Albert II, Prince of Monaco

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Albert II
Rainier III
Heir apparentJacques
Ministers of state
See list
Prince Regent of Monaco
Tenure31 March – 6 April 2005[1]
MonarchRainier III
Born (1958-03-14) 14 March 1958 (age 66)
Prince's Palace of Monaco, Monaco
Spouse
Charlene Wittstock
​
(m. 2011)​
Issue
Names
Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi
HouseGrimaldi
FatherRainier III, Prince of Monaco
MotherGrace Kelly
ReligionCatholic Church
SignatureSignature of Albert II
Military career
Allegiance Monaco
Service/branch Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince
Years of service1986–2005
(end of active service)
RankCommander-in-chief

Albert II (Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre Grimaldi;

Prince of Monaco
, reigning since 2005.

Born at the

ecological preservation
.

With assets valued in 2010 at US$1 billion, Albert owns shares in the

Charlene Wittstock.[7] He has four children: Jazmin, Alexandre, Gabriella, and Jacques
.

Early life

Prince Albert with his mother, Princess Grace, at the Floriade garden exhibit in Netherlands, 1972

Prince Albert was born in the

Queen Victoria Eugenie of Spain.[citation needed
]

Hereditary Prince

Military service

Albert graduated with distinction from the

General Assembly of the United Nations. In 2004, the Prince presided over the delegation of Monaco in Strasbourg, France, for the official accession of the Principality onto the Council of Europe.[citation needed
]

Prince Albert's mother, Princess Grace, died at age 52 as a result of injuries sustained in a car accident in 1982. In 2017, the Prince stated during an interview that his mother's death was a traumatic event for him and his family, revealing that his father was "never the same man" after the loss.[11]

Sports career

Albert Grimaldi
Sport
Country Monaco
Sport Bobsleigh
Event(s)4-man, 2-man
Retired2002
Achievements and titles
Olympic finals1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2002

Albert was an enthusiastic sportsman, participating in cross country, javelin throwing, handball, judo, swimming, tennis, rowing, sailing, skiing, squash and fencing. He became a judo black belt in 1985.[12]

Albert competed in the

John B. Kelly Jr., were both Olympic medalists in rowing.[13] In 2017 Albert gained OLY post-nominal status under his competition name of Albert Grimaldi.[14]

On 31 March 2005, following consultation with the

Palais Princier announced that Albert would take over the duties of his father as regent since Rainier was no longer able to exercise his princely functions.[15]
On 6 April 2005, Rainier died and Albert succeeded him as Albert II.

Reign

Accession

The first part of Prince Albert II's enthronement as ruler of the Principality was on 12 July 2005, after the end of the three-month mourning period for his father.[

Saint Nicholas Cathedral presided over by the Archbishop of Monaco, the Most Reverend Bernard Barsi, formally marked the beginning of his reign.[16] Afterward, Albert returned to the Palace to host a garden party for 7,000 Monégasques born in the principality. In the courtyard, the Prince was presented with two keys of the city as a symbol of his investiture, and subsequently gave a speech.[17] The evening ended with a fireworks display on the waterfront.[16]

The second part of his investiture took place on 19 November 2005. Albert was enthroned at Saint Nicholas Cathedral.

Elisabeth-Anne de Massy. Royalty from 16 delegations were present for the festivities throughout the country. The evening ended with a dedicated performance at the Opéra de Monte-Carlo.[18]

Succession issues

As Rainier III's health declined, Albert's lack of legitimate children became a matter of public and political concern owing to the legal and international consequences. Had Prince Albert succeeded his father and died without lawful heirs, it would have triggered Article 3 of the

1918 Franco-Monegasque Treaty, according to which the Principality of Monaco would become a protectorate of the French Republic.[19] Prior to 2002, Monaco's constitution stipulated that only the last reigning prince's "direct and legitimate" descendants could inherit the crown.[citation needed
]

