Allhallowtide

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Santa Maria Novella
, c. A.D. 1365

Allhallowtide,

pray for the dead.[16]

Etymology

The word Allhallowtide was first used in 1471,

synonyms.[20]

History

ancient Church lie in the catacombs[21]

The Christian attitude toward the death of

early Church, the feast days of the martyrs were local observances,[26] with churches being built on those sites where their blood was shed.[27] Frances Stewart Mossier explains that this changed during the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire
, saying that:

This arrangement worked very well at first, but soon there were more martyrs than there were days in the year, and so one day was set apart in honor of them all, and called All Saints' Day. This took place about the year A.D. 610. The day of the year on which the festival first occurred was the first of May, and it was not till two hundred years after that it was changed to Nov. 1, the day we now observe. The Christians of those times were in the habit of spending the night before All Saints' Day in thinking over the good and helpful lives of those in whose honor the day was kept and in praying that they might be like them. Services were held in the churches, and candles and incense burned before the pictures and statues of the saints. It was to them one of the holiest, most significant days of all the year.[28]

Following the establishment of All Hallows' Day and its vigil, All Hallows' Eve in the 8th century A.D.,[14] Odilo of Cluny popularized the day to pray for All Souls,[29] forming the third day of the triduum of Allhallowtide.[30] It has been thought that the first three days of Allhallowtide may have originated as a ritualistic remembrance of the deluge in which the first night, All Hallows' Eve remembers the wickedness of the world before flood. The second night then celebrates the saved who survived the deluge and the last night celebrates those who would repopulate the Earth.[31]

The

persecuted for their Christian faith.[9][37][38][11] In the United Kingdom, the Church of England, mother church of the Anglican Communion, extended All Saints-tide to include Remembrance Sunday in the 20th century.[10]

Triduum

All Hallows' Eve

Hallowe'en decorations in Eifeler Hof, Germany.
Main article: Halloween

All Hallows' Eve, often contracted as Halloween, is the eve of

trick or treating.[50] In medieval Poland, believers were taught to pray out loud as they walk through the forests in order that the souls of the dead might find comfort; in Spain, Christian priests tolled their church bells in order to allow their congregants to remember the dead on All Hallows' Eve.[51] The Christian Church traditionally observed Hallowe'en through a vigil "when worshippers would prepare themselves with prayers and fasting prior to the feast day itself."[52] This church service is known as the Vigil of All Hallows or the Vigil of All Saints;[53][54] an initiative known as Night of Light seeks to further spread the observance of Vigil of All Hallows throughout Christendom.[55][56] After the service, "suitable festivities and entertainments" often follow, as well as a visit to the graveyard or cemetery, where flowers and candles are often placed in preparation for All Saints' Day (All Hallows).[57][58]

All Saints' Day

A cemetery outside an Evangelical Lutheran church (Church of Sweden) in Röke, Sweden on the feast of All Hallows. Flowers and lighted candles are placed by relatives on the graves of their deceased loved ones.
Main article: All Saints' Day

The second day of Allhallowtide is known as All Saints' Day, All Hallows' Day, or Hallowmas.

worship services is encouraged.[59][68]

All Souls' Day

tombstone
of her loved one.
Main article: All Souls' Day

The final day of Allhallowtide is known as All Souls' Day,

The Office of the Dead is read out in churches on All Souls' Day."[72] In England, a popular tradition associated with All Souls' Day is souling, in which "bands of children, or of poor men, went round to the houses of the well-to-do on Souling Day, as they called it, begging money, apples, ale, or doles of cake. In some parts specially baked cakes were prepared in readiness to give away; they were called soul-cakes."[73] The individuals who go souling often chant rhymes as they go door to door; for example, an old saying goes:[73] "A Soule-cake, a soule-cake, have mercy on all Christian souls for a soule-cake."[74] Historically, in France, on All Souls' Day, "the burial fraternities were especially active in decorating the churchyard, and everywhere priests led a procession around the graveyard and blessed the graves."[75]

