York three months earlier.[38] Dongan created Albany as a strip of land 1 mile (1.6 km) wide and 16 miles (26 km) long.[39] Over the years Albany would lose much of the land to the west and annex land to the north and south. At this point, Albany had a population of about 500 people.[40]
In 1754, representatives of seven
During and after the Revolutionary War, Albany County saw a great increase in real estate transactions. After
On November 17, 1793, fire broke out at a stable belonging to
In 1797, the
1800 to 1942
Albany has been a center of transportation for much of its history. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Albany saw development of the turnpike and by 1815, Albany was the turnpike center of the state. The development of Simeon De Witt's gridded block system in 1794—which renamed streets that had originally honored British royalty with names of birds and mammals instead[k]—was intersected by these major arterials coming out of Albany, cutting through the city at unexpected angles.[52][53] The construction of the turnpike, in conjunction with canal and railroad systems, made Albany the hub of transportation for pioneers going to Buffalo and the Michigan Territory in the early and mid-19th century.[52][54]
In 1807,
Albany also has significant history with
Albany's other major exports during the 18th and 19th centuries were furs, wheat, meat, and lumber.[80] By 1865, there were almost 4,000 saw mills in the Albany area[80] and the Albany Lumber District was the largest lumber market in the nation.[75] The city was also home to a number of banks. The Bank of Albany (1792–1861) was the second chartered bank in New York.[81] The city was the original home of the Albank (founded in 1820 as the Albany Savings Bank),[82] KeyBank (founded in 1825 as the Commercial Bank of Albany),[83] and Norstar Bank (founded as the State Bank of Albany in 1803).[84] American Express was founded in Albany in 1850 as an express mail business.[85] In 1871, the northwestern portion of Albany—west from Magazine Street—was annexed to the neighboring town of Guilderland[86] after the town of Watervliet refused annexation of the territory.[87][88] In return for this loss, portions of Bethlehem and Watervliet were added to Albany. Part of the land annexed to Guilderland was ceded back to Albany in 1910, setting up the current western border.[57]
The train carrying the body of slain President Abraham Lincoln came through Albany on the way to Illinois and some claim the ghostly image of that train remains.[89]
Albany opened one of the first commercial airports in the world, and the first municipal airport in the United States, in 1908. Originally on a polo field on Loudon Road, it moved to
1942 to present day
Erastus Corning 2nd, arguably Albany's most notable mayor (and great-grandson of the former mayor of the same name), was elected in 1941.[91] Although he was one of the longest-serving mayors of any city in United States history (1942 until his death in 1983), one historian describes Corning's tenure as "long on years, short on accomplishments,"[92] citing Corning's preference for maintaining the status quo as a factor that held back potential progress during his tenure.[93] While Corning brought stability to the office of mayor, it is said even those who admire him greatly cannot come up with a sizable list of "major concrete Corning achievements."[94] Corning is given credit for saving—albeit somewhat unintentionally—much of Albany's historic architecture.[m]
During the 1950s and 1960s, a time when federal aid for urban renewal was plentiful,[93] Albany did not have growth in its economy or infrastructure. It lost more than 20 percent of its population during the Corning years, as people moved to newer housing in the suburbs, followed by most of the downtown businesses moving there as well.[95] While cities across the country grappled with similar issues, the problems were magnified in Albany: interference from the Democratic political machine hindered progress considerably.[93] In 1960, the mayor sold the city's stake in the airport to the county, citing budget issues. It was known from then on as Albany County Airport until a massive upgrade and modernization project between 1996 and 1998, when it was rebranded Albany International Airport.[n]
