Alphonse Massamba-Débat
Alphonse Massamba-Débat | |
---|---|
Presidents of the National Assembly of Congo[1] | |
In office 1 July 1959 – 1961 | |
Preceded by | Christian Jayle |
Succeeded by | Marcel Ibalico |
Personal details | |
Born | 11 February 1921 Nkolo, French Equatorial Africa |
Died | 25 March 1977 (aged 56) Brazzaville, People's Republic of the Congo |
Cause of death | Executed by Shooting |
Political party | National Movement of the Revolution Chadian Progressive Party |
Spouse | Marie Massamba-Debat |
Alphonse Massamba-Débat (February 11, 1921 – March 25, 1977) was a
Biography
Early life
He was born in the small village of Nkolo, Boko District, French Equatorial Africa, in 1921,[2] into a Kongo family. He attended missionary school and primary schooling at the Boko Regional School. He then received training as a teacher at the Edouard Renard school in Brazzaville.[3] By the age of 13, he was a teacher and went to teach in Chad from 1945 to 1948.[3][2] By 1940, he had joined the anti-colonialist Chadian Progressive Party and served as the general secretary of the Association for the Development of Chad in 1945.[4] In 1947, he moved back to Congo and was principal of a school in Mossendjo from 1948 to 1953, then in Mindouli from 1953 to 1956. He was also the headmaster of Bakongo Secular School in Brazzaville in 1957[3][2] and joined the Congolese Progressive Party (PPC).[4]
Career
By 1957, Massamba-Débat had joined
When the
Congo under Massamba-Débat (1963-1968)
The government of Massamba-Débat attempted to undertake a political economic strategy of "
Under Massamba-Debat the Congo was ideologically aligned more with countries of a socialist nature, especially Cuba and China, while moving away from capitalist countries. Che Guevara went to meet Massamba-Débat in January 1965 and diplomatic relations were severed with the United States. Relations were strained with the neighboring Democratic Republic of the Congo, whose political path was increasingly influenced by Mobutist ambitions. Consequently, the Tshombe government expelled the citizens of Congo-Brazzaville who lived in the former Belgian Congo.
On the economic and social level, Massamba-Débat led a healthy and rigorous management. Under his presidency, the Congo began to
Massamba-Débat also attempted to form popular
On August 5, 1968, the new National Council of the Revolution (CNR) was formed, along with a new government, with 40 members including Massamba-Débat.[3]
In July 1968, he arrested Captain Ngouabi, dissolved the National Assembly and the Political Bureau of the MNR and suspended the 1963 Constitution. This resulted in a confrontation between supporters of the Civil Defense and part of the army. He was then forced to amnesty all political prisoners and deal with his opponents.[3] Following the coup tensions remained between Massamba-Débat's administration and the military and on September 4, 1968 Massamba-Débat's government was overthrown by Marien Ngouabi, the chairman of the same party that had brought Massamba-Débat to power.[6]
Life under house arrest
Following the bloodless coup of 1968 Massamba-Débat was forced to leave politics and Massamba-Débat returned to his home town. A few hours after Ngouabi's assassination Massamba-Débat was placed under arrest.[3] When Ngouabi was murdered in 1977, many people were arrested and tried for plotting the assassination, including Massamba-Débat. Massamba-Débat was executed on the night of March 25, 1977, by firing squad.[3][6][9]
See also
References
- ISBN 9782140110849.
- ^ a b c "Marien Ngouabi : Les petits secrets d'un odieux assassinat…" (in French). DAC Presse. 18 March 2012. Archived from the original on 27 August 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Liste des présidents de la République du Congo Brazzaville" (in French). Consulate General of Congo in Tunis. 17 August 2014.
- ^ a b "Database Search, Massamba-Débat, Alphonse". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-09-10.
- ^ "Alphonse Massamba-Debat - biography - president of Republic of the Congo". Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ a b c "History Database Search, Massamba-Débat, Alphonse". Archived from the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2014-05-05.
- ^ John F. Clark, "Congo: Transition and the Struggle to Consolidate", in Political Reform in Francophone Africa (1997)
- ^ ISBN 0-8078-5464-6.
- ^ "The Sydney Morning Herald - Google News Archive Search". google.com.
External links
- Media related to Alphonse Massamba-Débat at Wikimedia Commons