Alessandria

Coordinates: 44°55′N 08°37′E / 44.917°N 8.617°E / 44.917; 8.617
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Alessandria (disambiguation).

Alessandria
Lissandria (Piedmontese)
Comune
Comune di Alessandria
Alessandria Cathedral on the Piazza del Duomo
Alessandria Cathedral on the Piazza del Duomo
Flag of Alessandria
Flag
Coat of arms of Alessandria
Coat of arms
Location of Alessandria
Map
San Baudolino
Saint dayNovember 10
WebsiteOfficial website

Alessandria (Italian pronunciation:

Bormida rivers, about 90 kilometres (56 miles) east of Turin
.

Alessandria is also a major

railway hub
.

History

Alessandria was founded in 1168 with a charter as a free comune; it was sited upon a preexisting urban nucleus, to serve as a stronghold for the Lombard League, defending the traditional liberties of the communes of northern Italy against the Imperial forces of Frederick Barbarossa. Alessandria stood in the territories of the marchese of Montferrat, a staunch ally of the Emperor, with a name assumed in 1168 to honour the Emperor's opponent, Pope Alexander III. In 1174–1175 the fortress was sorely tested by the Imperial siege and stood fast. A legend (related in Umberto Eco's book Baudolino, and which recalls one concerning Bishop Herculanus’ successful defence of Perugia several centuries earlier) says it was saved by a quick-witted peasant, Gagliaudo: he fed his cow with the last grain remaining within the city, then took it outside the city walls until he reached the Imperial camp. Here he was captured, and his cow cut open to be cooked: when the Imperials found the cow's stomach filled with grain, Gagliaudo was asked the reason to waste such a rich meal. He answered that he was forced to feed his cow with grain because there was such a lot of it, and no room to place it within the city. The Emperor, fearing that the siege would last too long, left Alessandria free (malaria was probably the real cause of his departure). A statue of Gagliaudo can be found on the left corner of the city cathedral.

Alessandria entered into jealous conflicts with the older communes of the region, in particular with Asti.[3]

In 1348 Alessandria fell into the hands of the

Sforza, following the career of Milan, until 1707, when it was ceded to the House of Savoy and henceforth formed part of Piedmont
. The new domination was evidenced by the construction of a new big Cittadella on the left side of the river Tanaro, across from the city.

With Napoleon's success at the

Département of Marengo
. During this period another substantial fort was built to the north of the city containing impressive and substantial barracks which are still used as military headquarters and stores (2006). The remains of a second fort to the south of the city (Cristo quarter) have been sliced in two by a railway (Forte ferrovia); a third one still remains in the middle of the same quarter (Forte Acqui).

From 1814 Alessandria was Savoyard territory once more, part of the

Risorgimento
, Alessandria was an active centre of the liberals.

In a suburb, Spinetta Marengo, the Battle of Marengo is reenacted annually, on 14 June.

Alessandria was the first capital of an Italian province to be governed by a Socialist: the clockmaker Paolo Sacco was elected mayor on 25 July 1899.

Owing to its

Brazilian Expeditionary Force
.

On 6 November 1994 the Tanaro flooded a good part of the city, causing major damage, especially in the Orti quarter.

Jewish history

The first known

Auschwitz where they were murdered.[8]

Geography

Climate

Alessandria is located in a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), the city has moderately cold winters and hot, sultry summers. Rainfall is moderate, with two minimums (summer and winter) and two maximums in autumn and spring.