Governor
Another major project of the 1960s and 1970s was the construction of Interstate 787 and the South Mall Arterial.[o] Construction began in the early 1960s. A proposed Mid-Crosstown Arterial never came to fruition.[101] One of the project's main results was separating the city from the Hudson River. Historian Paul Grondahl has described Corning as shortsighted with respect to use of the waterfront, saying the mayor could have used his influence to change the location of I-787, which now cuts the city off from "its whole raison d'être"[102] In 1967, the hamlet of Karlsfeld was the last annexation by the city, sourced from the Town of Bethlehem.[57]
When Corning died in 1983, Thomas Whalen assumed the mayorship and was reelected twice. He encouraged redevelopment of historic structures and helped attract federal dollars earmarked for that purpose. What Corning had saved from destruction, Whalen refurbished for continued and new uses.[103] The Mayor's Office of Special Events was created in an effort to increase the number of festivals and artistic events in the city, including a year-long Dongan Charter tricentennial celebration in 1986.[104] Whalen is credited for an "unparalleled cycle of commercial investment and development" in Albany due to his "aggressive business development programs".[105]
Prior to the
During the 1990s, the State Legislature approved the $234 million "Albany Plan", "a building and renovation project [that] was the most ambitious building project to affect the area since the Rockefeller era." Under the Albany Plan, renovation and new building projects were initiated around the downtown area. Many state workers were relocated from the Harriman State Office Campus to downtown, helping its retail businesses and vitality.[13] The first decade of the 21st century saw a real possibility for a long-discussed and controversial Albany Convention Center; it opened in 2017 with the goal of making Albany a viable location for large events hosted by statewide organizations.[109]
Albany remains an important location for business presence, given its role as de facto seat of
Albany won the All-America City Award in both 1991 and 2009.[116]
Notable people
Geography
Albany is about 150 miles (240 km) north of
The highest natural point in Albany is a USGS
Climate
Albany is in the
Climate data for Albany International Airport, New York (1991–2020 normals,[p] extremes 1874–present[q]) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 71 (22) |
74 (23) |
89 (32) |
93 (34) |
97 (36) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
102 (39) |
100 (38) |
91 (33) |
82 (28) |
72 (22) |
104 (40) |
Mean maximum °F (°C) | 54.5 (12.5) |
54.5 (12.5) |
65.9 (18.8) |
80.9 (27.2) |
87.8 (31.0) |
92.0 (33.3) |
92.7 (33.7) |
90.6 (32.6) |
87.0 (30.6) |
77.8 (25.4) |
67.7 (19.8) |
56.4 (13.6) |
94.5 (34.7) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 32.8 (0.4) |
36.0 (2.2) |
45.3 (7.4) |
59.2 (15.1) |
71.2 (21.8) |
79.4 (26.3) |
83.9 (28.8) |
82.0 (27.8) |
74.4 (23.6) |
61.6 (16.4) |
49.3 (9.6) |
38.2 (3.4) |
59.4 (15.2) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 24.4 (−4.2) |
26.8 (−2.9) |
35.7 (2.1) |
48.1 (8.9) |
59.6 (15.3) |
68.4 (20.2) |
73.1 (22.8) |
71.4 (21.9) |
63.5 (17.5) |
51.4 (10.8) |
40.5 (4.7) |
30.4 (−0.9) |
49.4 (9.7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 15.9 (−8.9) |
17.6 (−8.0) |
26.1 (−3.3) |
36.9 (2.7) |
48.1 (8.9) |
57.4 (14.1) |
62.4 (16.9) |
60.7 (15.9) |
52.6 (11.4) |
41.1 (5.1) |
31.6 (−0.2) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
39.4 (4.1) |
Mean minimum °F (°C) | −6.0 (−21.1) |
−2.4 (−19.1) |
7.8 (−13.4) |
23.7 (−4.6) |
33.8 (1.0) |
43.3 (6.3) |
51.5 (10.8) |
48.9 (9.4) |
37.6 (3.1) |
27.0 (−2.8) |
16.0 (−8.9) |
4.6 (−15.2) |