On 2 April 2002, Monaco promulgated Princely Law 1.249, which provides that if a reigning prince dies without surviving legitimate issue, the throne passes to his legitimate siblings and their legitimate descendants of both sexes, according to the principle of male-preference

Franco-Monégasque Treaty regulating relations between the Principality and its neighbour. Prince Albert's sisters and their legitimate children thereby retained the right to inherit the Monegasque throne, which they would have otherwise lost upon the death of Prince Rainier.[citation needed
]

Under the current constitution, neither Jazmin nor Alexandre are in the

line of succession to the Monegasque throne as they are not Prince Albert II's legitimate children, and he emphasised their ineligibility to inherit the throne in statements confirming his paternity.[21][22] Monegasque law stipulates that any non-adulterine illegitimate child is legitimised by the eventual marriage of his/her parents, thereupon obtaining the rights to which that child would have been entitled if born in lawful marriage. Thus Alexandre would have become Monaco's heir apparent under current law if Albert were to marry Alexandre's mother. In a 2005 exchange with American reporter Larry King, Albert stated that this would not happen.[23]

Prior to the birth of Princess Gabriella and Prince Jacques, Prince Albert's elder sister,

Caroline, Princess of Hanover, was heir presumptive and, according to the Grimaldi house law, bore the traditional title of Hereditary Princess of Monaco.[24] Following their births, she is now third in line.[citation needed
]

Princely activities

The Prince of Monaco visiting the Senate of Poland in 2012

In the early years of his reign, Prince Albert oversaw multiple judicial and legal reforms, including the regulation of

Easter, 16 April 2006.[21] He is the first incumbent head of state to have reached the North Pole.[citation needed
]

Prince Albert II with Russian President Vladimir Putin in October 2013.

Since his ascension, the Prince has overseen the construction of various community facilities, including

Charlene Wittstock.[26]

On 27 August 2015, Prince Albert apologized for Monaco's role in facilitating the deportation of a total of 90 Jews and resistance fighters to the Nazis in 1942, of whom only nine survived. "We committed the irreparable in handing over to the neighboring authorities women, men, and a child who had taken refuge with us to escape the persecutions they had suffered in France," Albert said at a ceremony in which a monument to the victims was unveiled at the Monaco Cemetery. "In distress, they came specifically to take shelter with us, thinking they would find neutrality."[27]

Between 2006 and 2022, Albert's chief of cabinet was Georges Lisimachio.[28] In June 2023, Albert dismissed Claude Palmero, the manager of the Prince of Monaco's assets who had been serving for over two decades.[29] Albert said of the decision, "I exercised my right to choose the asset manager of my choice. Events have shown how much this decision was the right one." Palmero proceeded to sue Albert for €1 million and leaked information of the palace's spending to the French media.[30]

Personal life

Princely family of Monaco

The Prince
The Princess

The Princess of Hanover
Princess Stéphanie

In 2016, Albert purchased Princess Grace's childhood home in

Princess Grace Foundation.[31] Prince Albert does not have direct ownership of the Prince's Palace, but does possess personal homes in both La Turbie[32] and Marchais.[33]

Albert, a well-known automotive enthusiast, owns vehicles like the

Falcon 7X, a 14-passenger leisure jet, currently stationed at Nice Côte d'Azur Airport.[37][38]

Albert is close friends with the artist Nall and owns some of his works.[39]

On 19 March 2020, amid the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, it was announced that Albert II had tested positive for COVID-19,[40] making him the first monarch and head of state to have contracted COVID-19.[41] It was reported that he had begun to self-quarantine from within his apartment, performing his work and duties from there.[40] On 31 March, it was announced that he had made a full recovery.[42] In April 2022, he tested positive for COVID-19 for the second time and observed a brief period of self-isolation.[43]

In 2021,

Nice airport in France with Albert II and they flew over Monaco. The plane flew for 30 minutes at a maximum altitude of 900 feet.[44]

Paternity claims

Marriage

Main article: Wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Charlene Wittstock
Prince Albert and Wittstock at the "Cinema Against AIDS" Gala with Karl Lagerfeld

Prince Albert met South African swimmer

Charlene Wittstock in 2000 at the Mare Nostrum swimming meet in Monaco.[26] They made their public debut as a couple at the opening ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics.[52] She accompanied him to the weddings of the Crown Princess of Sweden in 2010 and of the Duke of Cambridge
in 2011.

