AlphaSmart

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
AlphaSmart, Inc.
FormerlyIntelligent Peripheral Devices, Inc.
Company typePublic
IndustryComputer
Founded1992; 32 years ago (1992) in Los Gatos, California
Founders
  • Joe Barrus
  • Ketan Kothari
Defunct2005; 19 years ago (2005)
FateAcquired by Renaissance Learning, Inc.
ProductsEducational portable computers

AlphaSmart, Inc., formerly Intelligent Peripheral Devices, Inc., was an education technology company founded by Apple Computer engineers Joe Barrus and Ketan Kothari, and Kothari's brother, Manish Kothari, in the early 1990s.[1] At the time of their initial release in 1993, the first AlphaSmart models were marketed as smart keyboards designed to promote writing in the classroom as an alternative to expensive computer labs. The units' durability, long battery life, and limited functionality made them ideal for K-12[further explanation needed] classrooms. Later models expanded functionality to spell-checking, running applications, and accessing wireless printers.

After their initial public offering in 2004, AlphaSmart, Inc. was quickly acquired by Renaissance Learning, Inc., in 2005. The last AlphaSmart branded device, named the Neo 2, was released by Renaissance Learning in 2007. 6 years later in late September 2013, production of all AlphaSmart branded devices was discontinued.[2] While AlphaSmart no longer exists as a brand, a cult following of distraction-free writers has kept a healthy secondhand market for Alphasmart devices alive to this day.[3]

In August 2022, Freewrite, a manufacturer of single purpose distraction-free writing tools such as the Hemingwrite and the Traveler, revived the alphasmart.com domain for the release of a product called the Freewrite Alpha.[4][5]

AlphaSmart Neo

Background

The AlphaSmart was a keyboarding device that enabled a person to work on the go, much like a

PS/2, or USB
port for transferring the written text into a computer's word processing document for further editing (such as indentation and font preference) or printing if so desired.

The AlphaSmart saved every keystroke directly to the machine's RAM, which was maintained by a battery backup even when powered down. AlphaSmarts could transfer data either by a special program that communicated with the AlphaSmart or by the simpler method of transmitting the keystrokes of the written text as if it were the computer's keyboard. When not transferring text, the AlphaSmart could be used as a standard keyboard.

AlphaSmarts were very popular in schools[citation needed] for their affordability and durability. Elementary schools and high schools used them; and they were particularly popular among special education departments for use by students with graphomotor challenges.[citation needed]

The machines were also popular among journalists and writers, who found them easy to carry and appreciated the full-size keyboard and long battery life.[6] AlphaSmarts continue to be popular with small groups of writers, despite attempts by other companies as early as 2014 to produce other low-distraction writing tools.[7]

Company

Intelligent Peripheral Devices, Inc.

Apple Computer engineers, Ketan Kothari[8] and Joe Barrus,[9][10] with the mission to "develop and market affordable, portable personal learning solutions for the classroom" and to "deliver affordable, lightweight, rugged portable computing devices that are expandable, easy to use and manage, and provide exceptional battery life." Shortly after its founding they were joined by Ketan's brother Manish.[11][12] Later, they changed the name of the company to AlphaSmart, Inc.[13][14][15]

Barrus and Kothari also hold a US patent on a "portable keyboard computer", applied for in 1992 and granted in 1995.[16]

AlphaSmart, Inc. completed its initial public offering (IPO) on the NASDAQ on February 6, 2004 and started trading under the symbol ALSM. In June 2005, it was acquired by Renaissance Learning (NASDAQ: RLRN). The name changed again in the Spring of 2009, this time to NEO Direct, Inc. They went on to release the Neo2[17] and 2Know Responder[18] hardware products.

AlphaSmart products

AlphaSmart

The original AlphaSmart computer companion was shipped in August 1993, and worked only with

nickel-cadmium battery
(NiCad) pack add-on that a customer could purchase separately.

The early AlphaSmart models included a couple of jokes, including a reference to The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. If, while using the calculator, the answer is 42, the words "The answer to Life, the Universe, and Everything" appear. Or, if the input was 1+1, the calculator would say, "That's too easy."

AlphaSmart Pro

AlphaSmart Pro

In February 1995, the AlphaSmart Pro was launched. This looked almost identical to the original but had a

PS/2 port as well as an ADB port, making it compatible with both Windows
PCs, as well as the Apple IIGS and Macintoshes. It was able to receive text from a computer through "Get Utility" software installed on a Mac or Windows PC, and was able to store up to 64 pages of text (128,000 bytes), holding 16 pages in the first file, 8 pages in files two through five, 6 in files six & seven, and 4 pages on file number eight. The original rechargeable NiCad battery pack could also be used in the Pro model.

