Alexander Guchkov
Alexander Guchkov | |
---|---|
Александр Гучков | |
Nicholas II | |
Prime Minister | Pyotr Stolypin |
Preceded by | Nikolay Khomyakov |
Succeeded by | Mikhail Rodzianko |
Member of the State Duma | |
In office 1 November 1907 – 9 June 1912 | |
Constituency | Moscow |
Minister of War and Navy of the Russian Provisional Government | |
In office 1 March 1917 – 30 April 1917 | |
Preceded by | Mikhail Belyaev |
Succeeded by | Alexander Kerensky |
Personal details | |
Born | Moscow, Moscow Governorate, Russian Empire | 14 October 1862
Died | 14 February 1936 Paris, France | (aged 73)
Alma mater | Imperial Moscow University (1886) |
Alexander Ivanovich Guchkov (
Early years
Alexander Guchkov was born in Moscow. Unlike most of the conservative politicians of that time, Guchkov did not belong to the Russian nobility. His father, the grandson of a peasant, was a factory owner of some means, whose family came from a stock of Old Believers who had acknowledged the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church while keeping their ancient ritual. His mother was French.[1]
Guchkov studied history and humanities at the Moscow State University, and, after having gone through his military training in a grenadier regiment, left for Germany where he read political economy in Berlin under Schmoller. Academic studies were, however, not suited to his active and adventurous character. He gave them up and started traveling. He rode alone on horseback through Mongolia to western Siberia, and narrowly escaped being slaughtered by a mob.[1]
He became known for his hazardous acts, which also included
He was elected by the Moscow municipal
Guchkov wanted military reforms, including the transfer of certain controls from the court to the Duma and the government.[2] Under Sergei Witte he was appointed as Minister of Trade and Industry.
In October 1906, Guchkov became the head of the conservative liberal
Guchkov was Chairman of the Duma's Committee of Imperial Defence, which had a veto over the military budget. In 1908 he condemned the diplomats' decision not to go in war in 1908, when Austria annexed
In the
Party crisis and World War I
In 1912 the Octobrists were defeated in elections to the fourth Duma, losing over 30 seats. Guchkov in particular was defeated in his constituency in Moscow. The remaining Octobrists in Duma split into two fractions and went into opposition. By 1915 many local party branches and the main party newspaper "Voice of Moscow" ceased to exist.
Guchkov is connected with spreading letters between
With the outbreak of
In August 1916 the word revolution was on people's lips.
When the
After the revolution
After the
After the October Revolution Guchkov provided financial support for the White Guard. When the eventual defeat of the White Guard became inevitable, he emigrated, first going to Germany.
In 1923, while living in Berlin, Guchkov hosted meetings of the "Eurasian Movement" over which the
Guchkov died on 14 February 1936 in Paris.
Memoirs
- Alexander Ivanovich Guchkov rasskazyvaet—Vospominaniya predsedatelya Gosudarstvennoj dumy i voennogo ministra Vremennogo pravitel'stva, Moscow, TOO Red. zhurnala "Voprosy istorii", 1993, ISBN 5-86397-001-4, 143p.
Personal life
Guchkov was an active member of the irregular
Modern perception
Guchkov has become something of a
See also
Notes
- ^ Sergei Mikhailovich Shpigelglas (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Шпигельглас; 1897–1941) who, as a member of the Cheka's Special Department (OO) (Russian: Особого отдела (OO)), headed its financial department (Russian: начальник сметного (финансового) отдела ОО ВЧК) and financed Richard Sorge's activities in Shanghai before Sorge left China on 12 November 1932.[14] Sergey Spiegelglass is also transliterated as Spigelglas, Shpegelglas or Shpigelglas.
References
- ^ a b c d e f g One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Paul Vinogradoff (1922). "Guchkov, Alexander". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.
- ^ Orland Figes (1996), "A People's Tragedy", p. 61.
- ^ O. Figes (1996), p. 247.
- ^ a b c Куликов С.В. Центральный военно-промышленный комитет накануне и в ходе Февральской революции 1917 года // Российская история. – 2012. – No. 1. – С. 69-90.
- ^ Iliodor, The Mad Monk, p. 193
- ^ B. Moynahan (1997) Rasputin. The saint who sinned, p. 169-170.
- ^ J.T. Fuhrmann (2013) The Untold Story, p. 91.
- ^ O. Figes (1996), p. 279.
- ^ Peeling, Siobhan. "War Industry Committees". International Encyclopedia of the First World War. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 14 August 2015.
- ^ O. Figes (1996), p. 283.
- ^ Raymond Pearson (1964) The Russian moderates and the crisis of Tsarism 1914–1917, p. 128.
- ^ O. Figes (1996), p. 344.
- ^ ASIN B0006BZDJQ.
- ^ a b "ДУБОНОСОВ АНДРЕЙ ИЛЬИЧ 1900–1978" [DUBONOSOV ANDREY ILYICH 1900–1978]. АНО «Экономическая летопись» (ANO "Economic Chronicle") (letopis.org) (in Russian). 26 October 2017. Archived from the original on 26 October 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
- ^ "Noteworthy members of the Grand Orient of France in Russia and the Supreme Council of the Grand Orient of Russia's People". Grand Lodge of British Columbia and Yukon. 15 October 2017.
Sources
- Alexander Sergeevich Senin. Alexander Ivanovich Guchkov, Moscow, Skriptoriy, 1996, 263p.
- William Ewing Gleason. Alexander Guchkov and the end of the Russian Empire, Philadelphia, American Philosophical Society, 1983, ISBN 0-87169-733-5, 90p.