Aligarh
Aligarh | |
---|---|
City | |
PIN Code | 202001, 202002 |
Telephone code | 0571 |
Vehicle registration | UP-81 |
Website | aligarh |
Aligarh ( .
The recorded history of Aligarh begins in the 12th century, under the name Kol. Kol was a major city of the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire, serving as both a political and economic centre. Beginning with a major rebuilding of the Aligarh Fort in the 16th century, the city was renamed several times before eventually settling on the current name, Aligarh, in the mid-1700s. It is notable as the seat of Aligarh Muslim University, which was founded here as Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1875, initiating the Aligarh Movement.
History
Written references to the city commence only from 12th century onward; however, archaeological records suggest that the town used to be inhabited by Jains.[5] The area of Aligarh before the Ghurid conquest of the region was under the sway of Dor Rajputs in 12th century.[4]
In 1194,
Under the Khiljis and Tughlaqs, the prominence continued unabated; it had become an iqta by the times of Alauddin Khalji.[5]
Kol is mentioned in
In the reign of Akbar, Kol was made a Sirkar and included the dasturs of Marahra, Kol ba Haveli, Thana Farida and Akbarabad.[citation needed] Akbar and Jahangir visited Kol on hunting expeditions. Jahangir clearly mentions the forest of Kol, where he killed wolves.[7]
During the time of
The ruler of Koil was Bargujar King Bahadur Singh who, in 1753, rose against the destruction of Hindu temples. The
Battle of Aligarh (1803)
The
Administration
. These tehsils are further divided into 12 blocks.The city is administered by Nagar Nigam Aligarh (Municipal Corporation), which is responsible for performing civic administrative functions administered by Mayor and Municipal Commissioner (PCS Officer). Infrastructure development of the city is looked after by the Aligarh Development Authority (ADA) administered by Divisional Commissioner (chairman) and vice-chairman (PCS Officer).
Aligarh is the headquarters of Aligarh Police Range and
).Demographics
According to the 2011 Census, Aligarh has a total population of 874,408, of which 461,772 are males and 412,636 are females. Population in the age range 0–6 years is 119,543. The literacy rate is 59.15%, of which the male literacy rate is 63.42% and female literacy rate is 54.37%. The effective literacy rate of 7+ population of Aligarh was 68.5%, of which male literacy rate was 62.9% and the female literacy rate was 70.8%. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes have a population of 138,184 and 332 respectively. There were 147,363 households in Aligarh as of 2011.[2] The city lies in the cultural region of Braj.[12]
-
Sunni Muslim, Aligarh
-
Shia Muslim, Aligarh
Hindi is the most spoken language. Urdu is the second-largest language.[13]
Geography
Location
Aligarh is located at the coordinates 27°53′N 78°05′E / 27.88°N 78.08°E.
Climate
Aligarh has a
Climate data for Aligarh (1981-2010, extremes 1932-2011) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 30.7 (87.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
41.7 (107.1) |
44.8 (112.6) |
47.5 (117.5) |
46.7 (116.1) |
44.5 (112.1) |
42.1 (107.8) |
40.2 (104.4) |
41.7 (107.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
47.5 (117.5) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.8 (67.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
30.3 (86.5) |
37.0 (98.6) |
40.1 (104.2) |
39.2 (102.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.4 (92.1) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.8 (91.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
22.3 (72.1) |
31.3 (88.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.1 (44.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
19.9 (67.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
26.3 (79.3) |
26.0 (78.8) |
25.2 (77.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.0 (51.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 13.4 (0.53) |
15.4 (0.61) |
9.1 (0.36) |
9.8 (0.39) |
29.0 (1.14) |
65.8 (2.59) |
207.4 (8.17) |
234.5 (9.23) |
112.2 (4.42) |
19.7 (0.78) |
4.3 (0.17) |
7.2 (0.28) |
727.7 (28.65) |
Average rainy days | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 3.9 | 9.0 | 10.4 | 5.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 38.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST )
|
64 | 56 | 46 | 32 | 34 | 46 | 67 | 75 | 67 | 53 | 57 | 61 | 55 |
Source: India Meteorological Department[15][16] |
Economy
The city is an agricultural trade centre.[17] Agricultural product processing and manufacturing are important.[18]
Aligarh is an important business center of Uttar Pradesh and is most famous for its
Aligarh is famous for its brass hardware and sculpture. Today, the city holds thousands of manufacturers, exporters, and suppliers involved in the brass, bronze, iron and aluminium industries.[citation needed]
Indian Diecasting Industries which manufactures aluminium and zinc die-casting parts is located at Sasni Gate in Aligarh.