AlphaSmart 2000

AlphaSmart 2000

In October 1997, AlphaSmart introduced the third generation of the AlphaSmart family, the AlphaSmart 2000. Along with a more ergonomic design, the case of the AlphaSmart 2000 was curvy and blue. New features added were spell-checking, direct printing (allowing a user to plug into a printer directly, bypassing a computer), auto-off power save, and a keyboarding timer. A year later, the company added infrared capability to the 2000, enabling users to transfer text to a computer or another AlphaSmart without a cable. This model needed 3 AA batteries, but could still use the original rechargeable NiCd battery pack. Like the AlphaSmart Pro, it had a 128 kB memory.

AlphaSmart 3000

AlphaSmart 3000

In January 2000, the AlphaSmart 3000 was released. The 3000 used the same chassis as the AlphaSmart 2000, but it was now encased in translucent bondi-blue plastic, matching Apple Computer's first generation iMac. This was meant to be a visual indication that the AlphaSmart 3000 was a USB native device, as many other USB devices were patterned using the iMac's design in the same way.

Designers removed the ADB and PS/2 ports, replacing them with a USB port and a mini-DIN-8

memory effect
of NiCd batteries. The AlphaSmart 3000 had the customary 8 files, each with a capacity of 12.5 pages (about 25 kilobytes), for a total of 100 pages altogether.

AlphaSmart announced the discontinuation of the AlphaSmart on April 30, 2006.[19]

Dana

Dana, Dana Wireless
SDIO
Power3.6V NiMH battery pack or
3 AA batteries or
mains power adapter
Dimensions1.9 in × 12.4 in × 9.3 in (4.8 cm × 31.5 cm × 23.6 cm)
Mass2.0 lb (0.91 kg)
PredecessorAlphaSmart 3000
SuccessorNeo

In June 2002,

Multimedia Card
formats. Dana runs nearly every Palm OS program for version 4.x or earlier.

The Dana's touch screen is extra-wide with a resolution of 560 x 160

pixels
. This is 3.5 times the normal width of Palm handheld PDAs. Some Palm OS programs can make use of the entire screen width, including the standard Palm OS apps Memo Pad, Datebook, Todo and Address Book. Those that cannot run inside a central 160 by 160 pixel window. The Dana's screen has a backlight and is capable of displaying complex graphics (though only in 4 bit grayscale), unlike the original AlphaSmart line. The screen can be used in either landscape mode or portrait mode, though there is no auto-detection of how the Dana is positioned; the user has to tap a menu selection to choose the mode. Larger size fonts and boldface fonts can be selected from within Alphawrite (see below) to compensate for the low-contrast screen display's being somewhat difficult to read.

The Dana's primary software is the built-in Alphawrite word processor. This is a licensed version of Wordsmith for Palm OS by Blue Nomad,[22] customized for the Dana's wider screen. Up to eight Alphawrite documents can be resident at one time, each instantly accessible via the Dana's eight function keys. Any number of Alphawrite documents are accessible via the File menu, up to the limit of the computer's memory. Also, it is a simple matter to switch between the Alphawrite documents and any of the four built-in apps native to Palm OS (Memo Pad, Datebook, Todo, Address Book).

The screen is physically taller than that of the original AlphaSmart products, and the Dana's casing is made from opaque dark-blue plastic—a change from the iMac-esque clear blue of the AlphaSmart 3000. It uses either a Ni-MH rechargeable battery or 3 AA batteries for up to 25 hours of usage. Its AC adapter is rated at 7.5 VDC, center negative, 1000 mA.

Danas produced near the end of its production run were modified because many users complained that their Danas were frequently turning themselves on when carried in a container, such as a backpack, depleting the battery charge. This was because the on-off switch was getting depressed and switching the device on. Version 1.5 of the Dana OS provided a way to require both the Enter and On/Off keys to power it up, making it less likely that both keys would be depressed accidentally. This is accessed through the system Keyboard App.

The Dana has an IrDA compatible infrared port for transferring (or "beaming") documents and files. This is a convenient way to back up files to another Dana or an IrDA equipped PC. Being a Palm OS computer, files may be transferred to or from a PC over the USB port using the Hotsync feature of the included Palm Desktop software. This is also how third-party programs are loaded into the Dana. Another use for the USB port is to trickle-charge a rechargeable battery pack, in lieu of the AC adapter.

Dana Wireless

One year later, in 2003,

SDIO support to the SD card slots. It used 3 AA batteries (standard or Ni-MH or Ni-Cad) for up to 20 hours of usage.[24][25]

Neo

The Neo model was introduced in August 2004 and could hold more than 200 pages of text. Its LCD was 50% larger than the AlphaSmart 3000's display. Unlike the 3000, it didn't use fixed blocks for each character and therefore, could display different font/point sizes, along with simple graphics. The Neo also ran a newer operating system that allowed for modular control of SmartApplets and a new version of AlphaWord (the word processing SmartApplet), which allowed dynamic file resizing. The CPU was a 33MHz DragonballVZ, which is a 68000-based processor made by Freescale/Motorola.[26] The Neo's chassis was a dark opaque shade of green with its form factor based on the Dana. It used the same optional NiMH battery pack as the AlphaSmart Dana. Initially, the Neo had several software bugs, such as a hard-to-see cursor and a text-stacking file corruption problem.

