Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović
Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović | |
---|---|
Ali-paša Rizvanbegović | |
Vizier of Herzegovina Eyalet | |
In office 1833–1851 | |
Monarch | Mahmud IIAbdulmejid I |
Preceded by | Office established |
Succeeded by | Office abolished |
Captain of Stolac | |
In office 1813–1851 | |
Monarch | Mahmud IIAbdulmejid I |
Preceded by | Omer Bey Rizvanbegović |
Personal details | |
Born | 1783 Bosnian uprising (1831–32) |
Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović (1783 – 20 March 1851;[1] Turkish: Ali Paşa Rıdvanbegoviç) was a Herzegovinian Ottoman captain (administrator) of Stolac from 1813 to 1833 and the semi-independent ruler (vizier) of the Herzegovina Eyalet from 1833 to 1851. The eyalet had been created specifically for him as a reward for helping to suppress the local Gradaščević Rebellion against the Ottoman Empire. However, he was deposed and summarily executed when the authorities in Constantinople discovered that he was hatching plans to rule Herzegovina independently of the Porte.
Early life
Ali was born in
Zulfikar's health deteriorated in 1802.[2] Milenko Krešić states that his sons entered into conflict some time before 1802, and the reason for Zulfikar's stepping aside was to pacify his sons and avoid the risk of losing the family captaincy. Thus, with the approval from the Ottoman governor of Bosnia, he divided his captaincy into two - Stolac and Hutovo and gave his first son Mustafa (also known as Mustaj-beg) the captaincy of Stolac and his second son Mehmed (also known as Hadži-beg) the captaincy of Hutovo in 1802.[3]
Captain of Stolac
After Zulfikar died in 1805, his sons started the struggle for his succession.
The struggle ended with Mustafa's death in 1813 and after Mehmed, who became the sole captain, retreated to Hutovo and left the captaincy of Stolac to Ali. Mehmed was eventually shot dead by Ali on 27 February 1832.[2]
Ali Pasha was a
Opposition to the Bosnian uprising
Ali-paša Rizvanbegović was strongly opposed to the 1831
In the early phase of the uprising, Ali-paša gave refuge in Stolac to the Ottoman governor Namik-paša, who had fled after the rebels' capture of Travnik. A rebel army set out from Sarajevo to attack Stolac, but this was put on hold when the rebels found that Namik-paša had left the city.
In the final months of 1831, however, the rebels launched an overall offensive against the loyalist captains, aimed at ending domestic opposition to the uprising and bringing the whole of Herzegovina under rebel rule. Rebel forces led by the captain of Livno, Ibrahim-beg Fidrus, attacked and defeated Sulejman-beg, captain of Ljubuški.
That victory placed most of Herzegovina in rebel hands, leaving Stolac isolated and under a rebel siege. Ali-paša Rizvanbegović conducted well the city's defense. In early March 1832 he received information that the Bosnian rebels' ranks were depleted due to the winter and broke the siege, counterattacking the rebels and dispersing their forces. At the time, a rebel force under the command of Mujaga Zlatar had been sent from Sarajevo with the intention of reinforcing the force besieging Stolac – but was recalled by the rebel leadership on 16 March 1832, after news arrived of an impending major Ottoman offensive.
With the Ottoman armies closing in on Sarajevo in a following months, Ali-paša Rizvanbegović advanced with his own forces, as did his fellow loyalist Smail-aga Čengić of Gacko. Their armies arrived on 4 June at Stup, a small locality on the road between Sarajevo and Ilidža, where a long, intense battle had already been going on between the main Ottoman armies and the rebel army led by Gradaščević himself.
The Herzegovinian loyalist troops broke through defenses Gradaščević had set up on his flank and joined the fighting. Overwhelmed by the unexpected attack from behind, the rebel army was forced to retreat into the city of Sarajevo itself, where their leaders decided that further military resistance would be futile. The imperial army entered Sarajevo on 5 June and Gradaščević went into exile in Austria.
