Alexander Mack
Alexander Mack | |
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Parents | Johann Phillip Mack (father) and Christina Fillbrun Mack (mother) |
Spouse | Anna Margarethe Kling |
Children | Johann Valentine, Johannes, and Alexander Mack, Jr. (sons) and Christina and unnamed infant (daughters) |
Occupation | Composer, elder and minister, philanthropist, theologian |
Profession | Miller |
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Schwarzenau Brethren (the German Baptists or Dunkers) |
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Alexander Mack (c. 27 July 1679
Early life and founding of the Brethren
Mack was born in
In the early 1700s, Graf (Count) Henrich Albrecht Sayn-Wittgenstein provided refuge to religious dissenters from other German states and elsewhere. Many were settled around the small village of Schwarzenau, including Mack and his followers. The era of toleration for radical Pietism lasted only until about 1740, but had few precedents at the time and was denounced by the rulers of most other German states.[3] Schwarzenau is now part of the town of Bad Berleburg in the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The school (now closed) in Schwarzenau was named in honor of Alexander Mack.[4]
The initial group that became known as the Schwarzenau Brethren were inaugurated by Mack as a Bible study with four other men and three women. In 1708—having become convinced of the necessity of Believer's baptism—the group decided to baptize themselves, using a lottery system to choose who would baptize one another in the Eder.[5]
Emigration to the American Colonies
In 1719, a branch of the Schwarzenau Brethren—led by Peter Becker—emigrated to
Teachings and writings
Prior to the formation of any strict
.Footnotes
- ^ Some sources (e.g. Schulz 1954) cite this as Mack's birthday, others (e.g. Eberly; Willoughby 1991, p. 1) refer to this as his date of baptism.
Works cited
- Grebe, Ursula (1965). "Warum Alexander-Mack-Schule?". In Krämer, Fritz (ed.). Wittgenstein. Vol. II. Balve, Germany. pp. 36–41.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lückel, Ulf (2009). "Die Anfänge des radikalen Pietismus in Wittgenstein". In Burkardt, Johannes; Hey, Bernd (eds.). Von Wittgenstein in die Welt: Radikale Frömmigkeit und religiöse Toleranz. Bielefeld, Germany. pp. 41–68. ISBN 978-3-7858-0452-0.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Mack, Alexander (1991) [1708–1720], Eberly, William R. (ed.), The Complete Writings of Alexander Mack (1st ed.), ISBN 0-936693-12-6
- Willoughby, William G. (1991). "The Life of Alexander Mack". The Complete Writings of Alexander Mack. pp. 1–6.
- Schulz, Lawrence W. (1954), Schwarzenau Yesterday and Today (1st ed.), Winona Lake, Indiana, United States: Light and Life Press
- Stoeffler, F.E. (2007). Continental Pietism and Early American Christianity. Wipf & Stock. ISBN 978-1-55635-226-3.
- Stoffer, Dale R. (1989), William R. Eberly (ed.), Background and Development of Brethren Doctrines 1650–1987, Brethren Encyclopedia Monograph Series, vol. 2 (1st ed.), ISBN 0-936693-22-3
References
- ^ "Brethren Historical Library and Archives". Retrieved 13 Sep 2015.
- ^ a b c d Willoughby 1991, p. 1.
- ^ Lückel 2009.
- ^ Grebe 1965.
- ^ Schulz 1954, p. 21.
- ^ a b c Schulz 1954, p. 31.
- ^ a b Stoeffler 2007, p. 238.
- ^ Bowman, Carl (1995). Brethren Society: The Cultural Transformation of a Peculiar People. Johns Hopkins University Press
- ^ Rev. John McClintock; James Strong (1895), "Universalism", Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, vol. 10, pp. 109–33
- ^ European Origins of the Brethren, Donald F. Durnbaugh
Further reading
- Ankrum, F. (1943). Alexander Mack: the Tunker, and descendants. Herald Press.
- Counting the Cost: The Life of Alexander Mack, 1679–1735, William G. Willougby (1979), Brethren Press ISBN 087178159X