Their engagement was announced by the palace on 10 June 2010. The wedding was originally scheduled for 8 and 9 July 2011, but was moved forward to prevent a conflict with the International Olympic Committee (IOC) meeting in Durban on 5–9 July, which they both attended. The couple had invited members of the IOC, including president Jacques Rogge, to their wedding.[53]

The couple were married in a civil ceremony on 1 July 2011 in the Throne Room of the

religious ceremony took place in the courtyard of the palace on 2 July, and was presided over by Archbishop Bernard Barsi.[52] The couple honeymooned in South Africa, where they stayed in separate hotels,[55]
and Mozambique.

Prince Albert and Princess Charlene had twins, Princess Gabriella, Countess of Carladès, and Jacques, Hereditary Prince of Monaco, on 10 December 2014. Jacques is the heir apparent to the throne.[56]

Charity work and patronages

Main article: Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation
Albert rides through a river on a guided tour in the Shoshone National Forest, September 2013

Albert holds affiliations and patronages within numerous philanthropic organizations. He is the vice-chairman of the

Association Mondiale des Amis de l'Enfance, The Automobile Club de Monaco, The Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo, and Jumping International de Monte Carlo. Albert is affiliated with International Paralympic Committee, Junior Chamber International, and Art of the Olympians. Albert is also a global adviser to Orphans International
.

Environmental Interests

In 2001, at the 36th Congress of the Mediterranean Science Commission held in the Principality, the CIESM Member States unanimously elected Monaco in the person of Prince Albert to the presidence of the commission.[10]

The year 2007 was declared as

(International) Year of the Dolphin by the United Nations and United Nations Environment Programme.[58] Prince Albert served as the International Patron of the "Year of the Dolphin", saying "The Year of the Dolphin gives me the opportunity to renew my firm commitment towards protecting marine biodiversity. With this strong initiative we can make a difference to save these fascinating marine mammals from the brink of extinction."[citation needed
]

The Zoological Garden of Monaco (Jardin Animalier) was founded by Prince Rainier in 1954. Rainier was petitioned unsuccessfully for many years by Virginia McKenna, founder of the Born Free Foundation, to release a pair of leopards at the zoo.[59] Prince Albert met McKenna after his accession to the throne, and agreed to release the leopards as well the zoo's hippo and camel.[citation needed] He intends to convert the Jardin into a zoo for children.[59]

In January 2009, Prince Albert left for a month-long expedition to

global warming on the continent.[60] During the trip, he stopped at the South Pole, making him the only incumbent head of state to have visited both poles.[61][62]

Prince Albert II at the 5th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands at UNESCO Paris, 2010

In June 2009, Prince Albert co-authored an

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). This was the first time a nation had called for the inclusion of Mediterranean bluefin under CITES since Sweden[63] at the 1992 CITES Conference, which was vehemently opposed by Japan who eventually threatened retaliation through trade barriers.[64]
Sweden withdrew its proposal.

