Colombian red howler
Colombian red howler [1] | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Primates |
Suborder: | Haplorhini |
Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
Family: | Atelidae |
Genus: | Alouatta |
Species: | A. seniculus
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Binomial name | |
Alouatta seniculus | |
Colombia red howler range | |
Synonyms | |
Simia seniculus Linnaeus, 1766 |
The Colombian red howler or Venezuelan red howler (Alouatta seniculus) is a
Description
Sexual dimorphism in this species is small; males range from 49 to 72 cm and females from 46 to 57 cm long.[6] The males weigh 5.4-9 kg, while females weigh 4.2–7 kg.[6] It has a long prehensile tail of 49–75 cm.[6] The tail is covered with fur except for the last third of the underside, which allows it to grab branches. The color of both males and females is a deep reddish-brown, and the color shade changes with age.[6] Their faces are surrounded by fur and they have stubby noses.
The jawbone of the red howler monkey is large, especially the body of the mandible. The position of the foramen magnum is very posterior to make way for the expanded jaw and enlarged hyoid bone. Howler monkeys also have an inflated bulla, which is the bony encasement of the middle ear. This makes them an exception among other New World monkeys.
The
Social interactions
It lives in groups of three to 9 individuals (usually five to seven).
Diet and dentition
A. seniculus monkeys are
Like other New World monkeys, the Venezuelan red howler's dental formula (maxilla and mandible) is two incisors, one canine, three premolars, and three molars.
Reproduction
The fierce
Subspecies
Traditionally, three subspecies of this howler are listed,[1] though Stanyon et al. (1995) concluded the number of chromosomal differences between A. s. sara and A. s. arctoidea (which resulted in A. s. sara being a considered a full species) was on a similar scale to that found between A. s. sara and A. s. seniculus by Minezawa et al. (1986).[3]
- Colombian red howler, Alouatta seniculus seniculus
- Ursine howler, A. s. arctoidea
- Juruá red howler, A. s. juara
A. s. juara has been described as a different species
References
- ^ OCLC 62265494.
- . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ . Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ Minezawa, M.; Harada, M.; Jordan, O. C. & Valdivia Borda, C. J. (1986). "Cytogenetics of the Bolivian endemic red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus sara): accessory chromosomes and Y-autosome translocation related numerical variations". Kyoto University Overseas Research Reports of New World Monkeys. 5: 7–16.
- S2CID 88879588.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Normile, R. V. (2001). "Alouatta seniculus information". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2008-07-30.
- ^ Louise Emmons & Francois Feer (1997). Neotropical Rainforest Mammals.
- .
Further reading
- Heatwole, Alan M.. Monkeys and Apes. 1st. New York: Gallery Books, 1990.