−8.4 (−22.4) |
Record low °F (°C) | −28 (−33) |
−22 (−30) |
−21 (−29) |
9 (−13) |
26 (−3) |
35 (2) |
40 (4) |
34 (1) |
24 (−4) |
16 (−9) |
−11 (−24) |
−22 (−30) |
−28 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.60 (66) |
2.28 (58) |
3.09 (78) |
3.11 (79) |
3.41 (87) |
4.05 (103) |
4.55 (116) |
3.76 (96) |
3.73 (95) |
3.85 (98) |
2.99 (76) |
3.26 (83) |
40.68 (1,033) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 15.6 (40) |
13.7 (35) |
12.0 (30) |
1.6 (4.1) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
2.6 (6.6) |
13.3 (34) |
59.2 (150) |
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) | 8 (20) |
8 (20) |
8 (20) |
1 (2.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1 (2.5) |
7 (18) |
8 (20) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 12.7 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 12.7 | 12.2 | 11.4 | 11.0 | 9.7 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 139.2 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 10.1 | 7.8 | 5.7 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.4 | 7.0 | 34.5 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
71.1 | 68.5 | 64.8 | 61.2 | 65.5 | 69.5 | 70.5 | 74.1 | 75.7 | 72.4 | 73.1 | 73.9 | 70.0 |
Average dew point °F (°C) | 12.9 (−10.6) |
14.5 (−9.7) |
22.6 (−5.2) |
32.2 (0.1) |
45.0 (7.2) |
55.0 (12.8) |
60.3 (15.7) |
59.4 (15.2) |
52.3 (11.3) |
40.3 (4.6) |
31.1 (−0.5) |
19.4 (−7.0) |
37.1 (2.8) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 141.1 | 158.5 | 200.3 | 218.9 | 248.9 | 262.2 | 289.2 | 253.2 | 210.5 | 168.8 | 100.7 | 108.3 | 2,360.6 |
Percent possible sunshine | 48 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 55 | 57 | 62 | 59 | 56 | 49 | 34 | 38 | 53 |
Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
Source 1: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point, and sun 1961–1990)[129][131][132] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas[133] |
Cityscape
Neighborhoods
The neighborhoods of Albany[134][135] include Arbor Hill;[136] Center Square, "[an] eclectic mix of residential and commercial [buildings], including bars, night clubs, restaurants, and stores";[137] Pine Hills;[138] and the South End.[139]
Demographics
City of immigrants
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 3,498 | — | |
1800 | 5,349 | 52.9% | |
1810 | 10,762 | 101.2% | |
1820 | 12,630 | 17.4% | |
1830 | 24,209 | 91.7% | |
1840 | 33,721 | 39.3% | |
1850 | 50,763 | 50.5% | |
1860 | 62,367 | 22.9% | |
1870 | 69,422 | 11.3% | |
1880 | 90,758 | 30.7% | |
1890 | 94,923 | 4.6% | |
1900 | 94,151 | −0.8% | |
1910 | 100,253 | 6.5% | |
1920 | 113,344 | 13.1% | |
1930 | 127,412 | 12.4% | |
1940 | 130,577 | 2.5% | |
1950 | 134,995 | 3.4% | |
1960 | 129,726 | −3.9% | |
1970 | 115,781 | −10.7% | |
1980 | 101,727 | −12.1% | |
1990 | 101,082 | −0.6% | |
2000 | 95,658 | −5.4% | |
2010 | 97,856 | 2.3% | |
2020 | 99,224 | 1.4% | |
2022 (est.) | 100,826 | 1.6% | |
Sources: 1790–1950,[140] 1960–1980,[141] 1990–2000[142] 2010–2020[143] |
Historically, Albany's population has been mixed. First dominated by Mohican and Mohawk, then Dutch and Germans, it was overtaken by the British in the early 19th century. Irish immigrants soon outnumbered most other ethnicities by the mid-19th century, and were followed by Italians and Poles. In the mid-to-late 20th century, the African-American population increased with thousands of people from the rural South, as part of the Great Migration. As historian (and Albany Assemblyman) John McEneny puts it,
Dutch and Yankee, German and Irish, Polish and Italian, black and Chinese—over the centuries Albany's heritage has reflected a succession of immigrant nationalities. Its streets have echoed with a dozen languages, its neighborhoods adapting to the distinctive life-style and changing economic fortunes of each new group.[144]
Until after the Revolution, Albany's population consisted mostly of ethnic Dutch descendants. Settlers migrating from New England tipped the balance toward British ethnicity in the early 19th century.