Vizier of Herzegovina
His loyalty to the Ottoman government in the moment of crisis, and his considerable military success in that cause, clearly entitled Ali-paša Rizvanbegović to a suitable reward. In 1833 Sultan
Proclamation
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2020) |
In 1833, the new vizier of Herzegovina came to Mostar, announcing to the people:
"Our honest sultan loves me and therefore made me a third near himself. He offered me to become a vizier of wherever I wanted, but I did not want to be a vizier of anything but of Herzegovina, separated from the Pashaluk of Bosnia. These are the counties of Herzegovina: . This was given to me, my children and my kin, and I have done this to prevent that some bad pasha rule over Herzegovina. I thought that it is better that I, as a native, should rule over Herzegovina, instead of some alien – nobody could be fiend to his own house. I will judge everybody by justice..."
Ali-paša further stated:
"From today on, nobody need any longer go to the emperor in Constantinople. Here in Mostar is your Constantinople, and here in Mostar is your emperor."
Administration of Herzegovina 1833–1851
As the new
He was in good terms with the Herzegovinian Franciscans. Friar Petar Bakula was his personal physician and Friar Andrija Šaravanja his economic adviser.[8] He also supported the establishment of the Apostolic Vicariate of Herzegovina, an initiative of the Herzegovinian Franciscans.[9] He helped Bishop Rafael Barišić to build an episcopal residence in Mostar, buying a private land from a Muslim and granting it to the Vicariate, despite the fierce opposition from the local Muslims. He also provided protection during the construction of the residence.[10] During his rule, the Catholics of Mostar returned to the city and became involved in the public, cultural and political life of the city.[11]
Death
While Ali-paša Rizvanbegović hoped to establish a long-lasting hereditary viziership, whereby he would eventually transfer power to his descendants, this was at odds with the Ottoman government's plans for the region. Despite Ali-paša's earlier support against the Gradaščević rebellion, Sultan
The Pashaluk of Herzegovina was abolished and its territory was merged with the Pashaluk of Bosnia, forming a new entity known as Bosnia Vilayet.
See also
- Alipasini Izvori
- Pashaluk of Herzegovina
- Herzegovina
- History of Herzegovina
- History of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Notes
- ^ "Dalmacijom u dolinu Neretve; Page 397" (PDF). Metković. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
- ^ a b c d Gölen 2019, p. 244.
- ^ Krešić 2012, pp. 20–21.
- ^ Krešić 2012, pp. 21–22.
- ^ Kapidžić 2001, p. 233.
- ^ Pamučina 1873, p. 361.
- ISBN 9781850653394.
- ^ Nikić 1979, p. 47.
- ^ Nikić 1979, p. 31.
- ^ Nikić 1979, pp. 47–48.
- ^ Nikić 1979, p. 49.
- ISBN 9781850653394.
References
Books
- Jukić, Ivan Franjo (1953). Putopisi i istorisko-etnografski radovi [Travelogues and historical-ethnographic works]. Sarajevo: Svjetlost.
- Krešić, Milenko (2012). Don Vidoje Maslać i Trebinjsko-mrkanska biskupija (1795.-1862.) [Fr. Vidoje Maslać and the Diocese of Trebinje-Mrkan] (in Croatian). Trebinje: Župni ured Trebinje. ISBN 978-9539864277.
- Kapidžić, Hamdija (2001). Ali-paša Rizvanbegović i njegovo doba. Sarajevo: Akademija nauka i umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. ISBN 9789958501128.
- Pamučina, Joanikije (1873). Жизнь Али-паши Ризванбеговича, стольчанина, визиря Герцеговинского [The Life of Ali Pasha Rizvanbegović of Stolac, the Herzegovinian Vizier] (in Russian). Bosnia and Herzegovina: А. Гильфердинга.
Journals
- Gölen, Zafer (2019). "The Last Senator: Ali Pasha Rizvanbegovic". Journal of Ottoman Legacy Studies. 6: 243–255.
- Nikić, Andrija (1979). "Osnivanje Apostolskog vikarijata u Hercegovini" [Establishment of the Apostolic Vicariate in Herzegovina]. Croatica Christiana Periodica (in Croatian). 3 (3): 21–50.