See also

References

  1. ^ Leslie, Frank (1895). Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly: Allhallowtide. Frank Leslie Publishing House. p. 539. Retrieved 9 April 2014. Just as the term "Eastertide" expresses for us the whole of the church services and ancient customs attached to the festival of Easter, from Palm Sunday until Easter Monday, so does All-hallowtide include for us all the various customs, obsolete and still observed, of Halloween, All Saints' and All Souls' Days. From the 31st of October until the morning of the 3d of November, this period of three days, known as All-hallowtide, is full of traditional and legendary lore.
  2. National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty. 2012. Archived from the original
    on 6 October 2014. Hallowtide covers the three days – 31 October (All-Hallows Eve or Hallowe'en), 1 November (All Saints) and 2 November (All Souls).
  3. ISBN 0715121138
    .
  4. ISBN 006019460X
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. Together, the three celebrations-the eve of All Saints' Eve, All Saints' Day, and All Souls' Day-were called Hallowmas.
  5. ^ Flick, Stephen (2009). Christianizing Halloween and Hallowmas. Christian Heritage Fellowship. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 19 October 2014. The relics related to departed saints were placed on display during the Hallowmas season and special blessings were often promised for the veneration of these relics. In those towns and villages that were too small or poor to host a display of relics, a tradition arose which honored the lives of devoted believers by dressing like and impersonating them. Among some contemporary Christians, similar efforts have been used for the sake of appreciation rather than veneration or worship.
  6. ISBN 1461660513
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Saints' Day is the centerpiece of an autumn triduum. In the carnival celebrations of All Hallows' Eve our ancestors used the most powerful weapon in the hoomans arsenal, the power of humor and ridicule to confront the power of death. The following day, in the commemoration of All Saints, we gave witness to the victory of incarnate goodness embodied in remarkable deeds and doers triumphing over the misantrhopy of darkness and devils. And in the commemoration of All Souls we proclaimed the hope of common mortality expressed in our aspirations and expectations of a shared eternity.
  7. ISBN 978-9004162303
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. The custom of visiting and cleaning the graves of one's ancestors is still practiced in Poland today on All Hallows (All Saints) Day, 1st November, part of a triduum in the Catholic Church of commemorations of the dead.
  8. ISBN 1565543467
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. The celebrations on the eve of All Saints, All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day (the three were referred to as Hallowmas) spread throughout Europe. From the British Isles to France to Poland and Italy, the religious remembrance of the ancestral dead became an annual celebration of major importance.
  9. ^ a b "The religious origins of Maltese traditional food". Aleteia. 6 December 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023. Take, for example, another November classic, għadam tal-mejtin: a layer of marzipan sandwiched between sweet pastry and topped with white sugar icing. Its name, literally "bones of the dead," is a (rather sweet) reminder of the beginning of Allhallowtide, the Christian liturgical season encompassing the triduum of All Saints Eve, All Saints Day, and All Souls Day, followed by the International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church (which is observed on the first Sunday of November) and the subsequent Remembrance Sunday (observed on the second Sunday in November).
  10. ^ a b "All Saints' Tide". Services and Prayers for the Season from All Saints to Candlemas. General Synod of the Church of England. Archived from the original on 5 August 2021. Retrieved 27 October 2015. For many twentieth-century Christians the All Saints-tide period is extended to include Remembrance Sunday. In the Calendar and Lectionary we have sought to make it easier to observe this without cutting across a developing lectionary pattern, and we have reprinted the form of service approved ecumenically for use on that day.
  11. ^ a b Dyroff, Denny (28 October 2022). "The spookiest weekend of the year". The Unionville Times. Archived from the original on 1 November 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2022. Allhallowtide is the Western Christian season encompassing the triduum of All Saints' Eve (Halloween), All Saints' Day (All Hallows') and All Souls' Day, as well as the International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church (observed on the first Sunday of November).
