Albany County, New York
Albany County | |
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UTC−4 (EDT) | |
Congressional district | 20th |
Website | www |
Albany County (
Albany County constitutes the central core of the
History
Colonial
After
Albany's boundaries were defined more closely as state statutes would add land to the county, or more commonly subtract land for the formation of new counties.[6] In 1772 with the creation of Tryon and Charlotte counties, Albany gained definitive boundaries and included what are now Albany, Columbia, Rensselaer, Saratoga, and Schenectady counties; large parts of Greene and Washington counties; and the disputed southwest corner of Vermont.[7][a]
The city of Albany was the first municipality within this large county,
The
In a census of 1697, there were 1,452 individuals living in Albany County; two years later it would be counted as 2,016 at the beginning of King William's War. By the end of the war in 1698, the population had dropped to 1,482, but rebounded quickly and was at 2,273 by 1703. By 1723, it had increased to 6,501 and in 1731 to 8,573, which was slightly less than the population of the city of New York in the same year. In 1737, the inhabitants of Albany County would outnumber those of New York County by 17 people. In 1774, Albany County, with 42,706 people, was the largest county in colonial New York. According to the first Federal Census in 1790, Albany County reached 75,921 inhabitants and was still the state's largest county.[11]
Formation of towns
On March 7, 1788, the state of New York divided the entire state into towns eliminating districts as administrative units by passing New York Laws of 1788, Chapters 63 and 64.[12]
Timeline of boundary changes
Albany County was one of the original twelve counties created by the Province of New York on November 1, 1683.[13] At the time, it included all of New York state north of Dutchess and Ulster counties, all of what is now Bennington County in Vermont, and theoretically west to the Pacific Ocean.[14]
On May 27, 1717, Albany County was adjusted to gain an indefinite amount of land from Dutchess County and other non-county lands.[15]
On October 7, 1763,
On July 20, 1764, King George III established the boundary between New Hampshire and New York along the west bank of the Connecticut River, north of Massachusetts and south of the parallel of 45 degrees north latitude. Albany County implicitly gained present-day Vermont. Although disputes occasionally broke out later, this line became the boundary between New Hampshire and Vermont, and has remained unchanged to the present. When New York refused to recognize land titles through the New Hampshire Grants (towns created earlier by New Hampshire in present Vermont), dissatisfied colonists organized in opposition, which led to the creation of independent Vermont in 1777.[17]
On July 3, 1766, Cumberland County was partitioned from Albany County to cover all territory to the northern and eastern limits of the colony, including Windsor County, most of Windham County, and parts of Bennington and Rutland counties in present-day Vermont.[18]
On June 26, 1767, Albany County regained all of Cumberland County.[19]
On March 19, 1768, Albany County was re-partitioned, and Cumberland County restored.[20]
On March 16, 1770, Albany County was again partitioned. Gloucester County was created to include all of Orange, Caledonia and Essex counties, most of Washington County, and parts of Orleans, Lamoille, Addison and Chittenden counties in present-day Vermont.[21]
On March 12, 1772, Albany County was partitioned again, this time into the counties of Albany, Tryon (now Montgomery), and Charlotte (now Washington). This established a definite area for Albany County of 5,470 sq mi (14,200 km2).[22]
On March 24, 1772, Albany County was partitioned again, with an additional 50 square miles (130 km2) handed over to Cumberland County.[23]
On March 9, 1774, Albany County was partitioned again, this time passing 1,090 square miles (2,800 km2) to Ulster County.[24]
On April 1, 1775, Albany was again partitioned, this time giving up 60 square miles (160 km2) to Charlotte County, who then exchanged this land with a like parcel in Cumberland County.[25]
On January 15, 1777, Albany County was again partitioned, this time on account of the independence of Vermont from New York, reducing Albany County by an additional 300 square miles (780 km2).[26]
On June 26, 1781, Bennington County, Vermont, attempted to annex a portion of Albany County that today includes portions of Washington and Rensselaer counties to form what they called "The West Union".[27] The fledgling United States – under the Articles of Confederation – arbitrated this annexation, and condemned it, resulting in Vermont ceasing the annexation on 1782-02-23.[28]
On April 4, 1786, Columbia County was created from 650 square miles (1,700 km2) of Albany County land.[29]
On March 7, 1788, New York, refusing to recognize the independence of Vermont, and the attendant elimination of Cumberland County, attempted to adjust the line that separated Cumberland from Albany County in present-day Vermont, but to no effect.[30]
On February 7, 1791, Albany County was partitioned again, this time to form
On June 1, 1795, Albany County was once again partitioned, this time losing 460 sq mi (1,200 km2) to Schoharie County.[32]
On April 5, 1798, another partition took place, with 90 square miles (230 km2) passing to Ulster County.[33]
On March 25, 1800, once again Albany County was partitioned, with 360 square miles (930 km2) being used to create Greene County.[34]
On April 3, 1801, all New York counties were redefined, with Albany County gaining 10 sq mi (26 km2).[35]
On March 7, 1809, Schenectady County was created from 230 square miles (600 km2) of Albany County land,[36] reducing Albany County to its current size.[14]
On March 3, 1888, Albany County ceded Havre Island to Saratoga County.[37]
Geography
According to the
Albany County is in the east central part of New York, extending southward and westward from the point where the Mohawk River joins the Hudson River. Its eastern boundary is the Hudson; a portion of its northern boundary is the Mohawk.
