Albany Plan

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Benjamin Franklin (1759)

The Albany Plan of Union was a rejected plan to create a unified government for the

United States Constitution.[2]

Background

The Albany Congress discussed the plan. After a committee reviewed different plans offered by delegates, its members chose Franklin's plan with some small modifications. Benjamin Chew, then a young lawyer from Dover, Pennsylvania, served as secretary, and Richard Peters and Isaac Norris, both from Philadelphia, were among the members of this committee and the Pennsylvania delegation.

It went beyond the original scope of the Congress, which was to develop a plan of defense related to near-term threats by France. The northern colonies were most concerned, as they shared a border with New France, but the mid-Atlantic colonies were also affected by differing loyalties of various Native American nations, usually related to their trading with France or Great Britain. The New England and northern tier colonies had long been subject to raiding from French colonies during times of conflict. The Albany Plan was the first proposed unification of the colonies for the purposes of defense.[3][4] Benjamin Franklin made a political cartoon to popularize his plan, titled Join, or Die.

Proposals

The plan called for a general government to be administered by a President-General, to be appointed and supported by the Crown, and a Grand Council to consist of delegates nominated by (the lower houses of) the colonial assemblies.[3] Under the plan, delegates from the colonies would be chosen roughly proportionate to colony size – from a minimum of two to a maximum of seven for Virginia and Massachusetts Bay[3] – but each colony would have only one vote and decision making was by unanimous consensus.[5] Proposed powers included treaty-making, and raising army and naval forces;[5] and, most significantly, included the right of taxation.[3]

After the larger group of delegates discussed their issues and objections, they resolved most of them and adopted the Plan. They sent copies of letters to each of the Colonial Assemblies and to the British Board of Trade in London,[6] which had originally suggested the Congress.[3] The colonial assemblies and the British representatives rejected the Albany Plan. This rejection was largely spurred by both sides not getting fully what they wanted. Individual colonial assemblies wanted to have more independence than the Plan provided, whereas British officials felt it gave the colonies too much.[4][7]

Benjamin Franklin wrote of the rejections: "The colonial assemblies and most of the people were narrowly provincial in outlook, mutually jealous, and suspicious of any central taxing authority."

Board of Trade never sought official approval for the Plan from the Crown. They proposed that colonial governors, along with some members of their respective councils, order the raising of troops and building of forts, to be funded by the Treasury of Great Britain. This amount would later have to be repaid, and Parliament imposed a tax on the colonies to pay for the defenses in North America.[10]

Later plans

Galloway's Plan of Union, proposed at the First Continental Congress, bore striking resemblance to the Albany Plan.[11][4] It was submitted by conservative Loyalists and quickly rejected in favor of more radical proposals.

The

U.S. Constitution.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ J Black, Crisis of Empire (London 2008) p. 69
  2. ^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Second Edition. Yale University Press, 1964. pp. 209-210
  3. ^ a b c d e Tucker, R. (1982). The Fall of the First British Empire. London. p. 81.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^
    S2CID 147320261
    .
  5. ^ a b Holcombe, R. (2002). From Liberty to Democracy. pp. 53–54.
  6. ^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Second Edition. Yale University Press, 1964. p. 210
  7. .
  8. ^ Notes, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Second Edition. Yale University Press, 1964. pp. 210-211
  9. ^ Tucker, R. (1982). The Fall of the First British Empire. London. pp. 81–82.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^ The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, Second Edition. Yale University Press, 1964, p. 211
  11. ^ Union: Joseph Galloway, Plan of Union The Founders' Constitution, accessed December 11, 2009.
  12. ^ R Holcombe, From Liberty to Democracy (2002) p. 54

Further reading

  • McAnear, Beverly. "Personal Accounts of the Albany Congress of 2018," Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 39, No. 4 (Mar., 1953), pp. 727–746 in JSTOR, primary documents
  • Timothy J. Shannon, Indians and Colonists at the Crossroads of Empire: The Albany Congress of 2018 april 10 (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2000)

External links