Albany saw its last large immigration pattern as part of the
Since 2007, the number of Burmese refugees to Albany has increased. The Burmese refugee community consists mostly of persons of Karen ethnicity. An estimated 5,000 Burmese refugees reside in Albany as of January 2015[update].[151][152]
Religious participation
Like most cities of comparable age and size, Albany has well-established
A significant Jewish presence has existed in Albany as early as 1658.[164] As of 2010, Albany is home to two Conservative synagogues, a Chabad-Lubavitch synagogue, an Orthodox synagogue, and two Reform synagogues.[165] Albany is also home to one of the few Karaite synagogues outside Israel.[166][verification needed] As of 2008, the total membership in Albany's synagogues was estimated at 12,000-13,000, with half the members residing outside the city.[164] Since the early 2000s, there has been an increase in Orthodox Jews moving to Albany from the New York Metro area, largely due to cheaper housing prices and closer walking proximity to synagogues.[167]
The Islamic community in Albany and its surrounding suburbs is represented by at least four major mosques in the region. The Muslim population increased substantially starting in the late 2000s, with the arrival of many refugees from countries such as Iraq, Syria, and Afghanistan.[168]
Exact numbers on religious denominations in Albany are not readily available. Demographic statistics in the United States depend heavily on the
Modern overview
2020 census
Race / Ethnicity | Pop 2010[172] | Pop 2020[173] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
---|---|---|---|---|
White alone (NH)
|
52,857 | 44,392 | 54.02% | 44.74% |
Black or African American alone (NH)
|
28,479 | 29,222 | 29.10% | 29.45% |
Alaska Native alone (NH)
|
191 | 241 | 0.20% | 0.24% |
Asian alone (NH) | 4,850 | 7,949 | 4.96% | 8.01% |
Pacific Islander alone (NH) | 47 | 66 | 0.05% | 0.07% |
Some Other Race alone (NH) | 296 | 871 | 0.30% | 0.88% |
Mixed Race/Multi-Racial (NH) | 2,740 | 4,942 | 2.80% | 4.98% |
Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 8,396 | 11,541 | 8.58% | 11.63% |
Total | 97,856 | 99,224 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
This section needs to be updated.(September 2021) |
As of April 1, 2020, Albany's population is 99,224.[174]
With a 2013 Census-estimated population of 1.1 million,[175] the Capital District is the third-most populous metropolitan region in the state.