  12. ISBN 1420886800
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. Thus Pope Boniface IV created All Saints Day, known as "All Hallomas" in old English, which was celebrated on November 1. Since Samhain was the day before, it became known as "All Hallows Eve," the origin of the word, "Halloween." The Church furthered its control of All Hallows Eve in the year 1000 A.D. by designating November 2 as All Souls' Day, which was celebrated very similarly to Samhain, with bonfires, parades and costumes. Soon all three holidays became one celebration known as Hallowmas.
  13. ^ Rebekkah Hughes (29 October 2014). "Happy Hallowe'en Surrey!" (PDF). The Stag. University of Surrey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 June 2015. Retrieved 26 June 2015. Halloween or Hallowe'en, is the yearly celebration on October 31st that signifies the first day of Allhallowtide, being the time to remember the dead, including martyrs, saints and all faithful departed Christians.
  14. ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "All Saints, Festival of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 709.
  15. Oengus and the Martyrology of Tallaght
    prove that the early medieval churches [in Ireland] celebrated the feast of All Saints on 20 April
  16. ISBN 9788772893617
    . Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  17. ^ "Allhallowtide". Oxford English Dictionary. 2014. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  18. ISBN 9788186062258
    . Retrieved 9 April 2014. tide combining form denoting a time or season (usu attached to a church festival, as in Christmas-tide, Easter-tide)
  19. ^ Toone, William (1834). A Glossary and Etymological Dictionary. Bennett. p. 276. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
  20. ^
    ISBN 0811728668
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. November 1st. All Hallows' Day, or All Saints' Day. The word hallow was simply another word for saint. The feast was dedicated to all the truly holy people in the history of Christianity. The traditional color for this festival was white.
  21. ISBN 9780786489794
    . Other signs found in the catacombs include the anchor, a Christian symbol for hope and the dove, which is representative of true believers: those who are saved. Also within the complex are crypts, which are small underground churches that were decorated with religious paintings, statues, or other symbols. Many of them were originally also adorned with relics of saints or Christians martyrs, and some of them had tombs dug into the floors called formae that housed the remains of martyrs, saints, or other important Christians.
  22. ISBN 9780529065087
    . After the deaths of John and of Jesus, well-disposed persons request the bodies of the victims of Herod and of Pilate in turn to give them respectful burial (29; 15, 45-46).
  23. ^ Magazin für Ev.-Luth. Homiletik und Pastoraltheologie, Volume 43. Concordia Publishing House. 1919. p. 450. We also are told that, when the ungodly King Herod had beheaded John the Baptist, his disciples came and buried him. Also Stephen, the first Christian martyr, was given a Christian burial by his fellow-Christians after he had been stoned to death by a mob.
  24. ^ Smith, William; Wace, Henry (1880). A Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects and Doctrines. J. Murray. p. 139. He also wrote on Repentance, on the Dead, and on Martyrs.
  25. ISBN 9780879739218
    . Honoring the Dead by St. John Chrysostom: Will you honor the dead? ... Let us help and commemorate them. If Job's sons were purified by their Father's sacrifice, why would we doubt that our offerings for the dead bring them some consolation? Let us not hesitate to help those who have died and to offer our prayers for them.
  26. ^ Heuser, Herman Joseph (1934). The American Ecclesiastical Review. Catholic University of America Press. p. 465. Retrieved 28 October 2015. Apart from Sunday, early Christianity celebrated feast days. Their origin may be seen in the celebration of the anniversaries of the martyrs. In the beginning feast days were purely local observances. The earliest evidence of such anniversaries is found in a letter of the Church of Smyrna, telling of the martyrdom of its bishop, St. Polycarp. Soon this custom of celebrating a martyr's anniversary became a permanent institution.
  27. ISBN 9781902210575
    . Many ancient churches were built over early Christian meetings places and sites of martyrdom, and the city abounds with artifacts, representatives and images of the early Christian period. --Amanda Claridge, author of Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide
  28. ^ Frances Stewart Mossier (1901). Hallowe'en: The Myrtle, Volume 56. A.L. Freeman. p. 175.
  29. ISBN 978-0199596607
    . Retrieved 30 October 2014.
  30. ^ Raynor, Shane (2 October 2015). "Redeeming Halloween by rediscovering Allhallowtide". Ministry Matters. United Methodist Publishing House. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2023. Halloween and All Saints' Day are followed on November 2 by a third, lesser known day: All Souls Day. The combined three-day observance is called Allhallowtide.
  31. ^ Olcott, William Tyler (1911). Star Lore of All Ages. The Knickerbocker Press. p. 413.
  32. ^ The Month, Volume 150. University of California Press. p. 502. Retrieved 26 January 2016. Allhallowtide, i-e., the octave of All Saints.
  33. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8006-0392-2
    . Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  34. ^ Eisenhofer, Ludwig; Lechner, Josef (1961). The Liturgy of the Roman rite. Verlag Herder. p. 239. Retrieved 27 January 2016. On March 23, 1955, a decree of the S.C.R. abolished all octaves except those of Christmas, Easter and Whitsun.
  35. ^ Clarke, William Kemp Lowther (1941). Saints' Days as observed by the Churches of the Anglican Communion. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. p. 83. The festival of All Saints is kept by many churches with an octave.
  36. ^ Colacicco, Gerardo J. (1 November 2015). "All Saints and All Souls" (PDF). The Roman Catholic Parish of St. Joseph-Immaculate Conception. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
  37. ^ "International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church". Christianity Today. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 17 October 2019. In Africa, North Korea, China, India, the Philippines, and other nations, Christians face worship restrictions, public humiliation, and social isolation. Many encounter violence; some face death. Church buildings are burned and vandalized. The International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church is charged with raising awareness of such circumstances and lifting the most pressing instances of global persecution up in prayer. Held annually in mid-November, traditionally a month devoted to remembering the saints and martyrs of the church, the event is supported by prominent evangelical and humanitarian organizations including the World Evangelical Alliance, Open Doors, and International Christian Concern.
  38. ^ Henry-Crowe, Susan (1 November 2018). "International Day of Prayer for the Persecuted Church". General Board of Church and Society. Archived from the original on 17 October 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2019.
  39. ISBN 0898692113
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Hallows' Eve. The evening of Oct. 31, which precedes the church's celebration of All Saints' Day on Nov. 1.
  40. ISBN 1605069493
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. The term Halloween (and its alternative rendering Hallowe'en) is shortened from All-hallow-even, as it is the eve of "All Hallows' Day", which is now also known as All Saints' Day.
  41. ^
    ISSN 0012-9011
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. Later, in AD 1000, the church declared Nov. 2 as All Souls Day and the three days collectively are called Hallowmas.
  42. ^ "BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Hallows' Eve". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. It is widely believed that many Hallowe'en traditions have evolved from an ancient Celtic festival called Samhain which was Christianised by the early Church. Pronounced sow-in, Samhain is a Gaelic word meaning 'end of the summer'. This festival is believed to have been a celebration of the end of the harvest, and a time of preparation for the coming winter. It is widely accepted that the early church missionaries chose to hold a festival at this time of year in order to absorb existing native Pagan practices into Christianity, thereby smoothing the conversion process.
  43. ISBN 0195168968
    . Retrieved 31 October 2011. Halloween and the Day of the Dead share a common origin in the Christian commemoration of the dead on All Saints' and All Souls' Day. But both are thought to embody strong pre-Christian beliefs. In the case of Halloween, the Celtic celebration of Samhain is critical to its pagan legacy, a claim that has been foregrounded in recent years by both new-age enthusiasts and the evangelical Right.
  44. ^ "BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Hallows' Eve". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. The Oxford Dictionary of World Religions also claims that Hallowe'en "absorbed and adopted the Celtic new year festival, the eve and day of Samhain". However, there are supporters of the view that Hallowe'en, as the eve of All Saints' Day, originated entirely independently of Samhain and some question the existence of a specific pan-Celtic religious festival which took place on 31st October/1st November.