In 2007, the Neo 2 added several minor upgrades to the original Neo and was the first unit released after AlphaSmart was acquired by Renaissance Learning.[27][28][29] It added quiz functionality, using the 2Know! Toolbar, which was developed for the 2Know! Classroom Response System. Teachers could create, distribute, and score quizzes using the Neo 2. Neo 2 could also access Accelerated Reader quizzes and allow students to use network printers, when using the Renaissance Receiver accessory.[30]

Both the Neo and Neo 2 were discontinued by Renaissance Learning in late September 2013, although the company still offers support and software to existing users as of March 2014.[2]

References

  1. ^ Sloan, James. "AlphaSmart Providing a smart solution for one classroom-computing "job"" (PDF). Christensen Institute.
  2. ^ a b "NEO Direct - Perfect for All Writing Needs". NEO Direct, Inc. Archived from the original on 2013-11-14. Retrieved 8 June 2017. We have reached the end of our NEO 2 inventory, and we will no longer be producing any additional units — but this isn't goodbye.
  3. ^ Watters, Audrey (25 July 2015). "AlphaSmart: A History of One of Ed-Tech's Favorite (Drop-Kickable) Writing Tools". Hack Education. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  4. ^ Ingraham, Nathan (September 27, 2022). "Freewrite Alpha is the cheapest smart typewriter Astrohaus has made yet". Engadget. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  5. ^ Campbell, Ian Carlos (August 29, 2022). "Freewrite's new smart typewriter is a spiritual AlphaSmart successor". Input. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  6. ^ a b "AlphaSmart 2000, of Interest to Writers". Chin Chet Mooi.
  7. ^ Heater, Brian (28 October 2014). "The Hemingwrite, A Retro Word Processor Shaped Like a Typewriter With Cloud Backup and Google Docs Integration". Laughing Squid. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
  8. ^ James Sloan. AlphaSmart - an Education Case Study
  9. ^ "Outstanding Alumnus Award for 2009 - ee@byu 2010" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-05-11. Retrieved 2017-06-09.
  10. . Retrieved 9 June 2017 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Jeremy Weisz (4 December 2014). "Manish Kothari Interview". inspiredinsider.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  12. ^ 4 December 2014
  13. ^ "AlphaSmart". www.lawinsider.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  14. ^ "AlphaSmart: A History of One of Ed-Tech's Favorite (Drop-Kickable) Writing Tools". Hack Education. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  15. ^ "AlphaSmart - Richard's Notes". richardsnotes.org. Archived from the original on 29 October 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  16. ^ "US Patent". google.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  17. ^ "NEO Download Center - Software for NEO 1 and NEO 2 Devices". Archived from the original on 2012-08-25.
  18. ^ "2Know! Classroom Response System - overview". Renaissance Learning.
  19. ^ "AlphaSmart.com". alphasmart.com. Archived from the original on 2005-03-24. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  20. ^ Cohen, Peter (17 August 2003). "AlphaSmart updates Dana for back-to-school season". Macworld.
  21. ^ "AlphaSmart Dana Palm OS Laptop Available Now". www.palminfocenter.com. Retrieved 2019-08-03.
  22. ^ "The WordSmith Word Processor for the Palm OS". danbricklin.com. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  23. ^ Flegal, Matt (2003-09-09). "AlphaSmart Announces Availability of Dana Wireless; Affordable Palm OS Laptop Alternative Now Offers Built-in Wi-Fi Connectivity" (Press release). PRNewswire. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
  24. ^ Fadhley, Mohd Nazley (2003-12-22). "AlphaSmart Dana Wireless". PalmX.org. Archived from the original on 2014-04-08. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  25. ^ Binks, Kate (2003-08-13). "New Version of Dana by AlphaSmart Introduced" (Press release). PR Newswire. Retrieved 2014-04-15.
  26. ^ "AlphaSmart Neo Teardown: This is the Way to Write Without Distractions". 5 November 2020.
  27. ^ "Renaissance Learning intros NEO 2 "laptop"".
  28. ^ "RENAISSANCE LEARNING, INC". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  29. ^ "Form 8-K". www.sec.gov. Retrieved 9 June 2017.
  30. ^ "AlphaSmart.com". alphasmart.com. Archived from the original on 2007-10-05. Retrieved 9 June 2017.

External links