Allocasuarina
Allocasuarina | |
---|---|
Allocasuarina decaisneana in Central Australia | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Casuarinaceae |
Genus: | Allocasuarina L.A.S.Johnson[1] |
Type species | |
Allocasuarina torulosa (Aiton) L.A.S.Johnson[2][3] | |
Species | |
61 species; see text. |
Allocasuarina, commonly known as sheoak
The genera Allocasuarina and Casuarina are similar, and many formerly in the latter now included in Allocasuarina.
Description
Plants in the genus Allocasuarina are trees or shrubs with soft, pendulous, green branchlets, the leaves reduced to 4 to 14 scale-like teeth arranged around in whorls around ribbed, jointed branchlets. Allocasuarinas have separate male and female flowers, sometimes on one plant (monoecious), otherwise on separate male and female plants, (dioecious). Male flowers are arranged in spikes along branchlets that are usually different from the vegetative branchlets. Female flowers are in spikes on short side-branches, the female spikes later developing into cone-like structures enclosing winged seeds known as samaras.[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
The genera Allocasuarina and Casuarina are similar, many formerly in the latter now included in Allocasuarina. There are 6 to 20 scale-like teeth in each whorl of casuarina leaves and the samaras are grey or yellowish-brown, the bracteoles of the fruiting cones thin, woody and extend well beyond the cone body. There are 4 to 14 scale-like teeth in each whorl of Allocasuarina leaves and the samaras are reddish-brown to black, the bracteoles thickly woody and extend only slightly beyond the cone body.[9]
Taxonomy
The genus Allocasuarina was first formally described in 1982 by
List of species
The following is a list of Allocasuarina accepted by the Australian Plant Census and Plants of the World Online as of April 2023:[12][13]
- L.A.S.Johnson(W.A.)
- Allocasuarina acutivalvis (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina anfractuosa Wege & S.R.Barrett (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina brachystachya L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina campestris (Diels) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina corniculata (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina crassa L.A.S.Johnson – Cape Pillar sheoak (Tas.)
- Allocasuarina decaisneana (F.Muell.) L.A.S.Johnson – desert oak, desert sheoak (N.T., W.A., S.A.)
- Benth.) L.A.S.Johnson – karri oak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina defungens L.A.S.Johnson – dwarf heath casuarina (N.S.W.)
- C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson – northern sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina diminuta L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W.)
- Vent.) L.A.S.Johnson – scrub she-oak (N.S.W.)
- Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina duncanii L.A.S.Johnson & D.I.Morris – Duncan's sheoak, conical sheoak (Tas.)
- Allocasuarina eriochlamys (L.A.S.Johnson) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina fibrosa (C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson – woolly sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina filidens L.A.S.Johnson – Mount Beerwah sheoak (Qld.)
- Allocasuarina fraseriana (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – western sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina glareicola L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina globosa L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina grampiana L.A.S.Johnson – Grampians sheoak (Vic.)
- Allocasuarina grevilleoides (Diels) L.A.S.Johnson
- Allocasuarina gymnanthera L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina helmsii (Ewart & M. Gordon) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A., S.A.)
- Allocasuarina huegeliana (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – rock sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina humilis (Otto & A.Dietr.) L.A.S.Johnson – dwarf sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina hystricosa Wege (W.A.)
- F.M.Bailey) L.A.S.Johnson – stringybark she-oak (Qld., N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina lehmanniana (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – dune sheoak (W.A.)
- Salisb.) L.A.S.Johnson – black sheoak (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.)
- R.T.Baker) L.A.S.Johnson – bull-oak, buloke (Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., TAS.)
- Allocasuarina mackliniana L.A.S.Johnson (Vic., S.A.)
- Allocasuarina media L.A.S.Johnson (Vic.)
- Allocasuarina microstachya (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina misera L.A.S.Johnson (Vic.)
- Allocasuarina monilifera (L.A.S.Johnson) L.A.S.Johnson – necklace sheoak (Tas.)
- Allocasuarina muelleriana (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – slaty sheoak (S.A., Vic.)
- Spreng.) L.A.S.Johnson – dwarf she-oak, stunted sheoak (N.S.W., Vic.)
- Allocasuarina ophiolitica L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina paludosa (Sieber ex Spreng.) L.A.S.Johnson – swamp she-oak, scrub sheoak (N.S.W., Vic., S.A., Tas.)
- Allocasuarina paradoxa (Macklin) L.A.S.Johnson (Vic.)
- Allocasuarina pinaster (C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson – compass bush (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina portuensis L.A.S.Johnson – Nielsen Park she-oak (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina pusilla (Macklin) L.A.S.Johnson – heath oak-bush, dwarf sheoak (Vic, S.A.)
- Allocasuarina ramosissima (C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina rigida (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Allocasuarina robusta (Macklin) L.A.S.Johnson – Mount Compass oak-bush (S.A.)
- Allocasuarina rupicola L.A.S.Johnson – shrubby she-oak (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Allocasuarina scleroclada (L.A.S.Johnson) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina simulans L.A.S.Johnson – Nabiac casuarina (N.S.W.)
- Allocasuarina spinosissima (C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina striata (Macklin) L.A.S.Johnson – small bull oak, stalked oak-bush, tall oak-bush (S.A.)
- Allocasuarina tessellata (C.A.Gardner) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina thalassoscopica L.A.S.Johnson (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Allocasuarina thuyoides (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson – horned she-oak (W.A.)
- E.M.Benn.– twisted sheoak (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina torulosa (Aiton) L.A.S.Johnson – forest oak, rose sheoak, river oak, Baker's oak (N.S.W., Qld.)
- Allocasuarina trichodon (Miq.) L.A.S.Johnson (W.A.)
- Allocasuarina verticillata (Lam.) L.A.S.Johnson – drooping sheoak (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., S.A., Tas.)
- Allocasuarina zephyrea L.A.S.Johnson (Tas.)
Distribution and habitat
Plants in the genus Allocasuarina usually grow in nutrient-deficient soils and are endemic to southern Australia, but 4 species occur in north-eastern Queensland, and one in the north of Western Australia.[7]
References
- ^ "Allocasuarina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ a b "Allocasuarina". APNI. Retrieved 20 April 2023.
- ^ a b c Johnson, Lawrence A. (1982). "Note on Casuarinaceae II". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 6 (1): 73–79. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
- ^ a b "Allocasuarina" (PDF). Wildflower Society of Western Australia (Inc.), Perth Branch. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ Entwisle, Timothy J.; Stajsic, Val. "Allocasuarina". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ a b Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. George, Alex S. (ed.). "Allocasuarina". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ "Allocasuarina". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ a b Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. Wilson, Karen L. (ed.). "Family Casuarinaceae". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ISBN 9780958034180.
- ^ William T. Stearn (1992). Botanical Latin. History, grammar, syntax, terminology and vocabulary (4th ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 367.
- ^ "Allocasuarina". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
- ^ "Allocasuarina". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
External links
- Kirkpatrick, Jamie (August 2000). "She-Oak Woodland & Forest". Bushcare Technical Extension (Tasmania). Archived from the original on 2004-06-16.
- "Allocasuarina L.A.S.Johnson". Atlas of Living Australia.
- Research team from IRD working on Casuarinaceae