  45. ^ Moser, Stefan (29 October 2010). "Kein 'Trick or Treat' bei Salzburgs Kelten" (in German). Salzburger Nachrichten. Archived from the original on 17 March 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2017. Die Kelten haben gar nichts mit Halloween zu tun", entkräftet Stefan Moser, Direktor des Keltenmuseums Hallein, einen weit verbreiteten Mythos. Moser sieht die Ursprünge von Halloween insgesamt in einem christlichen Brauch, nicht in einem keltischen.
  46. ^ Döring, Alois; Bolinius, Erich (31 October 2006), Samhain – Halloween – Allerheiligen (in German), FDP Emden, Die lückenhaften religionsgeschichtlichen Überlieferungen, die auf die Neuzeit begrenzte historische Dimension der Halloween-Kultausprägung, vor allem auch die Halloween-Metaphorik legen nahe, daß wir umdenken müssen: Halloween geht nicht auf das heidnische Samhain zurück, sondern steht in Bezug zum christlichen Totengedenkfest Allerheiligen/ Allerseelen.
  47. ISBN 978-3825888893
    . Der Wunsch nach einer Tradition, deren Anfänge sich in grauer Vorzeit verlieren, ist bei Dachleuten wie laien gleichmäßig verbreitet. ... Abgesehen von Irrtümern wie die Herleitung des Fests in ungebrochener Tradition ("seit 2000 Jahren") ist eine mangelnde vertrautheit mit der heimischen Folklore festzustellen. Allerheiligen war lange vor der Halloween invasion ein wichtiger Brauchtermin und ist das ncoh heute. ... So wie viele heimische Bräuche generell als fruchtbarkeitsbringend und dämonenaustreibend interpretiert werden, was trottz aller Aufklärungsarbeit nicht auszurotten ist, begegnet uns Halloween als ...heidnisches Fest. Aber es wird nicht als solches inszeniert.
  48. ^ Döring, Dr. Volkskundler Alois (2011). "Süßes, Saures – olle Kamellen? Ist Halloween schon wieder out?" (in German). Westdeutscher Rundfunk. Archived from the original on 14 June 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2015. Dr. Alois Döring ist wissenschaftlicher Referent für Volkskunde beim LVR-Institut für Landeskunde und Regionalgeschichte Bonn. Er schrieb zahlreiche Bücher über Bräuche im Rheinland, darunter das Nachschlagewerk "Rheinische Bräuche durch das Jahr". Darin widerspricht Döring der These, Halloween sei ursprünglich ein keltisch-heidnisches Totenfest. Vielmehr stamme Halloween von den britischen Inseln, der Begriff leite sich ab von "All Hallows eve", Abend vor Allerheiligen. Irische Einwanderer hätten das Fest nach Amerika gebracht, so Döring, von wo aus es als "amerikanischer" Brauch nach Europa zurückkehrte.
  49. ISBN 1578591511
    . The famous magician Harry Houdini promised to communicate from the place of the dead if at all possible; after years of seances, usually held at Halloween-traditionally said to be the time when the veil between this world and the next is stretched the thinnest-his wife finally gave up in despair.
  50. ISBN 978-1604975963
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. It was traditionally believed that the souls of the departed wandered the earth until All Saints' Day, and All Hallow's Eve provided one last chance for the dead to gain vengeance on their enemies before moving to the next world. In order to avoid being recognized by any soul that might be seeking such vengeance, people would don masks or costumes to disguise their identities. Today most North American and British children perpetuate the custom by dressing in costume and going door to door in search of treats.
  51. ISBN 1565543467
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. Polish Catholics taught their children to pray out loud as they walked through the woods so that the souls of the dead could hear them and be comforted. Priests in tiny Spanish villages still ring their church bells to remind parishioners to honor the dead on All Hallows Eve.
  52. ^ "BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Hallows' Eve". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. Archived from the original on 3 November 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. All Hallows' Eve falls on 31st October each year, and is the day before All Hallows' Day, also known as All Saints' Day in the Christian calendar. The Church traditionally held a vigil on All Hallows' Eve when worshippers would prepare themselves with prayers and fasting prior to the feast day itself.