Aligarh hosts
Wave Distillery, making
Defense Corridor also in development at Aligarh-Palwal highway near Lodha.
Education
Aligarh is a major educational hub, housing over 100 independent schools, colleges and educational institutions.[citation needed] Notable institutions include:
- Aligarh College of Engineering and Technology
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Jamia Al Barkaat Aligarh
- Mangalayatan University
Art and craft
Aligarh is associated with an applique and embroidery art known as phool patti ka kaam.
Locations
Cultural landmarks
Aligarh has several popular landmarks. Most notable few of them are Aligarh Fort, Jama Masjid,[21] Khereshwar Temple which is the birthplace of Swami Shri Haridas Ji, Dor fortress (1524), which is now in ruins, lies at the city's centre; its site is in the area now called Upper Fort (Balai Qila) and is occupied by an 18th-century mosque. The area Shah Jamal is very famous for a Sufi saint Syed Shah Jamal is also known as Shamsul Arifeen, of whom the tomb is located at Shahjamal area and surrounded by a graveyard. The Sufi Saint is mentioned by Ibn Battuta in his book The Travels of Ibn Battuta. The saint is said to be of Sufi Chishtiya order.
The Annual Cultural Exhibition, popularly known as Numaish, is held at the exhibition ground in January and February. The land Numaish Ground was donated by Nawab Rehmat Ullah Khan Sherwani. The cultural shows take place at three grand stages (Kohinoor, Krishnanjali and Muktakash). In all, more than 150 stage events featuring artists from across India take place during a period of 28–30 days.[22]
Historical places
- Shekha Jheel, Bird Sanctuary
- Maulana Azad Library, AMU (Estd 1875)
- Sir Syed Masjid in Aligarh Muslim University's campus.
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) is one of the oldest central universities. It was established by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as Madrasatul Uloom Musalmanan-e-Hind in 1875–78 which later became Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College (MAO College). It was designed to train Muslims for government services in India and prepare them for advanced training in British universities. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College became Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. It is famous for its Law, Medical, and Engineering College.[citation needed]
Museums
Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences maintains 'Museum on History of Medicine and Sciences' and 'Museum on Arts, Culture and Orientalism'. It was established by a family Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman and Syed Ziaur Rahman at the heart of the city and near a busy market of Dodhpur.[23][24]
Transport
By rail
Aligarh Junction railway station is the primary station for Aligarh city and is a major stop on the Delhi-Kolkata route. It is an A-Class railway station. It is one of the oldest railway station of this route. It connects Aligarh to the states of
Aligarh City has following railway stations:
- Aligarh Junction: an A-Class Railway Station
- Somna (Gabhana) railway station
- Mahrawal railway station
- Kalua railway station
- Daudkhan railway station
- Mandrak railway station
- Harduaganj railway station (Satha, near Kasimpur Power House)
- Manjoorgarhi railway station (Chherat)
By road
Aligarh is 140 km from New Delhi. It is one of the Division of UPSRTC. Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) buses serve cities all over the state and cities in Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Haryana.
Aligarh City has three
- Aligarh Depot(Old Bus Station/Gandhi Park Bus Station) bus station
- Masoodabad(esta. 2000) (Budh Vihar Bus Station/New Bus Station/Workshop Bus Station/Raghuveerpuri Bus Station) Depot bus station(non-functional from 2018 to 2021)(now functioning since 2021 post renovation into a well facilitated Bus Station)
- Aligarh Satellite Bus Stand(New Bus Station/Sootmill Bus Station)(functioning since 2018 due to sudden non-functioning of Massodabaad Bus Station during 2018-2021 period)
There are buses plying from Aligarh to Delhi at frequent intervals via
1) Khair, Tappal, Palval, Faridabad, Delhi - The route is under construction between Khair and Palval and should be strictly avoided by cars. No toll charges.
2) Khair, Tappal, Yamuna expressway, Noida, Greater Noida, Delhi, Gurgaon - Best and recommended route for Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon. Toll Charges are ₹120 between Aligarh and Delhi.
3) Old GT Road, Bulandshahr, Ghaziabad, Delhi - NH 91 - It is a 6-lane highway. Toll charges are ₹285.