The terrain of the county ranges from flat near the Hudson and Mohawk Rivers to high and hilly to the southwest, of the
Climate
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The Capital District has a
Adjacent counties
Albany County is bordered by six counties. Listed clockwise, they are:
- Schenectady County – northwest
- Saratoga County – north
- Rensselaer County – east
- Columbia County – southeast
- Greene County – south
- Schoharie County – west
Cityscape
Architecture
Albany County has myriad different architectural styles spanning centuries of development.[43] Within the city of Albany alone there is Dutch Colonial (the Quackenbush House), French Renaissance (the New York State Capitol), Federal style (the original Albany Academy in Academy Park), Romanesque Revival (Albany City Hall), Art deco (the Alfred E. Smith Building), and Modern (Empire State Plaza). The cities of Albany, Cohoes, and Watervliet and the village of Green Island are more urban in architecture; while the towns of Colonie, Guilderland, New Scotland, and Bethlehem more suburban and the remaining Hilltowns (Berne, Knox, Westerlo, and Rensselaerville) very rural.
Parks
Albany County is home to the Emma Treadwell Thacher Nature Center, which opened in July 2001 and is near the shore of Thompson's Lake between the two state parks that are in Albany County-
Festivals
One of the largest events in Albany County is the
Amusement
Albany County has two shopping malls classified as
Museums
Albany County has many historical sites and museums covering a wide range of topics and time periods. The
There are several art museums in Albany County; including the Albany Center Gallery, in downtown Albany, which exhibits works by local artists within a 100-mile (160 km) radius of that city;[51] the University Art Museum, at the University at Albany, SUNY; and the Opalka Gallery, at the Sage College of Albany. The Empire State Plaza in Albany has one of the most important state collections of modern art in the U.S.[52]
Performing arts
Albany County itself owns the largest venue for performing arts in the county, the
Sports
Many athletes and coaches in major sports have begun their careers in Albany County. Phil Jackson, former NBA head coach of the Chicago Bulls and Los Angeles Lakers won his first championship ring as a coach when he guided the Albany Patroons to the 1984 CBA championship. Three years later, the Patroons completed a 50–6 regular season, including winning all 28 of their home games; at that time, Sacramento Kings head coach George Karl was the Patroons' head coach. Future NBA stars Mario Elie and Vincent Askew were part of that season's squad. Mike Tyson received his early training in the Capital District and his first professional fight was in Albany in 1985 and Tyson's first televised fight was in Troy in 1986. He fought professionally four times in Albany and twice each in Troy and Glens Falls between 1985 and 1986.
Since 1988, the
Religious life
Albany County was originally settled primarily by Protestants from northern Europe: the Netherlands, British Isles, and Germany. In the 19th century it was a destination for many Catholic immigrants, first from Ireland – fleeing the
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1790 | 75,980 | — | |
1800 | 34,043 | −55.2% | |
1810 | 34,661 | 1.8% | |
1820 | 38,116 | 10.0% | |
1830 | 53,520 | 40.4% | |
1840 | 68,593 | 28.2% | |
1850 | 93,279 | 36.0% | |
1860 | 113,917 | 22.1% | |
1870 | 133,052 | 16.8% | |
1880 | 154,890 | 16.4% | |
1890 | 164,555 | 6.2% | |
1900 | 165,571 | 0.6% | |
1910 | 173,666 | 4.9% | |
1920 | 186,106 | 7.2% | |
1930 | 211,953 | 13.9% | |
1940 | 221,315 | 4.4% | |
1950 | 239,386 | 8.2% | |
1960 | 272,926 | 14.0% | |
1970 | 286,742 | 5.1% | |
1980 | 285,909 | −0.3% | |
1990 | 292,594 | 2.3% | |
2000 | 294,565 | 0.7% | |
2010 | 304,204 | 3.3% | |
2020 | 314,848 | 3.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[2] 1790–1960[58] 1900–1990[59] 1990–2000[60] 2010–2019[61] |
As of the 2020 US Census, there were 314,848 people in 126,540 households residing in the county.