As of the
As of 2010, 20.0% of Albany's population was under the age of 18, 19.3% was aged 18 to 24, 29.2% was aged 25 to 44, 18.1% was aged 45 to 64, and 13.4% was aged 65 years or older. The median age was 31.4 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males. Some 81.3% of the population had completed high school or earned an equivalency diploma.[142]
As of the
There were 40,709 households in Albany in 2000, out of which 22.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25.3% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.8% were non-families. 41.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.95.[142]
The median income for a household in the city in 2000 was $91,525, and the median income for a family was $94,989 (male, year-round worker) and $86,168 (female, year-round worker). The
Demographically speaking, the population of Albany and the Capital District mirrors the characteristics of the United States consumer population as a whole better than any other major municipality in the country. According to a 2004 study conducted by the Acxiom Corporation, Albany and its environs are the top-ranked standard test market for new business and retail products. Albany, Rochester, and Syracuse all scored within the top five.[182]
According to the 2020 American Community Survey, the Latino population was: 4.57% Puerto Rican, 1.45% Dominican, .84% Ecuadorian, .77% Mexican, .69% Salvadoran, .22% Cuban.[183]
Crime
Albany's violent crime rate was 837/100,000 residents in 2018,[184] compared to 1,043 in Buffalo,[185] 778 in Rochester, 703 in Syracuse,[186] and 541 in New York City.[187] New York State had statewide violent crime rate of 358/100,000 people in 2019.[188] Total violent crime rate in the US in 2019 was 367.[189]
Economy
Albany's economy, along with that of the Capital District in general, is heavily dependent on government,
Tech Valley
Since the 2000s, the economy of Albany and the surrounding Capital District has been directed toward
The area's
Arts and culture
Nightlife and entertainment
Albany's geographic situation—roughly equidistant from New York City to the south and Montreal to the north—makes it a convenient stop for nationally touring artists and acts. The Palace Theatre and The Egg are mid-sized forums for music, theater, and spoken-word performances; the Capital Repertory Theatre is smaller.[199] The MVP Arena is the city's largest musical venue for nationally and internationally prominent bands. It also hosts trade shows, sporting events, and other large gatherings.[200] Some people praise the cultural contributions of Albany and the greater Capital District;[104] others suggest that the city has a "cultural identity crisis" due to its widespread geography, which requires a car to reach most of what the area has to offer, a necessity not seen in larger and more densely populated metropolitan areas such as New York and Boston.[201]
In recent years, the city's government has invested resources to cultivate venues and neighborhoods that attract after-hours business.
Festivals
Alive at 5 is a free, weekly concert series held downtown during the summer on Thursdays;
The
Museums and historic sites
Because of Albany's historical and political significance, the city has numerous museums, historical buildings, and historic districts. Albany is home to the New York State Museum, the New York State Library and the New York State Archives; all three facilities are in the Cultural Education Center at the south end of Empire State Plaza and are free to the public.[213] The USS Slater (DE-766), a decommissioned World War II destroyer escort that was restored in 1998, is a museum ship docked in the Hudson River at Quay Street. It is the only ship of its kind still afloat.[214] The Albany Heritage Area Visitors Center, at the corner of Clinton Avenue and Broadway at Quackenbush Square, hosts a museum, gift shop, and the Henry Hudson Planetarium.[215] In early 2012, the Irish American Heritage Museum opened in downtown Albany. The museum is home to exhibits highlighting the contributions of the Irish people in America.[216]
The
Albany is home to 57 listings on the
Literature and film
Albany has been the subject, inspiration, or location for many written and cinematic works. Many non-fiction works have been written on the city. One of the city's more notable claims to fame is Ironweed (1983), the 1984 Pulitzer Prize-winning book by Albany native William Kennedy. Ironweed was the third in a series of books by Kennedy known as the "Albany Cycle".[222][223] The elusive author Trevanian also grew up in Albany and wrote The Crazyladies of Pearl Street (2005), about a North Albany neighborhood along Pearl Street. The book is considered a semi-autobiographical memoir.[224]
In 1987, the film version of
Authors
Architecture
The
Albany's initial architecture incorporated many Dutch influences, followed soon after by those of the English.
