Albert of Riga

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For other members of Buxhoeveden family, see Buxhoeveden.

Albert of Riga
Albert of Riga, copy of a sculpture by Karl Hans Bernewitz on the facade of Riga Cathedral
Bornc. 1165
Bexhövede, Lower Saxony, Germany
Died17 January 1229
NationalityGerman
Other namesAlbert of Bexhövede, Albert of Buxhoeveden
OccupationBishop of Riga
Known forFounding the city of Riga, Livonian Crusade
TitlePrince-Bishop of Livonia

Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia

Bishop of Riga in Livonia. In 1201, he allegedly founded the city of Riga, the modern capital of Latvia. The building of the Riga Cathedral
started during his tenure there in 1221.

Albert headed the armed forces that forcibly converted the pagan indigenous population of the eastern Baltic region to Christianity as a result of the Northern Crusades.

Early life

Albert was born in Bexhövede, a part of Loxstedt, Lower Saxony, Germany. He and his brother Hermann were members of the powerful Buxhoeveden family from Bexhövede. Because of this he has also been known as Albert of Buxhoeveden (or Bexhövede, Buxhövden, Buxhöwde, Buxthoeven, Appeldern).

Albert was a

Archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg, named him Bishop of Livonia, provided that he could conquer and hold it, and convince the pagan inhabitants to become Christians. The patent was granted on 28 March 1199, and in the beginning of spring 1200 he embarked for Livonia with a fleet of 23 vessels and more than 1,500 armed crusaders. He had the support of the Hohenstaufen German king, Philip of Swabia, as well as an implicit blessing of Pope Innocent III
.

In 1200, Bishop Albert led a crusade in Livonia, providing the starting point to create an ecclesiastical State.[1] Albert arrived in his diocese in Ikšķile (Üxküll) with a sizeable army. He was able to send reinforcements without asking permission from the Pope. These rights led him to create an annual summer expedition from Lübeck to Livonia called the "perpetual crusade".[2]

Foundation of Riga

When Albert realized that the diocese of Uexküll was located far away from the Daugava river to be effective, he founded a castle nearer the sea, where a small stream joined the Daugava creating a natural harbor. This castle would be the start of the foundation of Riga.[2]

Together with merchants from the Baltic Sea island of Gotland, Albert founded Riga in 1201,[3] where a small community of Hanseatic traders from Lübeck held a tentative trading encampment.[4] In 1204, he received a papal bull to sign up crusaders.[1]

He successfully converted many

Jersika and Tālava
later on. The conquest of Livonia in full occupied almost three decades of his life.

Albert created a

archbishopric
.

A first-hand account of Albert is in the contemporary Livonian Chronicle of Henry by Henry of Latvia.[2]

Albert died in Riga in 1229. As a Catholic bishop, he left no descendants. He was venerated as a Catholic saint until the Protestant Reformation. The present-day von Buxhoeveden are descendants of his cousin Johannes von Buxhoeveden. Albert's brother Theodoricus married a niece of the prince of Novgorod Mstislav Mstislavich[6] and is the progenitor of the family de Raupena (de Ropa, known today as "von der Ropp") that founded manors in Livonia and Courland.

Albert Street in Riga is named after Bishop Albert.

Notes

  1. ^ German: Albert von Buxthoeven, Latvian: Alberts fon Buksthēvdens

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0674023870
    .
  2. ^
    OCLC 56426711
    .
  3. ^ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Albert (Albrecht), Bishop of Riga". newadvent.org. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  4. OCLC 906842818
    .
  5. ^ Woodgate, Mik (29 December 2017). "History of the Crusades heads north with the first Northern Crusade silver coin". AgAuNEWS. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
  6. ISBN 978-5-91852-183-0
    .

External links
Catholic Church titles
Preceded by Bishop of Livonia
1199–1229 		Succeeded by
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