There were 124,682 households, out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.99.
In the county, the age distribution of the population shows 22.6% under the age of 18, 11.3% from 18 to 24, 28.8% from 25 to 44, 22.8% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females there were 91.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.8 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $42,935, and the median income for a family was $56,724. Males had a median income of $39,838 versus $30,127 for females. The
2020 Census
Race | Num. | Perc. |
---|---|---|
White (NH)
|
210,895 | 67% |
Black or African American (NH)
|
40,667 | 13% |
Native American (NH)
|
494 | 0.16% |
Asian (NH)
|
24,363 | 7.7% |
Pacific Islander (NH)
|
166 | 0.05% |
Other/Mixed (NH)
|
16,668 | 5.3% |
Latino
|
21,595 | 6.85% |
Economy
Tech Valley
Since the 2000s, the economy of Albany County and the surrounding Capital District has been redirected toward
Government and politics
For most of its history, Albany County has predominantly backed Democratic Party presidential candidates. In only three elections since 1924 has a Republican Party candidate carried the county in a presidential election, the most recent being Richard Nixon in 1972. The Democratic Party dominance has become more pronounced in recent years, with George H. W. Bush in 1988 the most recent Republican candidate to win even forty percent of the county's vote.
Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
2020 | 51,081 | 33.15% | 99,474 | 64.55% | 3,547 | 2.30% |
2016 | 47,808 | 34.19% | 83,071 | 59.41% | 8,939 | 6.39% |
2012 | 45,064 | 33.19% | 87,556 | 64.49% | 3,147 | 2.32% |
2008 | 50,586 | 34.35% | 93,937 | 63.79% | 2,743 | 1.86% |
2004 | 54,872 | 37.28% | 89,323 | 60.68% | 3,004 | 2.04% |
2000 | 47,624 | 33.53% | 85,644 | 60.30% | 8,765 | 6.17% |
1996 | 39,785 | 28.22% | 85,993 | 60.99% | 15,213 | 10.79% |
1992 | 49,452 | 31.83% | 80,641 | 51.90% | 25,270 | 16.27% |
1988 | 59,534 | 40.37% | 86,564 | 58.70% | 1,363 | 0.92% |
1984 | 74,542 | 49.50% | 75,447 | 50.10% | 603 | 0.40% |
1980 | 52,354 | 36.27% | 74,429 | 51.56% | 17,581 | 12.18% |
1976 | 69,592 | 48.87% | 71,616 | 50.29% | 1,201 | 0.84% |
1972 | 81,848 | 54.76% | 67,297 | 45.02% | 330 | 0.22% |
1968 | 52,948 | 38.00% | 80,724 | 57.93% | 5,679 | 4.08% |
1964 | 32,224 | 21.90% | 114,827 | 78.03% | 101 | 0.07% |
1960 | 61,600 | 40.08% | 91,973 | 59.84% | 119 | 0.08% |
1956 | 86,202 | 56.64% | 65,982 | 43.36% | 0 | 0.00% |
1952 | 79,871 | 52.28% | 72,633 | 47.54% | 266 | 0.17% |
1948 | 59,965 | 42.61% | 75,419 | 53.59% | 5,350 | 3.80% |
1944 | 60,543 | 45.88% | 71,128 | 53.90% | 289 | 0.22% |
1940 | 58,912 | 43.26% | 77,052 | 56.58% | 210 | 0.15% |
1936 | 52,962 | 41.54% | 71,631 | 56.18% | 2,918 | 2.29% |
1932 | 46,244 | 38.29% | 73,194 | 60.61% | 1,321 | 1.09% |
1928 | 48,762 | 42.99% | 62,380 | 54.99% | 2,295 | 2.02% |
1924 | 48,253 | 52.01% | 38,671 | 41.68% | 5,848 | 6.30% |
1920 | 48,750 | 61.72% | 28,376 | 35.92% | 1,863 | 2.36% |
1916 | 26,628 | 58.00% | 18,799 | 40.95% | 485 | 1.06% |
1912 | 20,418 | 47.47% | 17,235 | 40.07% | 5,362 | 12.47% |
1908 | 24,763 | 55.93% | 18,732 | 42.31% | 782 | 1.77% |
1904 | 24,964 | 56.13% | 18,768 | 42.20% | 746 | 1.68% |
1900 | 23,495 | 54.96% | 18,752 | 43.86% | 505 | 1.18% |
1896 | 22,263 | 54.52% | 17,818 | 43.64% | 753 | 1.84% |
1892 | 18,398 | 47.46% | 18,994 | 48.99% | 1,376 | 3.55% |
1888 | 19,362 | 47.39% | 21,037 | 51.49% | 454 | 1.11% |
1884 | 17,698 | 47.40% | 18,343 | 49.13% | 1,295 | 3.47% |
Albany County was governed by a board of supervisors until 1968.
