Altaussee

Coordinates: 47°36′36″N 13°46′58″E / 47.61000°N 13.78278°E / 47.61000; 13.78278
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Altaussee
Oid Aussee
Postal code
8992
Area code03622
Vehicle registrationLI
WebsiteOfficial website
View of the Loser, the local mountain of Altaussee

Altaussee (German:

cadastral communities: Altaussee and Lupitsch. The designated climatic spa[3] is within the Salzkammergut
region. Altaussee has the biggest salt deposits of Austria, which are still mined today.

Geography

The municipality is located in the small Ausseerland-Region within the Styrian part of the

Liezen in Styria. Altaussee covers an area of 92.11 km ² and is located at 712 m above sea level on the western shore of Lake Altaussee on the southwestern edge of the Totes Gebirge. The community center is located in a valley, which is encircled by mountains. The most noticeable of these peaks are the Loser (1838 m) to the north, the Trisselwand (1755 m) to the east and the Sandling (1717 m) to the west. The highest mountain within the community area is the Schoenberg (2093 m) close to the border with Upper Austria
. Due to the alpine location and the strong share of the Totes Gebirge about half of the municipal area consists of alpine wasteland, the rest are forests, grasslands and other land forms.

Nearby towns are

Bad Goisern, Bad Ischl and Gmunden
.

Local geology

The characteristic pale grey mountains which surround Altaussee are made of

Tethys ocean
. Because the rocks formed so deep, fossils are rare. However, corals are reported from the lower slopes of Loser mountain.

Tectonics: a major tectonic fault line runs directly beneath the Lake Altaussee, approximately east–west, and terminates in the valley west of the Seewiese. The fault is seismically active, with small earthquakes common. On a hot, clear day in August 1998, a small earthquake on the fault (M=3) caught summer bathers by surprise with a low, rumbling sound and, a few minutes later, unusually high waves.

Evaporites: Large evaporite reserves are present in the Sandling mountain, formed as a result of a major period of marine lowstand, when the sea level was low and the sea dried out. Panning and surface-level drift mining of the deposits dates back to Roman times, thanks to evidence from archaeological excavations in the 1990s, followed by similar local works from 200-400 AD.[4] By 1147 the mines had become a commercial venture, controlled by the Rein Abbey near Graz. In 1211 the mines were nationalised by Leopold VI, Duke of Austria, who transferred control to Unterlupitsch. With operations later transferred to Bad Aussee, investment in 1319 allowed the opening of the Steinberg tunnel. Followed by further periods on investment, by 1334, the mines were operated under license by the private Hallinger Union who employed 120 people, producing about 10,000 tonnes of product per annum. Renationalised by Frederick III in 1445, 120 people produced circa 10,00 tonnes of product per annum until the early 20th century. In 1906, a new brine pipeline through the Rettenbach Valley to Bad Ischl to supply the Solvay Works located in the market town of Ebensee. It is for this reason that Altaussee, and other local towns and villages such as Hallstatt, are now part of the Salzkammergut region. Production volumes in the following years quadruple, and employees double to 238.

By 1938, the salt mine had come to the attention of Adolf Hitler. Located close to his intended museum complex in Linz, inside the mine the conditions were constant: between 40 and 47 degrees; about 65 percent humidity; with the deepest tunnels more than a mile inside the mountain, safe from enemy bombs. The Nazi's built floors, walls, and shelving as well as a workshop deep in the chambers.[5]

Post-war after recovery of the art, brine production resumed. The mines are still operational today, and brine is pumped to the market town of Ebensee. In 2008, 61 employees produced 1,506,000m³ of brine, with a salt content of 450,000 tons. It is for this reason that Altaussee, and other local towns and villages such as Hallstatt, are now part of the Salzkammergut region.

History

Theodor Herzl at Altaussee 1900

The oldest settlement on the ground of the modern village of Altaussee dates back to the Roman rule (200-400 AD).[4] However, there is no historical continuity of a settlement before the Middle Ages. The salt mine on the ground of the modern village was first documented in 1147 AD, the village itself in 1265.[6]

Around 1250

Philipp of Spanheim, the Archbishop-elect of Salzburg, occupied the Ausseerland and the Ennstal. For the coverage of his claim to power he built the small Pflindsberg castle on a hill east of the Altaussee village.[7] He had to withdraw in 1254 and the region returned to Styria. In the following centuries the Pflindsberg castle developed into a regional seignory with the right to hold high justice. It was administered by an official of the styrian Landesfürst.[8]

In 1848 manorialism was abolished in the cisleithanian part of the Austrian Empire and Altaussee became an autonomous political municipality.