  53. ^ Dr. Andrew James Harvey (31 October 2012). "'All Hallows' Eve'". The Patriot Post. Archived from the original on 21 April 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2011. "The vigil of the hallows" refers to the prayer service the evening before the celebration of All Hallows or Saints Day. Or "Halloween" for short -- a fixture on the liturgical calendar of the Christian West since the seventh century.
  54. ^ "Vigil of All Saints". Catholic News Agency. 31 October 2012. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2011. The Vigil is based on the monastic office of Vigils (or Matins), when the monks would arise in the middle of the night to pray. On major feast days, they would have an extended service of readings (scriptural, patristic, and from lives of the saints) in addition to chanting the psalms. This all would be done in the dark, of course, and was an opportunity to listen carefully to the Word of God as well as the words of the Church Fathers and great saints. The Vigil of All Saints is an adaptation of this ancient practice, using the canonical office of Compline at the end.
  55. ^ "Night of Light Beginnings". Cor et Lumen Christi Community. Archived from the original on 23 October 2013. Retrieved 2 November 2012. In its first year - 2000 AD - over 1000 people participated from several countries. This included special All Saints Vigil masses, extended periods of Adoration of the Blessed Sacrament and parties for children. In our second year 10,000 participated. Since these modest beginnings, the Night of Light has been adopted in many countries around the world with vast numbers involved each year from a Cathedral in India to a convent in New Zealand; from Churches in the USA and Europe to Africa; in Schools, churches, homes and church halls all ages have got involved. Although it began in the Catholic Church it has been taken up be other Christians who while keeping its essentials have adapted it to suit their own traditions.
  56. ^ "Here's to the Soulcakers going about their mysterious mummery". The Telegraph. 6 November 2010. Archived from the original on 3 April 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2012. One that has grown over the past decade is the so-called Night of Light, on All Hallows' Eve, October 31. It was invented in 2000, in leafy Chertsey, Surrey, when perhaps 1,000 people took part. Now it is a worldwide movement, popular in Africa and the United States. The heart of the Night of Light is an all-night vigil of prayer, but there is room for children's fun too: sweets, perhaps a bonfire and dressing up as St George or St Lucy. The minimum gesture is to put a lighted candle in the window, which is in itself too exciting for some proponents of health and safety. The inventor of the Night of Light is Damian Stayne, the founder of a year-round religious community called Cor et Lumen Christi – heart and light of Christ. This new movement is Catholic, orthodox and charismatic – emphasising the work of the Holy Spirit.
  57. ISBN 0898692113
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. The BOS notes that "suitable festivities and entertainments" may precede of follow the service, and there may be a visit to a cemetery or burial place.
  58. ISBN 978-0976051244
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. My folks are Polish and they celebrate Halloween in a different way. It is time to remember your dead and visit the cemetery and graves of your loved ones.
  59. ^ a b c "BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. All Saints' Day (also known as All Hallows' Day or Hallowmas) is the day after All Hallows' Eve (Hallowe'en). It is a feast day celebrated on 1st November by Anglicans and Roman Catholics. It is an opportunity for believers to remember all saints and martyrs, known and unknown, throughout Christian history. As part of this day of obligation, believers are required to attend church and try not to do any servile work.
  60. ^
    ISBN 0898692113
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Saints' Day. Commemorates all saints, known and unknown, on Nov. 1. All Saints' Day is one of the seven principal feasts of the church year, and one of the four days recommended for the administration of baptism. All Saints' day may also be celebrated on the Sunday following Nov. 1.
  61. ^
    ISBN 0806523662
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Saints' Day is a universal Christian holy day to honor all saints—known and unknown—on November 1.
  62. ISBN 978-1598842067
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. For Catholics, All Saints Day is a day of obligation, meaning that the faithful should attend a Mass and refrain from activities that distract from the atmosphere of worship. After the Reformation, Anglicans and Lutherans continued to observe All Saints Day, but it was discarded by the churches in the Reformed church tradition such as the Presbyterians It has regained some prominence in the atmosphere of the 20th-century ecumenical movements, but is often shifted to the Sunday nearest to November 1.