Architecture from the 1960s and 1970s is well represented in the city, especially at the
Downtown has seen a revival in recent decades, often considered to have begun with
Sports
Albany has no major league professional sports teams, and minor league teams typically have low support.[258]
The Albany Devils were a minor league ice hockey team that moved to the city for the 2010–11 season. They played in the American Hockey League and were affiliated with the New Jersey Devils of the National Hockey League.[259][260] The Devils replaced the Albany River Rats, who played in the Capital Region from 1990 to 2010, when they relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina. The Albany Devils moved to Binghamton, New York in 2017.[261]
The
The
The
With the large number of local colleges and universities around Albany, college sports are popular. The
UAlbany hosted the New York Giants training camp from 1996 to 2012.[271][272]
On February 23, 2021, it was announced that the National Lacrosse League (NLL) would return to the city with the relocation of the New England Black Wolves.[273] The team was named the Albany FireWolves on April 15, 2021.[274] This is the second NLL team to be based in the area; the first, the Albany Attack, played in the city from 2000 to 2003.[275]
The 518 Ballers (American Basketball Association) have played at Our Savior's Christian School since 2023.[276]
Parks and recreation
Albany has more than 60 public parks and recreation areas.[278] Washington Park was organized as the Middle Public Square in 1806. Its current location has been public property since the Dongan Charter of 1686 gave the city title to all property not privately owned. Washington Park was designed by John Bogart and John Cuyler in 1870,[279] and opened for public use the following year. The original lake house, designed by Frederick W. Brown, was added in 1876. The park had previously been used as a cemetery; its graves were moved to Albany Rural Cemetery. Washington Park is a popular place to exercise and play sports; skate during the winter; people-watch during Tulip Fest; and attend plays at the amphitheater during the summer.[279][280][281][282]
Other parks in Albany include Lincoln Park, Buckingham Park, the Corning Preserve, and the Pine Bush. Lincoln Park, southwest of the Empire State Plaza, was organized in 1886 and was originally known as Beaver Park.[283] Today, the park has a pool that is open during the summer months. Buckingham Lake Park is between Manning Boulevard and Route 85 in the Buckingham Pond neighborhood; it contains a pond with fountains, a footpath, a playground, and picnic tables.[284] The Albany Riverfront Park at the Corning Preserve has an 800-seat amphitheatre that hosts events in non-winter months, most notably the Alive at 5 summer concert series. The Preserve's visitors center details the ecology of the Hudson River and the local environment.[285] The park has a bike trail and boat launch[285] and was effectively separated from downtown by Interstate 787 until the opening of the Hudson River Way in 2002.[253]
Other public parks include Westland Hill Park, Hoffman Park, Beverwyck Park,[286] and Liberty Park, today a small circular grassy patch in downtown on Hudson Avenue, which is Albany's oldest park.[287] Ridgefield Park is home to the clay courts of the Albany Tennis Club, one of the oldest tennis clubs in the United States.[288] The municipal golf course, New Course at Albany, was constructed in 1929 as the Albany Municipal Golf Course, later renamed the Capital Hills at Albany, and remodeled in 1991.[289]
Government
Albany has a
While Albany has its own city government, it has also been the seat of Albany County since the county's formation in 1683 and the capital of New York since 1797. As such, the city is home to all branches of the county and state governments, as well as its own. Albany City Hall sits on Eagle Street, opposite the State Capitol,[295] and the Albany County Office Building is on State Street.[296] The state government has offices scattered throughout the city.
Albany is in the
Politics
