Alderman

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Aldermen
)
This article is about a member of an assembly or of a council. For people with the surname, see Alderman (surname). For other uses, see Alderman (disambiguation).

An alderman is a member of a

municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law with similar officials existing in the Netherlands (wethouder) and Belgium (schepen). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council member elected by voters.[1]

Etymology

The title is derived from the Old English title of ealdorman, which literally means "elder person", and which was used by the chief nobles presiding over shires. Similar titles exist in other Germanic languages, such as ålderman in Swedish, oldermann in Norwegian, rådmand in Danish and Low German, Olderman in West Frisian, ouderman in Dutch, and Ältermann in German. Finnish also has oltermanni, which was borrowed from Swedish. All of these words mean "elder person" or "wise man".

Usage by country

Australia

Many local government bodies used the term "alderman" in Australia. As in the way local councils have been modernised in the United Kingdom and

Lord Mayor). An example of the use of the term alderman is evident in the City of Adelaide.[2] Aldermen were elected from the electors in all the wards.[3]

Canada

Historically, in Canada, the term "alderman" was used for those persons elected to a municipal council to represent the wards. As women were increasingly elected to municipal office, the term "councillor" slowly replaced "alderman", although there was some use of the term "alderperson". Today, the title of "alderman" is rarely used except in some cities in Alberta and Ontario, as well as some smaller municipalities elsewhere in the country, that retain the title for historical reasons.

Ireland

The title "alderman" was abolished for local authorities in the Republic of Ireland by the Local Government Act 2001, with effect from the 2004 local elections.[4] Early usage of the term mirrored that of England and Wales. Local elections since the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919 have used the single transferable vote in multiple-member electoral areas.[5][6]

In each electoral area of a borough or county borough, the first several candidates elected were styled "alderman" and the rest "councillor".[7]

Someone co-opted to fill a seat vacated by an alderman would be styled "councillor".[8]

Netherlands

In the Netherlands, an alderman (Dutch: wethouder) is part of the

vote of no confidence
by the council.

South Africa

In South Africa, the term alderman refers to senior members of municipal councils.[9] They are distinguished from ordinary councillors for their "long and distinguished service as a councillor".[10] The title may be awarded on the basis of a long term of service (commonly 20 years), or a combination of term of service along with leadership positions held within the council.[11] In some councils the title is automatically conferred on the mayor regardless of their term of service.

United Kingdom

England, Northern Ireland and Wales

Although the term originated in England, it had no single definition there until the 19th century, as each municipal corporation had its own constitution. It was used in England,

London borough councils, where they remained a possibility until 1978.[14]

Honorary aldermen

Councils in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland still have the power to create honorary aldermen, as a reward for their services as a councillor, but must do so at a special meeting, and in each case the granting of the title needs to be approved by two-thirds of those attending.[15] This power is little used in England and Wales, but is used more often in Northern Ireland, where councils may also designate up to a quarter of their elected councillors as aldermen.

City of London

In the

sheriff of the City of London
.

The title "Alderman" is used for both men and women and may be prefixed to a person's name (e.g., Alderman John Smith, Alderman Smith, or for women; Alderman Mrs (or Miss) Smith).

Scotland

In

baillie
" bore some similarities to that of Alderman in England and Wales.

United States

Depending on the jurisdiction, an alderman could have been part of the legislative or judicial local government.

A "board of aldermen" is the governing executive or legislative body of many cities and towns in the United States. Boards of aldermen are used in many rural areas of the United States as opposed to a larger

bicameral legislature (as it was in New York City
until the 20th century).

In Illinois, the Illinois Municipal Code allows for the formation and existence of an aldermanic-city form of municipal government. As an example, in Chicago, the Chicago City Council is composed of fifty aldermen[16] (not councilors). As of 2021, a Chicago alderman is legally referred to by the State of Illinois as an alderperson.[17][18][19]

Some cities such as, Ithaca, New York identify aldermen as 'alderpersons'. Others, including New Haven, Connecticut, use the term "alders".[20]

Historically the term could also refer to local municipal judges in small legal proceedings (as in Pennsylvania[21] and Delaware). Pennsylvania's aldermen were phased out in the early 20th century.

See also

Look up alderman in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References

  1. ^ "Alderman". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010. 2010. Archived from the original on 21 February 2010. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
  2. ^ "Adelaide – City Council, Town Hall and Allied Matters". Slsa.sa.gov.au. Archived from the original on 10 March 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  3. ^ "Microsoft Word - 7540 ACC Rep Review Stage 1 Consultants Report FINAL - Volume 2.doc" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  4. ISBN 9781902448930
    .
  5. ^ Deignan, Patrick (May–June 2009). "PR & the Sligo borough election of 1919". History Ireland. 17 (3). Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  6. ^ "Local Elections in Ireland". Ireland: Citizens Information Board. 23 January 2014. Archived from the original on 26 January 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2017. The electoral system is based on proportional representation with single transferable vote.
  7. ^ Originally "Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919". Wikisource. 3 June 1919. Section 4 (2). Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  8. ^ "Local Government Act, 1941, Section 42". Irish Statute Book. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  9. ^ "Policy: Conferment of Aldermanship on Councillors of the West Coast District Municipality. West Coast District Municipality" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  10. ^ Policy Relating to the Conferment of Civic Honours, Sedibeng District Municipality.
  11. ^ "Councillor made alderman | IOL". Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  12. ^ kclancy. "Stoke-on-Trent memories of politician Terry Crowe". Thisisstaffordshire.co.uk. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  13. ^ "Aldermen in Municipal Boroughs Bill". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). 20 July 1910. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  14. ISBN 9781852612320. Archived from the original
    on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
  15. ^ Local Government Act 1972, Part XII, Section 249 (1)
  16. ^ "About City Government & the Chicago City Council". 21 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  17. ^ "Illinois General Assembly - Bill Status for SB0825". www.ilga.gov. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  18. ^ "Goodbye, Alderman. Hello, Alderperson".
  19. ^ "State Adopts 'Alderperson' To Describe Chicago City Council Members — But Some Alderpeople Aren't Thrilled". 18 June 2021.
  20. ^ "Board of Alders".
  21. ^ Potter, Chris. "Have Pittsburgh city councilors ever been called "aldermen"? I used to see "alderman" signs on an old building". Pittsburghcitypaper.ws. Archived from the original on 16 May 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
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