Alparslan Türkeş
Alparslan Türkeş | |
---|---|
Member of the Grand National Assembly | |
In office 10 October 1991 – 24 December 1995 | |
Constituency | Yozgat (1991) |
In office 10 October 1965 – 12 September 1980 | |
Constituency | Ankara (1965) Adana (1969, 1973, 1977) |
Personal details | |
Born | Hüseyin Feyzullah British Cyprus |
Died | 4 April 1997 Ankara, Turkey | (aged 79)
Political party | CKMP (1965–1969) MHP (1969–1980), (1993-1997) MÇP (1987–1993) |
Spouses | Muzaffer Hanım
(m. 1940; died 1974)Seval Hanım (m. 1976) |
Children | 7, including Turkish Army |
Years of service | 1933–1963 |
Rank | Colonel |
Alparslan Türkeş[a] (Turkish pronunciation: [alˈpaɾsɫan tyɾˈceʃ]; 25 November 1917 – 4 April 1997) was a Turkish politician, who was the founder and president of the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP) and the Grey Wolves (Ülkü Ocakları). He ran the Grey Wolves training camps from 1968 to 1978. More than 600 people are said to have fallen victim of political murders by the Grey Wolves between 1968 and 1980.[5] He represented the far-right of the Turkish political spectrum. He was and still is called Başbuğ ("Leader") by his devotees.[6]
Early life
Türkeş was born in
Racism-Turanism trials
Along with other nationalists like Nihal Atsız and Nejdet Sançar,[16] Türkeş was court-martialed on charges of "fascist and racist activities" in 1945.[17] He spent 10 months in prison before he was released the same year. The charges were eventually dismissed in 1947.[16] The trial would become known as the Racism-Turanism trials.[18]
Political career
He attained fame as the spokesman of the
Türkeş served as
Ideology
Through the far-right MHP, Türkeş took the rightist views of his predecessors like
He has been the spiritual leader of the Idealism Schools Foundation of Culture and Art (Turkish: Ülkü Ocakları Kültür ve Sanat Vakfı). His followers consider him to be one of the leading icons of the Turkish nationalist movement.
International politics
The wellbeing of the greater Turkish nation living in a so called Turan, which according to him included Turks wherever they lived, be it in Greece, Cyprus or elsewhere, was key concern of his political views.[31] On 28 April 1978 he was received by Franz Josef Strauss, former minister for defense and finance in Germany and acting president of the CSU party.[32][33] In 1992, Alparslan Türkeş visited Baku to support Abulfaz Elchibey during the Azerbaijan presidential election. He also had a meeting with Levon Ter-Petrosyan, the President of Armenia in the 1990s.[34]
Personal life
Türkeş was married twice and had seven children.[35] He married Muzaffer Hanım in 1940 and had four daughters (Ayzit, Umay, Selcen and Çağrı) and one son (Tuğrul) with her. Their marriage lasted until his wife's death in 1974. By 1976 Türkeş married Seval Hanım and had one daughter (Ayyüce) and one son (Ahmet Kutalmış).[36]
Türkeş died of a heart attack at the age of 80 on 4 April 1997.[35][37] The announcement of his death was delayed for five hours while nationwide security measures were implemented; thereafter, thousands of his supporters went to the Bayindir Hospital chanting "Leaders never die".[38] His funeral was held in Kocatepe Mosque in Ankara.[38]
Türkeş's youngest son, Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş, is a member of the Justice and Development Party and was elected as an Istanbul deputy in 2011. However, he resigned several days before the June 2015 elections, protesting the party's plans to transform the parliamentary system into a presidential one.[39][40]
In 2015, Türkeş's eldest son,
Legacy
Türkeş was a key figure in shaping Turkish nationalism and reviving Pan-Turkism from the 1940s onwards. Soon after his death in 1997, Turkish President Süleyman Demirel stated that his passing had been a "great loss to the political life of Turkey". Similarly, Turkey's first female Prime Minister Tansu Çiller described him as a "historic individual".[38]