Following Highways are connected to Aligarh:
- . Ghaziabad-Bulandshahr-Aligarh section is a 6-Lane Highway.
- National Highway 93 - It connects Moradabad to Taj Nagri Agravia Aligarh. Aligarh-Agra section is constructed as Brijbhoomi Expressway.
- Yamuna Expressway - It is a 6-Lane Expressway connecting Greater Noida with Agra.
Aligarh City has Mahanagar Bus Service (City Bus Service) which provides local transport to Aligarh.
- Route-1 J N Medical-Uperkot
- Route-2 Gandhi Park-Sarsaul
- Route-3 Ghantarbagh-Quarsi
- Route-4 Gandhi Park-Boner
- Route-5 Etah Chungi-Collectrate
Apart from this an Electronic Bus Service has been running within the city since January 2022.[25]
By air
The nearest international airport from Aligarh is Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. It is 140 km from Aligarh.
Aligarh Airport, in Dhanipur, is under construction on NH 91. Dhanipur Air Strip is used as Flying Club. The Government of Uttar Pradesh signed a memorandum of understanding with the Airports Authority of India in February 2014 for the development of the airport. The land acquisition for airport will be initiated soon and after its development flight operations will be started under regional connectivity scheme.[citation needed]
Notable people
Businessmen and entrepreneurs
- Sheela Gautam, founder of Sheela Foam Limited-Sleepwell
- Vijay Shekhar Sharma, founder of Paytm
- Khwaja Abdul Hamied, Pharmacist, founder of Cipla
Educationalists
- Ziauddin Ahmad, mathematician, M.L.A. (Central), Vice-Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University Movement. He established several institution including J.N. Medical College
- Roshan Ara Bokhari, dancer, choreographer and dance teacher[26]
- Masud Husain Khan, linguist, the fifth Vice-Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia and the first Professor Emeritus in Social Sciences at Aligarh Muslim University[27]
- Syed Ahmad Khan, founder of Aligarh Muslim University
- Shafey Kidwai, academic, bilingual critic, translator, columnist, author, professor in the Department of Mass Communications at Aligarh Muslim University
Writers, poets and publishers
- A.R. Akela, Dalit author and publisher, owner of "Anand Sahitya Sadan
- Syed Amin Ashraf, Urdu poet and professor of English at AMU
- Qurratulain Hyder, Padma Bhushan, Urdu novelist, writer, and journalist
- Bollywood lyricist and served as Professor at Aligarh Muslim University
- Munshi Nawal Kishore, book publisher
- Jainendra Kumar, Hindi writer
- Gopaldas Neeraj, poet, recipient of Padma Bhushan
- Saghar Nizami, Urdu Poet
- Prem Kishore Patakha, Hindi Humorous Poet
- Maitreyi Pushpa, Hindi fiction writer
- Gafil Swami (born 1953), Hindi poet
- Rameshraj Tewarikar, Hindi Tewari poet, Editor:′ Tewari-Paksha (tri-monthly)
Historians
- Irfan Habib, eminent Indian historian and Professor Emeritus at Aligarh Muslim University
- Mohammad Habib (1895–1971), noted Indian historian and served as Professor Emeritus at Aligarh Muslim University
Film actors
- Shamim Ara, Pakistani film actress
- Bollywoodactor, scriptwriter and producer
- Aadesh Chaudhary, Indian television actor
- Nitin Chauhaan, Indian television actor
- Ravindra Jain, Bollywood music director
- Alka Nupur, former actress, kathak dancer
- Mohd Sharia, Bollywood actor
- Chandrachur Singh, Bollywood actor
- Hasan Zaidi, Indian television actor
- Zarina, Indian artist
Sports persons
- Piyush Chawla, Indian cricketer
- Zafar Iqbal, Former hockey captain of India
- Annu Raj Singh, international shooter
- Rinku Singh, Indian Cricketer
Politicians
- Mukta Raja, MLA of Aligarh
- Aligarh (Assembly constituency)
- Dalbir Singh Chaudhary, MLA from Baruli vidhansabha constituency
- Mohammad Furqan, Mayor of Aligarh
- Aligarh (Lok Sabha constituency)
- Sleepwell
- Aligarh (Assembly constituency)
- Jamal Khwaja, ex MP
- Sanjeev Raja, ex MLA
- Bijendra Singh, ex MP
- Chaudhary Sunil Singh, ex MLC
- Kalyan Singh, ex governor and ex Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
- Rajendra Singh, ex Agriculture and Irrigation Minister, Govt of Uttar Pradesh
- Sandeep Singh, MLA Atrauli, grandson of Kalyan Singh former Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh
- Thakur Jaivir Singh, ex MLA (Now MLC)
- Roohi Zuberi, advocate
Medical professionals
- Khwaja Abdul Hamied, pharmacist, founder of Cipla (pharmaceutical company)
- Prerna Kohli, clinical psychologist, social worker and author
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman, Unani physician and author
- Syed Ziaur Rahman, pharmacologist, researcher and author
- interventional cardiologist
Social activists
- Javed Abidi, born with spina bifida, he was an activist working for the disabled community and served as the first director of the National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP)[28] and founded Disability Rights in India
- Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
See also
Notes
References
- ^ "BJP wrests Aligarh, continues winning streak in Agra". Hindustan Times. 14 May 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Census of India: Search Details". www.censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ a b "52nd Report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India" (PDF). nclm.nic.in. Ministry of Minority Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
- ^ ISBN 978-8-12411-064-5.