In the 19th century Altaussee evolved into a popular summer-resort. Especially writers and intellectuals, for example Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Jakob Wassermann, Theodor Herzl and Friedrich Torberg, spent their summer holidays in the small alpine village.[9]

World War II

Memorial plaque for the Austrian plebiscite for the Anschluss on the 10 April 1938, Altaussee 1938

After the annexation of Austria into the

aryanized.[11] In the following time the community attracted many top Nazis who inhabited these aryanized country estates. For example, three Nazi Gauleiter regularly spent their holidays in Altaussee: August Eigruber, Konrad Henlein and Hugo Jury.[12] The Nazi propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels spent his holidays in an "aryanized" country residence at the neighbouring Grundlsee.[13]

As of spring 1944, there was a permanent shelter for Wehrmacht deserters, draft dodgers and resisters hidden in the rough terrain of the Totes Gebirge north of the village. This hideout called Igel (hedgehog), was provided with food by trusted third parties in the population.[14] At the end of the war the Igel sheltered 35 people.[15]

The Ausseerland region was part of the so-called

Theresienstadt concentration camp
), tried to go into hiding in the village.

On 8 May 1945 a reconnaissance squadron of the

U.S. Seventh Army reached the Ausseerland region followed by the main force of the U.S. Army on the next day. Previously to the arrival of the U.S. Army, a self-employed civilian government was formed in Bad Aussee which preserved the order and ensured the supply of the population.[25] Ernst Kaltenbrunner fled to the Wildensee alp nearby Altaussee where he was captured by a U.S. patrol on 12 May 1945. At the end of the war a box of 60 kg Nazi gold was found near the mansion in which Kaltenbrunner had lived. Much of it has been lost since the turmoil of the early post-war days.[26]

In the two great wars of the 20th Century, a total of 162 citizens of Altaussee fell as soldiers (44 in World War I and 118 in World War II).[27]

On 1 July 1948 the village became part of the Austrian state Styria again. Until 1955 Altaussee was part of the American occupation zone in Austria.

Nazi repository for stolen art

Altaussee, May 1945 after the removal of the eight 500 kg bombs at the Nazi stolen art repository.
Main article: Nazi storage sites for art during World War II

During World War II (1943–1945) the extensive complex of salt mines in Altaussee served as a huge repository for art stolen by the Nazis. These artworks were accumulated under the alias

U.S. Army (Monuments Men, events portrayed in the 2014 film The Monuments Men.[28]

Leisure and Sport

Altaussee
(Station Bad Aussee, 4 km distance)
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
111
 
 
2
−6
 
 
82
 
 
5
−5
 
 
112
 
 
9
−1
 
 
96
 
 
13
2
 
 
121
 
 
19
7
 
 
181
 
 
21
10
 
 
212
 
 
23
11
 
 
167
 
 
24
11
 
 
129
 
 
20
8
 
 
88
 
 
15
4
 
 
110
 
 
7
−1
 
 
124
 
 
3
−4
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: ZAMG
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
4.4
 
 
36
21
 
 
3.2
 
 
41
23
 
 
4.4
 
 
48
30
 
 
3.8
 
 
55
36
 
 
4.8
 
 
66
45
 
 
7.1
 
 
70
50
 
 
8.3
 
 
73
52
 
 
6.6
 
 
75
52
 
 
5.1
 
 
68
46
 
 
3.5
 
 
59
39
 
 
4.3
 
 
45
30
 
 
4.9
 
 
37
25
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

A 7.5 km trail goes around the clear Lake Altaussee surrounded by 1838 m high Loser mountain the Trisslwand, the Tressenstein and other mountain ranges. Brown and white alpine-style houses with a beautiful church are in the center of town. The tourist bureau has a few English pamphlets, but most information, including the Literatur museum inside, is in German. A saltmine tour through the Altaussee saltmine and the former Nazi Stolen Art Repository is available every hour in the summer.[29] Hiking trails abound, with various gradings. They are marked with green and white signs. The lower ones are easy to follow while the more difficult routes are sometimes less well-marked. A paradise for outdoor enthusiasts and hikers. Flora and waterfalls make the forests and mountains even more attractive in the summer. The 9 km-long Loser Panorama Road leads to a perfect base (1.600 m) for hikes into the heart of the Tote Gebirge Mountain Range.[30] From where the road ends it is only an hours walk to the Loser Peak (1.838 m). In the wintertime the ski resort of Loser offers 29 km slopes with all levels of difficulty. In addition there are other nearby ski resorts available.