Controversies
When he died, it was revealed that he had embezzled 2 trillion lira from the European Turkish Federation. The pan-Turkist group had created a secret slush fund to support the Second Chechen War and help Abulfaz Elchibey succeed in Azerbaijan.[44] The money was formerly administered by Enver Altaylı, who had been part of the Azerbaijan coup plot. His daughters, Ayzıt and Umay Günay, quarreled over who was the rightful owner despite the fact that it was neither of them.[45] The two appeared before the Ankara 7th High Penal Court for fraud. The indictment said that Türkeş' account in a U.K. branch of the Deutsche Bank held 575,000 DM, US$845,000, and 367,000 GBP.[46] The court concluded that Ayzıt had withdrawn 200,000 GBP while Umay Günay had withdrawn 42,000 GBP.[47] Ayzıt said that she had been living in the UK since 1975, and that her father opened the account in 1988, giving her complete access to it. She said that her father had instructed her to fulfill his financial obligations in support of "the cause of Turkishness" upon his death by making certain payments.[48] Türkeş' second wife, Seval, refuted Ayzıt's claim that she had not kept the money to herself. Seval claims that she and her sons' Ayyüce and Ahmet Kutalmış share of the withdrawn 242,000 GBP is 112,355 GBP.[47]
The MHP's chairman, Devlet Bahçeli, instructed his deputies to keep mum, fearing that the scandal could lead to the dissolution of the party.[49]
The case was closed due to the statute of limitations.[50]
Works
- Ülkücülük; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1995.
- 12 Eylül Adaleti (!) : Savunma; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1994.
- 1944 Milliyetçilik Olayı; Hamle Yayınevi;
- Türkeş'li Yıllar; Hasan Sami BOLAK
- Modern Türkiye; İstanbul.
- Milliyetçilik Olayları; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
- 27 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
- 27 Mayıs, 13 Kasım, 21 Mayıs ve Gerçekler; İstanbul, 1996.
- Ahlakçılık; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
- Etik (Ahlak Felsefesi), Etik.; Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Kamer Yayınları.
- Türk Edebiyatında Anılar, İncelemeler, Tenkidler, Anı-Günce-Mektup; İstanbul, 1994.
- Bunalımdan Çıkış Yolu; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.
- Dış Meselemiz; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
- İlimcilik; Berikan Elektronik Basım Yayım.
- Kahramanlık Ruhu; İstanbul, 1996.
- Temel Görüşler; Kamer Yayınları.
- Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1994.
- Türkiye'nin Meseleleri; Hamle Yayınevi; İstanbul, 1996.
- Yeni Ufuklara Doğru; Kamer Yayınları.
- Sistemler ve Öğretiler; İstanbul, 1995
Notes
- nom de guerre he took as an official name after 1934. His former name is a subject of debate. His official biography cites Ali Arslan,[2] while other sources claim Hüseyin Feyzullah.[3][4] His close friends and old acquaintances called him Albay ("Colonel").[citation needed]
References
- ISBN 9783525369227.
- ^ "BAŞBUĞ Alparslan TÜRKEŞ". Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi. Archived from the original on 3 July 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ Muradoğlu, Abdullah (16 August 2003). "Türkeş'in Gizli Dünyası". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 19 August 2008. Retrieved 14 August 2008.
- Turkish Daily News. Hürriyet. Archived from the originalon 9 July 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
- ^ a b "Auslandsbezogener Extremismus". BundesamtfuerVerfassungsschutz (in German). 1 September 2023. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
- ^ Başbuğ Alparslan Türkeş'i Anma Etkinlikleri (in Turkish)
- ISBN 1860649580.
- ISBN 978-0230115521.
- ISBN 0857719017.
- ISBN 9783525369227.
- ^ "Türk Dünyasının Bilge Lideri Türk Milliyetçiliğinin Kurucusu Başbuğ Alparslan TÜRKEŞ'in Hayatı".