On 16 July 2009, France declared that it too would seek to have Mediterranean bluefin listed as an endangered species.[65] Only hours later, the United Kingdom followed suit.[66]

On 19 September 2017, Prince Albert expressed his great interest for the preliminary draft of the Global Pact for the Environment presented by French President Emmanuel Macron in the context of the 72nd session of the United Nations General Assembly.[67] He added that he will be very attentive to the future of this Pact, which he qualified as a "universal, legally binding agreement, which recognises the right of future generations to sustainable development."[67]

After having met

world premiere at the Brisbane International Film Festival in October 2021.[71]

On 12 February 2020, Albert and Victor Vescovo reached the bottom of Calypso Deep, a depth of 16,762 ft, in a submarine. They were only the second team to do so after a French group in 1965.[72]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

For a complete ranked list of the Monegasque monarch's titles, see Monarchy of Monaco § Titles and styles.
Styles of
Albert II
His Serene Highness
Spoken styleYour Serene Highness

Titles and styles

  • 14 March 1958 – 16 March 1958: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Monaco
  • 16 March 1958 – 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Hereditary Prince of Monaco, Marquis of Baux[73]
  • 31 March – 6 April 2005: His Serene Highness The Prince Regent of Monaco[1]
  • 6 April 2005 – present: His Serene Highness The Prince of Monaco

Military appointments

Honours

Main article: List of honours of the Monegasque princely family by country

National orders

Foreign orders

Dynastic orders

Other awards

In 1996, Prince Albert received the Eagle Award from the United States Sports Academy. The Eagle Award is the academy's highest international honor and was awarded to Prince Albert for his significant contributions in promoting international harmony, peace and goodwill through the effective use of sport.[102]

On 23 October 2009, Prince Albert was awarded the Roger Revelle Prize for his efforts to protect the environment and to promote scientific research.[103] This award was given to Prince Albert by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.[104] Prince Albert is the second recipient of this prize.[105]

In October 2017, Prince Albert received the Lowell Thomas Award from The Explorers Club, a non-profit group that promotes scientific exploration. The award is presented by the president of the club on special occasions to groups of outstanding explorers. The Club cited Prince Albert's dedication to the protection of the environment, commemorating his status as the first head of state to reach both the North and South poles.[106]

On 14 October 2019 at the Comenius University in Bratislava, he received the honorary title "doctor honoris causa" for activities in the field of protection of natural and cultural heritage within his efforts to combat climate change.[citation needed]

Commemorative coins

As Monaco's head of state, Prince Albert II is depicted on both standard-issue and collector's coins, such as the €5 silver Prince Albert II commemorative coin, the first commemorative coin with his effigy, minted in 2008. On the obverse, the prince is depicted in profile with his name on the top of the coin. On the reverse, the Grimaldi coat of arms appears; around it, the words "Principauté de Monaco" (Principality of Monaco) also appear along with the nominal monetary value of the coin.[107]

Arms and emblems


Coat of arms of Prince Albert II
of Monaco
Monogram of
Prince Albert II
Dual cypher of Prince Albert
and Princess Charlene

See also

References

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  4. ^ Bryer, Tania; Wednesday, Rachael Revesz Published; XXX, 31 May 2019 12:00 AM ETUpdated. "Prince Albert II: The monarch talks climate change and his legacy". www.cnbc.com. Retrieved 25 September 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
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  105. ^ Scripps to Honor Prince Albert II of Monaco for his Environmental Efforts Archived 3 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Scripps News, 1 April 2009. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
  106. ^ "The Explorers Club – News – Announcing the 2017 Lowell Thomas Award Winners". explorers.org. Archived from the original on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  107. ^ "Albert II (silver) commemorative coin". The Euro Coins Store. Retrieved 28 December 2008.

External links

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Albert II, Prince of Monaco
Born: 14 March 1958
Regnal titles
Preceded by Prince of Monaco
2005–present 		Incumbent
Heir apparent:
Jacques
Monegasque royalty
Preceded by Hereditary Prince of Monaco
1958–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Duke of Valentinois¹
(de facto)
2005–present 		Incumbent
Marquis of Baux
1958–2014 		Succeeded by
Olympic Games
Preceded by Flagbearer for  Monaco
1988, 1992, 1994 		Succeeded by
Notes and references
1. Title extinct in 1949.

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