  • The Lake Altaussee and the Trisselwand Mountain
    The Lake Altaussee and the Trisselwand Mountain
  • Lake Altaussee
    Lake Altaussee
  • View of the Lake Altaussee and Altaussee, in the background the Hoher Dachstein
    View of the Lake Altaussee and Altaussee, in the background the Hoher Dachstein
  • Loser Panorama Road, in the background the Hoher Dachstein
    Loser Panorama Road, in the background the Hoher Dachstein

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dauersiedlungsraum der Gemeinden Politischen Bezirke und Bundesländer - Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Einwohnerzahl 1.1.2018 nach Gemeinden mit Status, Gebietsstand 1.1.2018". Statistics Austria. Retrieved 9 March 2019.
  3. ^ "ZAMG Klimagutachten". Archived from the original on 2011-09-07. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  4. ^
    ISBN 3-901370-226
    , p. 103.
  5. ^ Morrison, Jim. "The True Story of the Monuments Men". Smithsonianmag.com. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
  6. ^ Cf. Karl Vocelka: Die Haus- und Hofnamen der Katastralgemeinden Altaussee, Grundlsee, Lupitsch, Obertressen, Reitern und Straßen im steirischen Salzkammergut. Band 2 (= Dissertationen der Universität Wien 102). Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, Wien 1974, p. 500.
  7. ISBN 3-222-12613-5
  8. ^ Karl Vocelka: Die Haus- und Hofnamen der Katastralgemeinden Altaussee, Grundlsee, Lupitsch, Obertressen, Reitern und Strassen im Steirischen Salzkammergut. Band 1 (= Dissertationen der Universität Wien 102). Verband der wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften Österreichs, Wien 1974, p. 19f.
  9. ISBN 3-222-12613-5
  10. ^ Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, p. 11{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, p. 19{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. ^ "Central Intelligence Agency: The Last Days of Ernst Kaltenbrunner. Approved for release CIA historical review programm, 22. Sept 1993". Archived from the original on January 9, 2008. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  13. ISBN 978-1-5555-3273-4
  14. ^ Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, pp. 33f{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^ Helmut Kalss, Widerstand im Salzkammergut-Ausseerland (in German), Altaussee: Eigenverlag, p. 96
  16. ISBN 3-222-12613-5
  17. ^ a b c Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, p. 25{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  18. ISSN 0042-5702
  19. ^ Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, p. 89{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  20. ^ "Simon Wiesenthal: Doch die Mörder leben. Auf der Jagd nach flüchtigen NS-Verbrechern. In: Der Spiegel (35/1967)". Der Spiegel. 20 August 1967. Retrieved 2012-08-07.
  21. ISBN 978-0-7679-2873-1
    , S. 10.
  22. ^ "Simon Wiesenthal Archiv: Some significant cases: Adolf Eichmann". Archived from the original on 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  23. ISBN 978-0-7679-2873-1
    , S. 22.
  24. ^ "Wider des Vergessens. Index der Täter: Burger, Anton (in German)". Archived from the original on 2015-06-11. Retrieved 2013-03-13.
  25. ^ Erika Selzer, ed. (1996), 1945. Ende und Anfang im Ausseer Land. Katalog zur Ausstellung im Ausseer Kammerhofmuseum Mai 1995 - Mai 1996 (in German), vol. 17, Bad Aussee, p. 49{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  26. ^ "Bundesministerium für Vermögenssicherung und Wirtschaftsplanung. Fahndungsabteilung: Erhebungen über ehem. Goldbestände im Ausseerland. Bericht, Zahl 47115/2/47. Wien, 29. September 1947" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF; 9,9 MB) on 2012-09-16. Retrieved 2012-07-19.
  27. ^ Numbers of the fallen citizens according to the death roll of the Altaussee war memorial.
  28. ^ "Altaussee Salt Mines: During World War II, Austria's oldest salt mine was used to store thousands of pieces of stolen artwork". Atlas Obscura - Places. Atlas Obscura. 4 May 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
  29. ^ "Altaussee Salt Mine". Saltwelten.at. Retrieved 2014-05-27.
  30. ^ "Loser Panorama Road". Salzkammergut.at. Retrieved 2014-05-27.

External links

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