Climate data for Alessandria
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8) 		6.6
(43.9) 		12.6
(54.6) 		17.7
(63.8) 		22.4
(72.3) 		26.7
(80.1) 		29.5
(85.1) 		28.6
(83.5) 		24.1
(75.4) 		16.9
(62.5) 		9.4
(48.9) 		4.4
(40.0) 		16.8
(62.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7) 		−0.6
(31.0) 		3.7
(38.6) 		8.0
(46.4) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.2
(61.1) 		18.5
(65.3) 		17.9
(64.2) 		14.5
(58.1) 		9.3
(48.7) 		3.9
(39.1) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		8.4
(47.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 38
(1.5) 		37
(1.46) 		54
(2.13) 		64
(2.52) 		60
(2.36) 		47
(1.85) 		32
(1.26) 		36
(1.42) 		43
(1.69) 		74
(2.92) 		72
(2.84) 		46
(1.81) 		603
(23.75)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 4.4
(1.7) 		3.9
(1.5) 		2.1
(0.8) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0.3
(0.1) 		1.8
(0.7) 		12.5
(4.8)
Average rainy days 10 10 12 13 14 12 9 11 10 11 12 10 134
Average snowy days 2.3 1.7 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 1.5 6.3
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		72 67 74 74 74 74 73 72 73 76 76 75 73
Mean monthly sunshine hours 120.9 132.8 170.5 195 223.2 249 297.6 269.7 201 167.4 114 120.9 2,262
Mean daily sunshine hours 3.9 4.7 5.5 6.5 7.2 8.3 9.6 8.7 6.7 5.4 3.8 3.9 6.2
Mean daily daylight hours 9.3 10.5 12 13.5 14.9 15.6 15.2 14 12.5 10.9 9.6 8.8 12.2
Source 1: Intellicast[9]
Source 2: Weather Atlas(Snow-Daylight-UV)[10] Weather2Visit(Rainy days-Humidity-Sun)[11]

Government

See also: List of mayors of Alessandria

Main sights

Monuments

Museums

  • The Marengo Battle Museum
  • Antiquarium Forum Fulvii
  • Sale d'arte
  • I percorsi del Museo Civico
  • Museo del Fiume
  • Museo di Scienze Naturali e Planetario
  • Museo Etnografico "C'era una volta"
  • Museo del Cappello Borsalino
  • Sistema dei musei civici[15]

Cemetery

Events

Transport

Novara, Pavia, Cavallermaggiore, Ovada and San Giuseppe di Cairo
, respectively.

Sport

The town's professional

Juventus Turin
.

People born in Alessandria

See also: Category:People from Alessandria

Twin towns — sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy

Alessandria is

twinned with:[19]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  3. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Alessandria" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 543.
  4. ISSN 0391-6715
    . Retrieved 2 February 2023.
  5. ^ Memoriale delle vittime dei bombardamenti Alleati della II Guerra Mondiale
  6. ^ Ricordo dell’inutile strage dal cielo: un memoriale con i nomi delle 559 vittime dei bombardamenti
  7. ^ Alessandria ricorda le 559 Vittime dei bombardamenti alleati della II guerra mondiale
  8. ^ a b c "Alessandria". Encyclopaedia Judaica. The Gale Group. 2008.
  9. ^ "Alessandria historic weather averages". The Casaccia Center of Enea. Retrieved 26 September 2009.
  10. ^ "Yearly & Monthly Weather - Alessandria, Italy". weather atlas. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  11. ^ "Alessandria Weather Averages & Temperatures". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
  12. ISBN 978-3-290-17215-2
    . Retrieved 2 February 2012.
  13. ^ "'Gottesherrschaft' im Alltagsleben" (PDF). Siegener Zeitung. 8 April 2006. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  14. ^ Sabbath Rest Advent Church, The History of the Sabbath Rest Advent Church, 2002.
  15. ^ "Città di Alessandria". www.comune.alessandria.it.
  16. ^ Fraskettando SkaBluesJazz Festival official website. Archived 2011-05-12 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ^ "Sito ufficiale del Moto Club Madonnina dei Centauri di Alessandria". www.mcmadonnina.it.
  18. ISBN 978-3-59-844088-5
    .
  19. ^ "Città gemellate". comune.alessandria.it (in Italian). Alessandria. Retrieved 13 December 2019.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Alessandria.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alessandria.
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