Pinus halepensis
Pinus halepensis | |
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Pinus halepensis in Sounion Natural Park, Greece | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Gymnospermae |
Division: | Pinophyta |
Class: | Pinopsida |
Order: | Pinales |
Family: | Pinaceae |
Genus: | Pinus |
Subgenus: | P. subg. Pinus
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Section: | P. sect. Pinus
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Subsection: | Pinus subsect. Pinaster
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Species: | P. halepensis
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Binomial name | |
Pinus halepensis | |
Distribution map |
Pinus halepensis, commonly known as the Aleppo pine, also known as the Jerusalem pine,
Description
Pinus halepensis is a small to medium-sized
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Cones
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Foliage
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Bark and trunk
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Plate from Lambert's Description of the Genus Pinus
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Cone of pinus halepensis in Hebron
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Pinus halepensis forest at the island of Mljet
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A dead Aleppo pine in front of the Étang de Thau
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A grove of Aleppo pines in Pinet
Related species
The Aleppo pine is closely related to the
Distribution and habitat
The native range of Pinus halepensis extends from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and Spain north to southern France, Malta, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, and Albania, and east to Greece. It has been introduced into many parts of the world, including Portugal. There is an outlying population (from which it was first described) in Syria, Lebanon, southern Turkey, Jordan, Israel and Palestine.
The species is generally found at low altitudes, mostly from sea level to 200 m (660 ft), but can grow above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in southern and eastern Spain, well over 1,200 m (3,900 ft) on Crete, and up to 1,700 m (5,600 ft) in the south, in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.[4][5] The tree is able to quickly colonize open and disturbed areas. It is classed as an invasive species in South Africa.[9] It can grow on all substrates and almost in all bioclimates in the Mediterranean.[10]
Pinus halepensis is a diagnostic species of the vegetation class Pinetea halepensis.[11]
Uses
The resin of the Aleppo pine is used to flavor the Greek wine retsina.
From the pine nuts of the Aleppo pine is made a pudding called asidet zgougou in the Tunisian dialect; it is served in bowls, covered with cream, and topped with almonds and small candies.
The Maltese dessert prinjolata is also prepared using these pine nuts, both in its filling as well as a topping.
Aleppo pine are used for bonsai.
Forestry
In its native area, P. halepensis is widely planted for its fine timber, making it one of the most important forestry trees in Algeria and Morocco.[6]
In
The Aleppo pine is considered an invasive species though useful in South Africa; in South Australia, a control program is in place on Eyre Peninsula.
Landscape
Pinus halepensis is a popular
In culture
Paul Cézanne had an Aleppo pine in his garden at Aix-en-Provence; this tree was the inspiration and model for his painting The Big Trees. As of 2005, the tree is still growing in Cézanne's garden.[15]
References
- . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- S2CID 53148456.
- ^ Template:Https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51511270
- ^ ISBN 90-04-13916-8.
- ^ ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
- ^ a b c Nahal, I. (1962). Le Pin d'Alep (Pinus halepensis Miller). Étude taxonomique, phytogéographique, écologique et sylvicole. Annales de l'École National des Eaux et Forêts (Nancy) 19: 1–207.
- ^ Christensen, K. I. (1997). Gymnospermae. Pp. 1–17 in Strid, A., & Tan, K., eds., Flora Hellenica 1. Königstein.
- ISBN 0-521-55176-5.
- ^ "Aleppo pine – Invasive Species South Africa".
- ^ Facy, B.; Semerci, H. & Vendramin, G.G. (2003). "Aleppo and Brutia pines - Pinus halepensis/Pinus brutia" (PDF). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines for Genetic Conservation and Use. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2016-10-24.
- S2CID 228839165.
- ^ Newman Information Center for Desert Research and Development, Aleppo pine
- ^ F.T. Maestre, J. Cortina . "Are Pinus halepensis plantations useful as a restoration tool in semiarid Mediterranean areas?" Forest Ecology and Management, 2004 (Elsevier).
- ^ Reducing Tear Out when Wood Planing
- ^ Cézanne, P. "Visions". In Architectural Digest, December 2005: 117.
External links
- Gymnosperm Database: Pinus halepensis
- Pinus halepensis—distribution map, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)