Amalthea (mythology)

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In Greek mythology, Amalthea or Amaltheia (Ancient Greek: Ἀμάλθεια) is the most-frequently mentioned foster-mother of Zeus.

Etymology

The name Amalthea, in Greek "tender goddess", is clearly an

Dikte".[3]

Mythology

There were different traditions regarding Amalthea.[4] Amalthea is sometimes represented as the goat who suckled the infant-god in a cave in Cretan Mount Aigaion ("Goat Mountain"),[5] sometimes as a goat-tending nymph[6] of uncertain parentage (the daughter of Oceanus,[7] Helios,[8] Haemonius,[9] or—according to LactantiusMelisseus[10]), who brought him up on the milk of her goat.[11] The possession of multiple and uncertain mythological parents indicates wide worship of a deity in many cultures having varying local traditions. Other names, like Adrasteia, Ide, the nymph of Mount Ida, or Adamanthea, which appear in mythology handbooks,[12] are simply duplicates of Amalthea.

In the tradition represented by

Kuretes or the Korybantes to dance, shout, and clash their spears against their shields.[13]

The aegis

Amalthea's skin, or that of her goat, taken by Zeus in honor of her when she died, became the protective aegis in some traditions.[14]

Among the stars

"Amaltheia was placed amongst the stars as the constellation Capra—the group of stars surrounding

catasterism
in the Poetic Astronomy, in speaking of Auriga, the Charioteer:

Parmeniscus says that a certain Melisseus was king in Crete, and to his daughters Jove was brought to nurse. Since they did not have milk, they furnished him a she-goat, Amalthea by name, who is said to have reared him. She often bore twin kids, and at the very time that Jove was brought to her to nurse, had borne a pair. And so because of the kindness of the mother, the kids, too were placed among the constellations. Cleostratus of Tenedos is said to have first pointed out these kids among the stars. But Musaeus says Jove was nursed by Themis and the nymph Amalthea, to whom he was given by Ops, his mother. Now Amalthea had as a pet a certain goat which is said to have nursed Jove.[16]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "...the business of Amaltheia, caves and the nurturing of Zeus lands us squarely in Minoan times", John Bennet remarked in passing (Bennet, "The Structure of the Linear B Administration at Knossos" American Journal of Archaeology 89.2 [April 1985:231–249] p. 107 note 39); cf. M.P. Nilsson, The Minoan-Mycenaean Religion and its Survival in Greek Religion (1950:537ff).
  2. ^ Graves, p. 42.
  3. Dictaean cave
    ." (p. 314).
  4. ^ See Smith, "Amaltheia".
  5. ^ Hesiod, Theogony 484.
  6. ^ For the primitive Amalthea as the goat rather than the goat-herding nymph, see R. W. Hutchinson, Prehistoric Crete (1962:202).
  7. Fabulae 182 (Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 158. An outdated Latin text of Hyginus' Fabulae has Althaea, see Smith and Trzaskoma, p. 191 endnote to 182; West, p. 133); Smith, "Amaltheia", which cites Schol. ad Hom. II. 21.194
    .
  8. ^ Gee, pp. 131132, which cites the epitome of Eratosthenes Catasterismoi 13.
  9. ^ Apollodorus, 2.7.5.
  10. Bee (mythology)
    .
  11. ^ According to Aratus of Sicyon, the Achaeans believed that his happened in their capital Aegium (Strabo, Geography, VIII 7,5). Legendary infancy episodes of some historical figures—and poetical figures, such as Longus' Daphnis—were suckled by goats, and the actual practice lingered in Italy into the nineteenth century: see William M. Calder, III, "Longus 1. 2: The She-Goat Nurse" Classical Philology 78.1 (January 1983:50–51).
  12. ^ Bernard Evslin, Gods, Demigods and Demons: A Handbook of Greek Mythology: s.v. "Adamanthea", "Amalthea"; Patricia Monaghan, Encyclopedia of Goddesses and Heroines, 2009, s.v. Adamanthea".
  13. ^ Kerenyi, p. 94.
  14. De Astronomica, 2.13.7-8.
  15. ^ "Amalthea (Amaltheia)". Theoi Project.
  16. De Astronomica 2.13.5–6
    .

References

External links