  63. ISBN 0664502180
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. The color is white, symbolic of victory and life.
  64. ISBN 1601360002
    . Retrieved 2 November 2012. The feast commemorates all the blessed in heaven, but is especially designed to honour the blessed who have not been canonized and who have no special feast day.
  65. ^
    ISBN 978-1905780532
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. In Spain, the 1st November is a public holiday so shops and banks will be closed. People will use it as a day to visit cemeteries to honour the dead. There is often a Mass, held in the local cemetery, which may include silent processions. people take flowers to the cemeteries.
  66. ISBN 1603540172
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. On All Saints' Day, November first, cemeteries throughout the State are turned into flower gardens as tombs and graves are bedecked with bouquets and wreaths. The chrysanthemum is the favorite flower. In the Cajun parishes the evening assumes an eerie aspect as hundreds of candles are lighted in the graveyards.
  67. ISBN 978-0062098542
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Saints' Day is a Holy Day of Obligation, meaning that the faithful are obliged to participate in a Mass.
  68. The United Methodist Church. Archived from the original
    on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012. We also recognize and celebrate All Saints' Day (Nov. 1) and "all the saints who from their labors rest." All Saints' Day is a time to remember Christians of every time and place, honoring those who lived faithfully and shared their faith with us. On All Saints' Day, many churches read the names of their members who died in the past year.
  69. ^
    ISBN 0898692113
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Faithful Departed, Commemoration of. This optional observance is an extension of All Saints' Day. While All Saints' is to remember all the saints, popular piety felt the need to distinguish between outstanding saints and those who are unknown in the wider fellowship of the church, especially family members and friends. It is also known as All Souls' Day. Many churches now commemorate all the faithful departed in the context of the All Saints' Day celebration.
  70. ISBN 0195156692
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. In recent practice, All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day have become conflated, and many Christians remember all of the dead souls or "saints" on All Saints' Day.
  71. ^
    ISBN 0806523662
    . Retrieved 1 November 2012. All Souls' Day is said to have its origins in an ancient festival of the dead and was spread through Europe by St. Odilo of France in the eleventh century. It was celebrated on November 2 with masses and celebrations in honor of the dead. It is a time when families fondly remember their deceased members and pray for their souls. Many people also visit their loved ones' graves bearing flowers.
  72. ^ a b "BBC - Religions - Christianity: All Saints' Day and All Souls' Day". British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 2010. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 1 November 2011. A 7/8th century AD prayer The Office of the Dead is read out in churches on All Souls' Day. Other rituals include the offering of Requiem Mass for the dead, visiting family graves and reflecting on lost loved ones.
  73. ^ a b Hackwood, Frederick William (1902). Christ lore: being the legends, traditions, myths, symbols, customs and superstitions of the Christian Church. Young Churchman. p. 252. Retrieved 2 November 2012. But bands of children, or of poor men, went round to the houses of the well-to-do on Souling Day, as they called it, begging money, apples, ale, or doles of cake. In some parts specially baked cakes were prepared in readiness to give away; they were called soul-cakes. The begging was performed by the aid of quaint ditties.
  74. ^ Walford, Edward (1883). The Antiquarian Magazine & Bibliographer, Volume 4. William Reeves and T. Fisher Unwin. p. 54. Retrieved 2 November 2012. There is another old rhyme or saying, 'A soule-cake, a soule-cake, have mercy on all Christians souls for a soule-cake.'
  75. ISBN 0521841534
    . Retrieved 2 November 2012. All Souls was one of the busiest days of the year for lay confraternities and private chantries who provided for the dead. In France, for example, the burial fraternities were especially active in decorating the churchyard, and everywhere priests led a procession around the graveyard and blessed the graves.;I

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