Albany's politics have been dominated by the Democratic Party since the 1920s; Daniel (Uncle Dan) O'Connell established a political machine in the city with the election of William Stormont Hackett as mayor in 1922.[301] Prior to that, William Barnes Jr. had set up a Republican machine in the 1890s. Barnes' success is attributed to the fact that he owned two newspapers in Albany and that he was the grandson of Thurlow Weed, the influential newspaper publisher and political boss.[302] O'Connell's organization overcame Barnes' in 1922 and survived well into the 1980s (even after his death), as the machine put forth candidates for whom the electorate dutifully voted. In many instances, votes were outright bought;[303] it was not uncommon for the machine to "buy poor folks' loyalty and trust with a fiver".[304]
Gerald Jennings' upset in the 1993 Democratic mayoral primary over Harold Joyce, who had the Democratic Party's formal endorsement and had only recently been its county chairman, is often cited as the end of the O'Connell era in Albany.[305] In the early 21st century, Albany continued to be dominated by the Democratic Party. Democratic Party enrollment in the city was 38,862 in 2009, while Republican enrollment was 3,487.[306] As of 2022, every elected city position had been held by a Democrat since 1931.[307]
In November 2013, Kathy Sheehan became the first woman to be elected Mayor of Albany.[308]
On 26 March 2024 the Albany City Council passed a resolution supporting an immediate ceasefire in Gaza.[309][310]
Education
The
The Albany Medical College (private), today part of Albany Medical Center, was founded in 1839.[325] Albany Law School (private) is the oldest law school in New York and the fourth-oldest in the country; it was opened in 1851. President William McKinley was an alumnus.[326] The Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (private) is the second-oldest pharmacy school in New York and the fifteenth-oldest in the United States.[327]
The
Media
The Times Union is Albany's primary daily newspaper and the only one based close to the city; its headquarters moved from within city limits to suburban Colonie in the 1960s after a dispute with Mayor Corning over land needed for expansion.[330] Its circulation totals about 73,000 on weekdays and 143,000 on Sundays.[331] Serving Albany to a lesser degree are The Daily Gazette, based in Schenectady,[332] and The Record, of Troy.[333] Metroland is the alternative newsweekly in the area, publishing each Thursday,[334] while The Business Review is a business weekly published each Friday.[335] The Legislative Gazette, another weekly newspaper, focuses exclusively on issues related to the Legislature and the state government.[336]
As of 2010, the Albany-Schenectady-Troy
Infrastructure
Transportation
Highways
The
Trains
Since the closure of
Airport
Albany's major airport is
Bus
The Capital District Transportation Authority (CDTA) provides bus service throughout Albany and the surrounding area, including Schenectady, Troy, and Saratoga Springs.[349] The city was once served by an urban streetcar service maintained by the United Traction Company. As in many American cities, after the advent of the automobile, light rail services declined in Albany and were replaced by bus and taxi services.[350] Greyhound Lines,[351] Trailways,[352] Peter Pan,[353] Short Line, Vermont Translines, and Yankee Trails[354] buses all serve a downtown terminal. Brown Coach provides commuter service.[355] Low-cost curbside bus service from the SUNY Albany campus and the Rensselaer station is also provided by Megabus, with direct service to New York City.
Boat
Albany, long an important Hudson River port, today serves domestic and international ships and barges through the
Sister cities
The city of
Albany's sister cities are:[359][360]
See also
- Albany's Golden Cue Billiard Lounge
- List of capitals in the United States
- List of cities in New York
- List of incorporated places in New York's Capital District
- List of people associated with Albany County, New York
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany, New York
- Neighborhoods of Albany, New York
- USS Albany, several ships
Notes
- ^ Also spelled Smallbany[2]
- area code.
- MSN Encarta states that this nickname "resulted from the meeting here in 1754 of the Albany Congress, which adopted Benjamin Franklin's Plan of Union, the first formal proposal to unite the colonies.[3]
- ^ In this instance, assiduity, "the quality of acting with constant and careful attention."[4]
- ^ On Birch Hill Road near Loudonville Reservoir.
