Alexander Prokhorov
Alexander Prokhorov | |
---|---|
Александр Прохоров | |
Peeramon, Queensland, Australia | |
Died | 8 January 2002 | (aged 85)
Resting place | Novodevichy Cemetery, Moscow |
Known for | Lasers and masers |
Awards | 1964 Nobel Prize in Physics 1987 Lomonosov Gold Medal |
Scientific career | |
Fields | Physics |
Alexander Mikhailovich Prokhorov
Early life
Alexander Michael Prochoroff was born on 11 July 1916 at Russell Road,
In 1923, after the October Revolution and the Russian Civil War, the family returned to Russia. In 1934, Prokhorov entered the Saint Petersburg State University to study physics. He was a member of the Komsomol from 1930 to 1944. Prokhorov graduated with honors in 1939 and moved to Moscow to work at the Lebedev Physical Institute, in the oscillations laboratory headed by academician N. D. Papaleksi. His research there was devoted to propagation of radio waves in the ionosphere. At the onset of World War II in the Soviet Union, in June 1941, he joined the Red Army. During World War II, Prokhorov fought in the infantry, was wounded twice in battles, and was awarded three medals, including the Medal For Courage in 1946.[4] He was demobilized in 1944 and returned to the Lebedev Institute where, in 1946, he defended his Ph.D. thesis on "Theory of Stabilization of Frequency of a Tube Oscillator in the Theory of a Small Parameter".[1][5][6]
Research
In 1947, Prokhorov started working on coherent radiation emitted by electrons orbiting in a cyclic
In 1955, Prokhorov started his research in the field of
Posts and awards
In 1959, Prokhorov became a professor at
In 1969, Prokhorov became a
He died on 8 January 2002 at Moscow and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery.
Politics
Prokhorov became a member of the
Family
Both of Prokhorov's parents died during World War II. Prokhorov married geographer Galina Shelepina in 1941, and they had a son, Kiril, born in 1945. Following his father, Kiril Prokhorov became a physicist in the field of optics and is currently leading a laser-related laboratory at the A. M. Prokhorov General Physics Institute.[4][18]
Honours and awards
- Mandelstam Prize (1948)
- Lenin Prize (1959)
- Five Orders of Lenin(including 11 May 1981)
- Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1985)
- Nobel Prize in Physics (1964)
- Hero of Socialist Labour, twice (1969, 1986)
- Medal For Courage
- USSR State Prize (1980)
- Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class (1996)
- State Prize of the Russian Federation (1998)
- Medal Frederick Ayvesa (2000)
- Demidov Prize (2001)
- Lomonosov Gold Medal (Moscow State University, 1987)
- Award of the Council of Ministers
- State Prize of the Russian Federation in science and technology (2003, posthumously) for the development of scientific and technological foundations of metrological support of measurements of length in the microwave and nanometer ranges and their application in microelectronics and nanotechnology
- Foreign Member of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (1982)
- Jubilee Medal "In Commemoration of the 100th Anniversary since the Birth of Vladimir Il'ich Lenin"
- Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
- Jubilee Medal "Twenty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Jubilee Medal "Thirty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Medal "For Valiant Labour in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945"
- Medal "Veteran of Labour"
- Jubilee Medal "50 Years of the Armed Forces of the USSR"
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 800th Anniversary of Moscow"
- Medal "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow"
Books
- A. M. Prokhorov (Editor in Chief), J. M. Buzzi, P. Sprangle, K. Wille. Coherent Radiation Generation and Particle Acceleration, 1992, ISBN 0-88318-926-7. Research Trends in Physics series published by the American Institute of Physics Press (presently Springer, New York)
- V. Stefan and A. M. Prokhorov (Editors) ISBN 1-889545-23-6.
- V. Stefan and A. M. Prokhorov (Editors). ISBN 1-889545-24-4.
References
- ^ a b c d Alexander Prokhorov on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1964 Quantum Electronics
- ^ Tablelander (newspaper) 19 July 2016 'Prokharov centenary'
- (PDF) from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ a b Основные даты жизни и деятельности академика А.М. Прохорова Archived 11 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b c Прохоров Александр Михайлович Archived 5 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine in Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e Прохоров Александр Михайлович Archived 15 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine at warheroes.ru (in Russian)
- ^ A. M. Prokhorov and V.B. Fedorov, Soviet Physics JETP 16 (1963) 1489.
- ^ "List of Members". www.leopoldina.org. Archived from the original on 4 October 2017. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
- ^ "Presidium of the International Academy of Science= Ias-icsd.org" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ "Foundation of the Russian Section of the International Academy of Science= ias-icsd.org". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
- ^ Frederic Ives Medal Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ OSA Honorary Members Archived 20 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 5-02-033176-7. Archived from the originalon 21 August 2007.
- ^ "Australia's forgotten Nobel Prize winner: Laser pioneer Alexander Prokhorov". ABC News. 3 August 2016. Archived from the original on 2 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.
- ^ Когда теряют честь и совесть Archived 19 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ "1. Андрей Сахаров. ОПАСНОСТЬ ТЕРМОЯДЕРНОЙ ВОЙНЫ (Открытое письмо доктору Сиднею Дреллу) ::: Боннэр Е.Г. - Постскриптум: Книга о горьковской ссылке ::: Боннэр Елена Георгиевна ::: Воспоминания о ГУЛАГе :: База данных :: Авторы и тексты". www.sakharov-center.ru. Archived from the original on 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 July 2021.
- ^ "The Montreal Gazette – Google News Archive Search". Archived from the original on 21 February 2022. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
- ^ "Кирилл Александрович Прохоров". Archived from the original on 21 February 2015. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
External links
- Alexander Prokhorov on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture, 11 December 1964 Quantum Electronics
- Prokhorov's role in the invention of lasers and masers
- Prokhorov's grave in Novodevichy cemetery