The areas of Meerut, Baran (modern Buland sher) and Koil (modern Aligarh) in upper doab had been under the control of Dor Rajputs, had been occupied by the Turks shortly after the battle of Tarain
- ^ a b c d e f Rezavi, Syed Ali Nadeem (24 September 2021). "Aligarh or Harigarh?". Frontline: 60–62. Archived from the original on 2 January 2022.
- ^ The Adventures of Ibn Battuta, by Ross E. Dunn, p. 215
- ^ a b "Histor11". Aligarhdirectory.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2004. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-8364-2355-6.
- ^ Aligarh, Statistics (1856). Aligarh Statistics. Aligarh: JR Hutchinson.
- ^ Edwin T. Atkinson (1875). Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District. p. 348. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "Table C-01 Population by Religion: Uttar Pradesh". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. 2011.
- ^ Lucia Michelutti (2002). "Sons of Krishna: the politics of Yadav community formation in a North Indian town" (PDF). PhD Thesis Social Anthropology. London School of Economics and Political Science University of London. p. 49. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ^ a b "2011 Census of India, Population By Mother Tongue - Uttar Pradesh (Town Level)". censusindia.gov.in. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India. Retrieved 27 June 2022.
- ^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc – Aligarh". Fallingrain.com. Archived from the original on 11 October 2011. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "Station: Aligarh Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 27–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M210. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
- ^ "India9.com". India9.com. 7 June 2005. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ "Britannica". Britannica. Archived from the original on 18 November 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2011.
- ^ Pawan Jain (3 June 2003). "Locked out". Times of India. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
- ^ "Indian Diecasting Industries - Manufacturer of Aluminium Die Cast Components for Automotive Industry & Zinc Die Cast Component for Automobile Industry from Aligarh". diecastingindia.com. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
- ^ "मुल्क की ही नहीं एशिया की भी सबसे ज़्यादा महंगी है यह मस्जिद". Zee Salaam. 21 February 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2021.
- ^ "Dainik Jagran". Epaper.jagran.com. 29 January 2015. Archived from the original on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
- ^ "World's 10 weirdest medical museums". Bryan Pirolli for CNN, Travel (24 May 2013). 16 May 2013. Archived from the original on 14 March 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- News18, (5 November 2017). Archivedfrom the original on 10 November 2017. Retrieved 17 December 2017.
- ^ "पहली बार अलीगढ़ की सड़कों पर फर्राटा भरती नजर आएंगी "इलेक्ट्रिक बस सेवा"". News18 (in Hindi). 7 January 2022. Retrieved 18 April 2022.
- ^ "International Dance Day: National Performing Arts Group pays tribute to Roshan Ara Bokhari". Daily Times. 1 May 2016.
- ^ Parekh, Rauf (3 February 2009). "DAWN - Features; February 03, 2009". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 13 April 2021.
- ^ "Demand made for legal recognition of sign language". Hindustan Times. PTI. 4 December 2010. Archived from the original on 26 January 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
Further reading
- Aligarh in My Days (Interviews of former Vice-Chancellors of Aligarh Muslim University), Ed. Syed Ziaur Rahman, Non-Resident Students' Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 1997.
- Atkinson, Edward (2010) [1875]. Descriptive And Historical Account of the Aligarh District. Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-147-42719-6.