Amanian Gate

Coordinates: 37°11′2″N 36°33′23″E / 37.18389°N 36.55639°E / 37.18389; 36.55639
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Amanian Gate
Bahçe Pass
Amanus Mountains
Coordinates37°11′2″N 36°33′23″E / 37.18389°N 36.55639°E / 37.18389; 36.55639

The Amanian Gate (

Syrian Gate to the south.[1]

The Amanian Gate was mentioned in the ancient Nabonidus Chronicle.[2]

The Amanian Gate and the Battle of Issus

The pass played an important role leading to the

Darius III of Persia decided to lead his army north through the Amanian Gate and place his army between the two Macedonian armies at the town of Issus.[3] However, the Macedonians joined forces before the arrival of Darius, and the outcome was Persian defeat. However, Donald Engels rejects a similar interpretation.[4]

The Amanian Gate, the Mardaites, and the Fortifications

According to some historians, after the

Byzantine-Arab border region
. They initially agreed to serve as spies for the Arabs and to guard the Amanian Gate, but their loyalty was intermittent and they often sided with the Byzantines instead.[6] Because of the numerous late antique and medieval fortifications built north of the Belen Pass on established west-to-east routes through the Amanus Mountains, there is some confusion about the location of “the” Amanian Gate. The most likely candidate is just south of the modern Bahçe, which is guarded by the castle of Sarvandikar, built in the 11th and 12th centuries during the period of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia. To the south other fortresses guarding five separate Amanus passes between Cilicia Pedias and the Syria-to-Maraş highway include: Hasanbeyli, Karafrenk, Çardak, Kozcağız, Mitisin, and Mancılık. Just to the north of Bahçe on a road of considerable antiquity is the Arab fortress of Haruniye (the modern Düziçi), built in the late 8th century and later occupied by the Armenians and the Teutonic Knights.[7]

References

  1. ^ Smith, William. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, 1878, s.v. 'Amanides Pylae'
  2. ^ "Amanus Mountains". livius.org. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  3. ^ "The Battle of Issus". livius.org. Archived from the original on 30 April 2013. Retrieved 30 December 2010.
  4. ^ Engels, Donald, 1978, Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army, p. 53 fn. 137.
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6
  6. ^ Canard, M. "Djaradjima". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). BRILL. p. 457.
  7. ISBN 0-88402-163-7
    .
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