The County Executive is Daniel P. McCoy (D). Other officials elected countywide include District Attorney David Soares, Clerk Bruce A. Hidley, Comptroller Susan A. Rizzo, and Sheriff Craig D. Apple. Other elected officials with districts in the county include:
- State Assembly
- Christopher Tague, Republican, 102nd District
- John McDonald, Democratic, 108th District
- Pat Fahy, Democratic, 109th District
- Phillip Steck, Democratic, 110th District
- Angelo Santabarbara, Democratic, 111th District
- State Senate
- Neil Breslin, Democratic, 44th District
- Michelle Hinchey, Democratic, 46th District
- United States House of Representatives
- Paul Tonko, Democratic, 20th District
District | Legislator | Party | Residence |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Carolyn McLaughlin | Democratic | Albany |
2 | Merton Simpson | Democratic | Albany |
3 | Wanda Willingham, Deputy Chair | Democratic | Albany |
4 | Mark Robinson | Democratic | Albany |
5 | Susan Pedo | Democratic | Albany |
6 | Samuel I. Fein | Democratic | Albany |
7 | Beroro T. Efekoro | Democratic | Albany |
8 | Lynne Lekakis | Democratic | Albany |
9 | Andrew Joyce | Democratic | Albany |
10 | Gary Domalewicz | Democratic | Albany |
11 | Frank Commisso | Democratic | Albany |
12 | William M. Clay | Democratic | Albany |
13 | Raymond Joyce | Democratic | Albany |
14 | Alison McLean-Lane | Democratic | Loudonville |
15 | Robert Beston | Democratic | Watervliet |
16 | Sean E. Ward | Democratic | Green Island |
17 | Bill Ricard | Democratic | Cohoes |
18 | Gilbert Ethier | Democratic | Cohoes |
19 | Todd Drake | Republican | Latham |
20 | David Mayo | Democratic | Latham |
21 | Jennifer A. Whalen | Republican | Latham |
22 | Susan Quine-Laurilliard | Democratic | Colonie |
23 | Paul Burgdorf | Republican | Colonie |
24 | Ellen Rosano | Democratic | Loudonville |
25 | Ryan Conway | Republican | Loudonville |
26 | Patrice Lockart | Republican | Colonie |
27 | Frank Mauriello, Minority Leader | Republican | Colonie |
28 | Mark Grimm | Republican | Guilderland |
29 | Dennis Feeney, Majority Leader | Democratic | Guilderland |
30 | Dustin M. Reidy | Democratic | Westmere |
31 | Jeff S. Perlee | Republican | Knox |
32 | Mickey Cleary | Democratic | Guilderland |
33 | William Reinhardt | Democratic | Slingerlands
|
34 | Joanne Cunningham, Chair | Democratic | Delmar |
35 | Jeffrey D. Kuhn | Democratic | Glenmont |
36 | Matthew J. Miller | Democratic | Selkirk |
37 | Zachary Collins | Republican | Coeymans
|
38 | Victoria Plotsky | Democratic | Clarksville |
39 | Christopher H. Smith | Republican | Berne |
Name | Party | Term |
---|---|---|
James J. Coyne Jr. | Democratic | January 1, 1976 – December 31, 1991 |
Michael J. Hoblock Jr. | Republican | January 1, 1992 – December 31, 1994 |
Michael G. Breslin | Democratic | January 1, 1995 – December 31, 2011 |
Daniel P. McCoy | Democratic | January 1, 2012 – present |
Law enforcement
The Albany County Sheriff's Department is one of the oldest law enforcement agencies in the United States, having been established in the 1660s.[75] Sheriff Craig Apple was first elected in 2011.[76]
The sheriff is also responsible for the county jail, which was built in 1931,[77] and renamed from the Albany County Correctional Facility to the Albany County Corrections and Rehabilitative Services Center in 2019.[78] This jail has a contract with New York City to accept prisoners from their facilities. The New York Times has reported that juveniles sent to Albany were beaten and placed in isolation, which is forbidden in New York City.[79]
The department investigated a criminal complaint against Governor Andrew Cuomo during the Andrew Cuomo sexual harassment allegations, and filed a misdemeanor criminal complaint on its own authority to bring charges.[80]
Education
Tertiary