- ^ Mean water elevation, varies with the tide.[7]
- Schenectady, to the west.[18]
- ^ The Dongan Charter incorporated Albany three months after New York City's charter was ratified. However, the latter forfeited its charter during Leisler's Rebellion, making Albany's the oldest effective charter in the country.[29][30]
- ^ James Stuart (1633–1701), brother and successor of Charles II, was both the Duke of York and Duke of Albany before being crowned king in 1685. His title of Duke of York is the source of the name of the province of New York.[31]
- ^ The Plan of Union's original intention was to unite the colonies in defense against aggressions of the French to the north; it was not an attempt to become independent from the auspices of the British crown.[42]
- Manor of Rensselaerswyck Stephen Van Rensselaer II followed the same directional system north of Clinton Avenue on his lands; however, the two systems were not related otherwise, which is why cross streets north and south of Clinton Avenue do not align. The stockade surrounding the city was taken down shortly before the Revolutionary War, allowing for expansion. De Witt, city surveyor at the time, continued the grid pattern to the west and renamed on his 1794 map any streets that had honored British Royalty. Hawk Street is the only road that retained its original name; the rest were renamed after birds and mammals.[50][51]
- Manor of Rensselaerswyck, which surrounded Albany.[57] It is the source of the name of the current town and village of Colonie.[58] Though retaining the original Dutch spelling, the municipality retains a unique pronunciation—/ˌkɒləˈniː/—that even a preeminent Beverwijck historian can not explain.[59]
- ^ Grondahl summarizes it as, "This hard-line position of isolationism on the part of the machine was a curse economically – but a strange blessing unintentionally in architectural terms. While downtown went to seed and plans for large-scale construction and improvements came to a virtual standstill in Albany without federal money, pockets of the city's historic housing stock escaped the wrecking ball."[93]
- ^ Albany International Airport is the public-facing brand of the Albany County Airport,[96] which remains overseen by the Albany County Airport Authority.[97]
- ^ The Empire State Plaza was originally known as the South Mall; the South Mall Arterial is the only remnant of that naming scheme.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020.
- ^ Official records for Albany kept January 1874 to May 1938 at downtown and at Albany Int'l since June 1938. For more information, see Threadex
- ^ The percentages listed here were calculated using the raw population data given by the Census Bureau divided by the total population, rounded to the nearest hundredth. These percentages were calculated using the total population value of 97,856 as the divisor, not the 94,233 people claiming one race.[142]
- ^ These values were given in 1999 dollars; here they have been adjusted for inflation.[142]
- ^ In 2009, Bank of America (which now owns FleetBank, the bank that eventually bought Norstar) consolidated its operations in an office building on State Street, leaving the former train station vacant.[247] Mayor Corning made great efforts to save the building, which had been owned by his great-grandfather's railroad a hundred years before. He was able to do it when governor Rockefeller brought state money in to purchase the building.[99]
- State Department of Education demanded the elimination of ineffective programs.[317]
- ^ The Accountability and Overview Report[318] puts the class of 2009 at 513 students and the Comprehensive Information Report[319] states that 416 of them graduated.
- ^ Christian Brothers Academy was located in various Albany locations throughout the 19th century and then moved to the University Heights neighborhood in 1937. The school moved out of the city to Colonie in 1998 and has remained there since.[322]
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Further reading
- The Albany Lumber Trade: Its History and Extent. Albany: The Argus Company. 1872. OCLC 8260640. (Full text via Google Books.)
- The Charter of the City of Albany; and the Laws and Ordinances Ordained and Established by the Mayor, Aldermen and Commonalty of the Said City, in Common Council Convened. Albany: Barber and Southwick. 1800. OCLC 55813771. (Full text via Google Books.)
- Button, Daniel Evan (2003). Take City Hall!. Albany: Whitston Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0-87875-542-4.
- Gehring, Charles T. (2000). Fort Orange Records 1656–1678. Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press. ISBN 978-0-585-30922-4.
- ISBN 978-0-670-52087-9.
- ISBN 978-0-965-47549-5.
- OCLC 11500714.
- Munsell, Joel (1865). Collections on the History of Albany: From its Discovery to the Present Time (Volume 1). Albany: Joel Munsell. OCLC 2750413. (Full text via Google Books.)
- Rittner, Don (2000). Images of America: Albany. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-0088-7.
- Roberts, Warren (2010). A Place in History: Albany in the Age of Revolution, 1775–1825. Albany: SUNY Press. ISBN 978-1-4384-3329-5.
- Scheltema, Gajus; Westerhuijs, Heleen, eds. (2011). Exploring Historic Dutch New York. New York: Museum of the City of New York / Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-48637-6.
- Weise, Arthur James (1884). The History of the City of Albany, New York, from the Discovery of the Great River in 1524 by Verrazzano to the Present Time. Albany: E.H. Bender. OCLC 337558.
External links
- Official website
- Albany, New York at Curlie