Alexander King (scientist)
Alexander King
Life and career
Born in Glasgow, King attended
With the outbreak of WWII,
In 1957, King joined the European Productivity Agency (EPA) as Director in Paris, subsequently becoming Director-General for Scientific Affairs at the OECD[9] At the OECD, "he initiated the Science Policy Surveys, which took a critical look at the state of science and technology in the OECD countries. Among other things, his initiatives encouraged new forms of education."[10] He retired from the OECD in 1974, taking up the chairmanship of the International Federation of Institutes of Advanced Studies (IFIAS), an organisation based in Stockholm.[11]
The Club of Rome
King has been described as "a cool catalyst with the golden knack of transforming ideas into action."
The 1972 best-selling report The Limits to Growth, which was commissioned by the Club of Rome and funded by the Volkswagen Foundation, was the first attempt to simulate the consequences of development on the earth's limited resources.[15] The book "challenged the economic orthodoxy that the earth would always provide the resources for human prosperity, and became the biggest-selling environmental book in history."[16] In questioning prevalent assumptions about the inevitability and benefits of economic growth, the Club of Rome provoked sometimes fierce controversy and accusations of elitism. Its warnings about the dangers of anthropogenic environmental change were disputed in ways that anticipate contemporary opposition to scientific assessments of global climate change.[17] The Club of Rome's concerns with overpopulation were viewed by some as neo-Malthusian.[18] However, the Club of Rome's mission to bring awareness to the pressures of development on the environment – and in particular the publication of The Limits to Growth – according to King's obituary, "touched a raw nerve in the body politic. Its warnings resonated with the fears of others that there was an emerging environmental crisis. The United Nations Environment Programme was established a few months after [the book] appeared. The word 'environment' does not even appear in the 1945 UN Charter, and King helped expand the UN's role into environmental protection."[19]
After Peccei's death, King served as the Club's President from 1984 to 1990. He was the recipient of many honours: in 1975 he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) and in 1987 he was awarded the Erasmus Prize for his contribution to raising awareness of "the positive and negative impact of technological progress on society."[20]
Works
King's autobiography, Let the Cat Turn Round: One Man's Traverse of the Twentieth Century, was published in 2006 and acclaimed by the scientist, and Limits to Growth co-author Dennis Meadows, as "a chronicle of a century": "Few science policy advisors were better situated than Alex King to observe the way technology co-evolved with politics and economics in the 1900s. This book summarizes his contributions and offers his insights. Both are of major importance."[21] Other books by King include The State of the Planet (Pergamon, 1980) and, with Bertrand Schneider, The First Global Revolution (Pantheon, 1991).
King wrote a monograph, Science, Technology and the Quality of Life (1972) and co-authored An Eye to the Future (1975) for the London-based Institute for Cultural Research, which was founded and directed by the writer and thinker, Idries Shah, a fellow member of the Club of Rome.[22][23][24]
Personal life
The King family originated from Dunblane and Doune in Scotland. Alexander King's father, James Mitchell King, worked for the Nobel Explosives Company and eventually became a director of Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). On his mother's side, King was a descendant of the industrialist and philanthropist David Dale (1773–1806), the founder of the New Lanark Mills and father-in-law of the utopian socialist Robert Owen (1771–1858).[25] In 1933, King married Sarah Maskell Thompson whom he had met in Munich, a niece of the Liberal politician Walter Runciman, Viscount Runciman of Doxford, and granddaughter of the Liberal MP and industrialist James Cochran Stevenson. King's daughter, Catherine Peckham, is a well known doctor, who became the first Professor of Paediatric Epidemiology in the UK.
References
- ^ "History of the Club of Rome". Club of Rome. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ Suter, Keith (1999). "The Club of Rome: The Global Conscience". Contemporary Review. 275: 1–5.
- S2CID 164497528.
- ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Last Word". BBC Radio 4. 30 March 2007. Archived from the original on 28 June 2008. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
- ^ "Harrison Memorial Prize". Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ Brabyn, Howard (24 August 1972). "Cool Catalyst". New Scientist: 390.
- ^ Suter, Keith (2 May 2007). "Alexander King: Obituary". The Guardian.
- ^ "Birthday Honours". The London Gazette. No. 38311. 10 June 1948.
- ^ .King, Alexander (2006). Let the Cat Turn Round: One Man's Traverse Through the Twentieth Century. London: CPTM. pp. 220–249.
- ^ "Erasmus Prize Former Laureates". Praemium Erasmianum Foundation. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ Peccei, Aurelio (1977). The Human Quality. Pergamon. p. 7.
- ^ Brabyn, Howard (24 August 1977). "Cool Catalyst". New Scientist: 390.
- S2CID 164497528.
- ^ "History of the Club of Rome". Club of Rome. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ISBN 9780876631652.
- ^ "Alexander King: Obituary". The Telegraph. 26 March 2007.
- ^ "American Fanatics put Scientists Lives at Risk". New Scientist: 219. 22 October 1981.
- ISBN 9781844670222.
- ^ Suter, Keith (2 May 2007). "Alexander King: Obituary". The Guardian.
- ^ "Erasmus Prize". Praemium Erasmianum Foundation. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
- ^ King, Alexander (2006). Let the Cat Turn Round: One Man's Traverse Through the Twentieth Century. London: CPTM. p. back matter.
- ISSN 0306-1906.
- ISBN 978-0-9500029-1-0.
- ^ King, Alexander (1972). "Science, Technology and the Quality of Life". The Institute for Cultural Research via The Idries Shah Foundation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
- ^ King, Alexander (2006). Let the Cat Turn Round: One Man's Traverse Through the Twentieth Century. London: CPTM. p. 10.
External links
- The Club of Rome: Beginnings
- Memoirs of a Boffin contains some biographical material on King
- CPTM contains information about Alexander King's autobiography Let the cat turn round: one man's traverse of the Twentieth century published by CPTM, November 2006
- Brabyn, Howard (1972). "Cool Catalyst". New Scientist. 55 (24 Aug): 390–391.