- ^ ISBN 1850657521.
- ISBN 978-6055965808.
- ^ Göçek, Fatma Müge. The Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present, and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789-2009. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, p. 598, note 71.
- ISBN 978-90-04-04016-8.
- ^ a b c d e "PROFILE - Turkish nationalist leader commemorated 23 years on". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ^ Özkırımlı, Umut and Spyros A. Sofos, Tormented by history, (Columbia University Press, 2008), 138.
- S2CID 159678425.
- ISSN 1773-0546.
- ISBN 9780230277397.
- ^ a b Lucy Komisar, Turkey's terrorists: a CIA legacy lives on, The Progressive, April 1997
- ^ Landau, Jacob M. (1974). Radical Politics in Modern Turkey. E.J. Brill. p. 207.
- ^ Landau, Jacob M. (1974). Radical Politics in Modern Turkey. E.J. Brill. p. 208.
- ^ Landau, Jacob M. (1974). Radical Politics in Modern Turkey. E.J. Brill. p. 209.
- ^ Ümit Hassan, Halil Berktay, Türkiye tarihi: Çağdaş Türkiye, 1908–1980, Cilt 4, Cem Yayınevi, 1987, p. 224.
- ISBN 978-9944-5966-8-8, p. 19.
- ^ Şafak, Yeni (28 May 2020). "Yozgat Seçim Sonuçları 1991 - Genel Seçim 1991". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 27 May 2020.
- ISBN 0905838572.
- ^ Alparslan Türkeş, Millî Doktrin Dokuz Işık, Genişletilmiş Birinci Baskı, Hamle Basın Yayın., İstanbul, s. 15.
- S2CID 241148959.
- ^ Landau, Jacob M. (1981), pp.150–151
- ^ "Dann kommt alles ins Rollen". Der Spiegel. 24 February 1980.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2018. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Çamlıbel, Cansu (27 December 2013). "Calling 1915 inhumane helps Turkey, Armenia". Hurriyet.
- ^ a b de Bellaigue, Christopher (22 October 2011). "Obituary: Alpaslan Turkes". The Independent. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "MHP hakkını aramadı". Sabah. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
- ^ "Alpaslan Turkes, Turkish Rightist, 80". The New York Times. 10 April 1997. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ a b c "Turkes dead, all eyes on his legacy". Hurriyet Daily News. 4 June 1997. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "AK Party deputy resigns in protest of presidential system plans". Today's Zaman. Retrieved 30 October 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "AKP deputy resigns over 'divisive' presidential system concerns". Hurriyet Daily News. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- ^ "Tuğrul Türkeş: Bu Türkiye'de ilk kez". Cumhuriyet. 21 September 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
- ^ "Türkeş visited TRNC". BRT. Retrieved 30 October 2015.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Deputy PM Türkeş: MHP becoming single-man party with Bahçeli". Daily Sabah. 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
- Turkish Daily News. Hürriyet. 13 February 2001. Archived from the originalon 26 July 2012. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ Sevinc, Şaban (12 February 2001). "Zimmete geçirdiler". Hürriyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ "AYZIT TÜRKEŞ: Babam, 'Kızım kimse parayı bilmesin' dedi". Milliyet. 22 June 2001. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ a b "Türkeş'in çocukları miras için davalık". Sabah (in Turkish). 22 April 2007. Archived from the original on 30 October 2019. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ "Ayzıt Türkeş: Vicdanım rahat". Güncel. Aksam (in Turkish). 22 June 2001. Archived from the original on 9 February 2005. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ Tahincioglu, Gokcer (13 February 2001). "Ayzıt'ın 'Hayır' işleri 'Türklük davası'ymış". Milliyet (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 December 2008.
- ^ "Zamanaşımına uğramıştı". Sabah (in Turkish). 22 April 2007. Retrieved 24 December 2008.
External links
- WMV) on 15 March 2009.
Category:Wikipedia categories named after heads of state