- Albany College of Pharmacy
- Albany Law School
- Albany Medical College
- Bryant & Stratton College
- Excelsior College
- The College of Saint Rose
- Sage College of Albany
- Sage Graduate School
- Siena College
- State University of New York at Albany
K-12 education
Public school districts include:[81]
- Albany City School District
- Berne-Knox-Westerlo Central School District
- Bethlehem Central School District
- Cairo-Durham Central School District
- Cohoes City School District
- Duanesburg Central School District
- Green Island Union Free School District
- Greenville Central School District
- Guilderland Central School District
- Menands Union Free School District
- Middleburgh Central School District
- Niskayuna Central School District
- North Colonie Central School District
- Ravena-Coeymans-Selkirk Central School District
- Rotterdam-Mohonasen Central School District
- Schalmont Central School District
- Schoharie Central School District
- South Colonie Central School District
- Voorheesville Central School District
- Watervliet City School District
Transportation
Albany County has long been at the forefront of transportation technology from the days of turnpikes and plank roads to the
The
Interstate and other major highways
Albany County is situated at a major crossroads of the
Today,
North of Exit 24, I-87 is the
Mass transit
Albany County is served by the
Airports
Albany International Airport is the only commercial airport in the county. Destinations for flights out of Albany include Atlanta; Las Vegas; Chicago; Charlotte, North Carolina; and Orlando, Florida, among many others.
Rail
Since 1968 when
Communities
Albany County is composed of three cities and 10 towns.
Cities
- Albany (county seat)
- Cohoes
- Watervliet
Towns
Villages
Census-designated places
- Latham
- Loudonville
- Preston-Potter Hollow
- Roessleville
- Siena College
- Westmere
Hamlets
- Alcove
- Boght Corners
- Clarksville
- Coeymans
- Crescent Station
- Delmar
- Dunsbach Ferry
- Elsmere
- Feura Bush
- Fort Hunter
- Fullers
- Glenmont
- Guilderland
- Guilderland Center
- Karner
- Lisha Kill
- Mannsville
- McKownville
- Medusa
- New Salem
- Newtonville
- Normansville
- Selkirk
- Slingerlands
- South Bethlehem
- Verdoy
- Wemple
- West Albany
See also
- Albany Health and Human Services Corporation
- Albany County Sheriff's Department
- List of counties in New York
- List of people associated with Albany County, New York
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Albany County, New York
Notes
- ^ a b c "On November 1, 1683, when the State of New York was divided into ten counties, Albany was erected as one of them with an exceedingly large territory. From its area has since been taken the counties of Tryon and Charlotte, in 1772; Columbia, in 1786; Rensselaer and Saratoga, in 1791; a part of Schoharie, in 1795; a part of Greene, in 1800; and Schenectady, in 1809."[83]
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Further reading
- Howell, George Rogers; Tenney, Jonathan, eds. (1886). Bi-centennial history of Albany. History of the county of Albany, N. Y., from 1609 to 1886. With portraits, biographies and illustrations. New York: W. W. Munsell & Co. OCLC 2367801.(Full text via Google Books.)
- Parker, Amasa Junius, ed. (1897). Landmarks of Albany County, New York. Syracuse, N.Y.: D. Mason. OCLC 4089323.
- Pearson, Jonathan; Van Laer, Arnold Johan Ferdinand, eds. (1869). Early Records of the City and County of Albany, and Colony of Rensselaerswyck (1656–1675). New York: W. W. Munsell & Co. OCLC 59223937.(Full text via Google Books.)
- Sullivan, James; Williams, Melvin E.; Conklin, Edwin P.; Fitzpatrick, Benedict, eds. (1927). "Chapter VII. Albany County.". History of New York State, 1523–1927 (PDF). Vol. 2. New York City, Chicago: Lewis Historical Publishing Co. p. 461-68. Wikidata Q114149636.