Alexander I of Macedon
Alexander I | |
---|---|
King of Macedon | |
Reign | c. 498/497–454 BC |
Predecessor | Amyntas I |
Successor | Perdiccas II |
Born | ? |
Died | 454 BC |
Spouse | unknown |
Issue more... |
|
Dynasty | Argead |
Father | Amyntas I |
Alexander I (
Biography
Alexander was the only son of Amyntas I and an unknown spouse,[5] whose name was perhaps Eurydice.[6] He had a sister named Gygaea (Greek: Γυγαίη).[7]
According to Herodotus, Alexander married his sister to the Persian general Bubares while a vassal of the Achaemenid Empire as a bribe to cover up his murder of a Persian embassy.[8] However, this story is widely regarded as a fiction invented by Herodotus or, at least, hearsay from his time spent in Macedonia.[9] It is more likely that Amyntas arranged the marriage himself around 510, or that Alexander handled it after his father died.[10]
Alexander came to the throne during the era of the kingdom's vassalage to
From the time of Mardonius' conquest of Macedon,
Alexander claimed descent from
Issue
Alexander and his unnamed spouse[5] had at least six children:[23]
- Perdiccas II, succeeded Alexander I.
- Menelaus, father of Amyntas II
- Philip
- Amyntas, whose son Arrhidaeus was the father of Amyntas III.
- Alcetas
- Stratonice, married by her brother Perdiccas II to Seuthes II of Thrace.[24]
Family tree
Modern historians disagree on a number of details concerning the genealogy of the Argead dynasty. Robin Lane Fox, for example, refutes Nicholas Hammond's claim that Ptolemy of Aloros was Amyntas II's son, arguing that Ptolemy was neither his son nor an Argead.[25] Consequently, the chart below does not account for every chronological, genealogical, and dynastic complexity. Instead, it represents one common reconstruction of the early Argeads advanced by historians such as Hammond, Elizabeth D. Carney, and Joseph Roisman.[26][27][28][5]
- (1) Amyntas I (r. c. 513 – 498/497 BC)
- (2) Alexander I (r. 498/497 – 454 BC)
- (3) Perdiccas II (r. 454 – 413/2 BC)
- Archelaus(r. 413/2 – 400/399 BC)
- (5) Orestes (r. 400/399 – 398/7 BC)
- Argaeus II (r. 388/7 – 387/6 BC)
- Pausanias
- unnamed daughter Derdas of Elimea
- unnamed daughter Amyntas II
- (6) Aeropus II (r. 398/7 – 394/3 BC)
- (8) Pausanias (r. 394/3 – 393/2 BC)
- unnamed son
- Menelaus
- (7) Amyntas II (r. 394/3 BC)
- (11) Ptolemy of Aloros (r. 368 – 365 BC)
- (7) Amyntas II (r. 394/3 BC)
- Amyntas
- Arrhidaeus
- (9) Amyntas III (r. 393/2 – 370 BC)
- From whom Philip II and Alexander III is descended.
- (9) Amyntas III (r. 393/2 – 370 BC)
- Arrhidaeus
- Philip
- Amyntas
- Agerrus
- Alcetas
- Alexander
- Agelaus
- Arepyros
- Stratonice Seuthes I
- (3) Perdiccas II (r. 454 – 413/2 BC)
- Gygaea Bubares
- (2) Alexander I (r. 498/497 – 454 BC)
See also
References
Notes
- ^ While Greeks such as Demosthenes and Aristotle referred to them as such, there is no evidence that any Macedonian ruler prior to Alexander III used an official royal title (basileus).[3][4]
- ^ The term "Philhellene" was occasionally used in Antiquity to describe Greeks who patriotically defended their culture.[20][21][22]
References
- ^ Ferrary, Jean-Louis (2006). "Philhellenism". In Cancik, Hubert; et al. (eds.). Brill's New Pauly. Translated by Salazar, Christine F.; Gentry, Francis G. Brill Reference Online.
- ^ Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1940) [1843]. "φιλέλλην". In Jones, Henry Stuart; McKenzie, Roderick (eds.). A Greek–English Lexicon (9th ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- S2CID 162629292.
- ISBN 9781405179362.
- ^ a b c Carney 2000, p. 250.
- Genealogics. 2003
- ^ Herodotus, Book 5: Terpsichore, 21
- ^ "Herodotus, The Histories, Book 5, chapter 21, section 2". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
- ^ a b c d Sprawski, Sławomir (2010). "The Early Temenid Kings to Alexander I". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Blackwell. pp. 134–138. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ^ Carney 2000, p. 16.
- ^ Olbrycht, Marek Jan (2010). "Macedonia and Persia". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Blackwell. p. 343. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ISBN 9780140449082.
- ^ A History of Macedonia. Τom. 2 Review: John Cole
- ^ Malcolm Errington, "A History of Macedonia", University of California Press, 1993, p.4: "Ancient allegations that the Macedonians were non-Greeks all had their origin in Athens at the time of the struggle with Philip II. Then as now, political struggle created the prejudice. The orator Aeschines once even found it necessary, in order to counteract the prejudice vigorously fomented by his opponents, to defend Philip on this issue and describe him at a meeting of the Athenian Popular Assembly as being 'Entirely Greek'. Demosthenes' allegations were lent an appearance of credibility by the fact, apparent to every observer, that the life-style of the Macedonians, being determined by specific geographical and historical conditions, was different from that of a Greek city-state. This alien way of life was, however, common to western Greeks of Epiros, Akarnania and Aitolia, as well as to the Macedonians, and their fundamental Greek nationality was never doubted. Only as a consequence of the political disagreement with Macedonia was the issue raised at all."
- ^ Herodotus 5.22
- ^ Justin-7.2.14
- ISBN 0-19-924919-9
- ISBN 0-08-045093-8.
- ^ Plato, Republic, 5.470e, Xenophon Agesilaus, 7.4 (in Greek)
- ^ Xenophon, Agesilaus, 7.4
- ^ Isocrates, To Philip, 5.22
- ^ Plato, Republic, 470e
- ^ Roisman, Joseph (2010). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas III". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Blackwell. pp. 134–138. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ^ Carney 2000, p. 20.
- ^ Fox, Robin Lane (2011). "399–369 BC". In Fox, Robin Lane (ed.). Brill's Companion to Ancient Macedon: Studies in the Archaeology and History of Macedon, 650 BC – 300 AD. Boston: Brill. pp. 231–232.
- ^ Hammond, N. G. L.; Griffith, G. T. (1979). A History of Macedonia Volume II: 550–336 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 176.
- ^ Roisman, Joseph (2010). "Classical Macedonia to Perdiccas III". In Roisman, Joseph; Worthington, Ian (eds.). A Companion to Ancient Macedonia. Blackwell. pp. 134–138. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
- ^ Psoma, Selene (2012). "Arepyros or A(u)re(lius) Pyros?". Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. 180: 202–204.
Bibliography
- ISBN 9780806132129.