Amapá
Amapá | |
---|---|
Estado do Amapá State of Amapá | |
US$ 3.7 billion) | |
HDI | |
• Year | 2021 |
• Category | 0.688[3] – medium (25th) |
Time zone | UTC−03:00 (BRT) |
Postal Code | 68900-000 to 68999-000 |
ISO 3166 code | BR-AP |
License Plate Letter Sequence | NEI to NFB, QLN to QLT, SAK to SAO |
Website | AP.gov.br |
Amapá ([amaˈpa] ⓘ) is one of the 26 states of Brazil. It is in the North Region of Brazil. It is the second-least populous state and the eighteenth-largest state by area. Located in the far northern part of the country, Amapá is bordered clockwise by French Guiana to the north for 730 km, the Atlantic Ocean to the east for 578 km, Pará to the south and west, and Suriname to the northwest for 63 km. The capital and largest city is Macapá. The state has 0.4% of the Brazilian population and is responsible for only 0.22% of the Brazilian GDP.
In the colonial period the region was called Portuguese Guiana and was part of Portugal's State of Brazil. Later, the region was distinguished from the other Guianas. Amapá was once part of Pará, but became a separate territory in 1943, and a state in 1988.[4]
The dominant feature of the region, and 90 percent of its total area, is the
History
During the colonial era from 1637 to 1654 the Amapá region was merged into the Captaincy of Pará, which was the Captaincy of Cabo de Norte.[5] In the early colonial period the Amapá region was a rich source of lumber, resins, annatto, vegetable oils, and salted fish, all of which were exported to Europe. The French established sugarcane plantations in this period.
With the discovery of mineral deposits the Amapá region was invaded by the
The discovery of
The discovery of rich manganese deposits in Serra do Navio in 1945 revolutionized the local economy. Manganese remains the largest source of revenue in the state.[5] Amapá did not achieve statehood until 5 October 1988, at the time of the promulgation of the new Brazilian Constitution.
Geography
-
Karupina mountain in the Uaçá Indigenous Territory, Amapá, Brazil.
The State of Amapá possesses the lowest rate of loss of its original vegetation for any Brazilian state, estimated at only 2%. Most of the Amapá territory is covered with
Nature
To protect the natural resources of the state, there are, as of 2016, 12 protected areas and five indigenous territories covering 10,476,117 hectares (25,887,050 acres), or 72% of the state.[6] The Amapá Biodiversity Corridor has been established in 2003 to provide integrated management for the conservation area.[7] The most important protected areas are the Tumucumaque Mountains National Park located in the west of the state, and the Cabo Orange National Park located near the coast. The Tumucumaque Mountains National Park is the world's largest tropical forest national park.[8] The Cabo Orange National Park contains flooded grasslands and mangrove forests which are important fish nurseries.[9]
Climate
Most of Amapá has a Tropical monsoon climate, a tropical climate with a short dry season and heavy rainfall for the majority of the year. In the Köppen climate classification, it is classified under the letters Am. Tropical rainforest is the natural vegetation, and also provides the other climate type located in the state.
Demographics
According to the 2022 census, there were 733,759 people residing in the state, with a population density of 5.1/km2. The population of Amapá is highly urbanized, with 93.7% of the population residing primarily in Macapá and Santana.[10] Population growth: 5.7% (1991–2000); Houses: 144,000 (2006).
During the 2022 census, 65.3% identified as
The majority of the residents of Amapá live in poverty. According to the Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV) 36.56% of the population live on only R$79 per month, which the foundation considers below a decent standard of living.[5]
Religion
According to data obtained by the IBGE in the 2010 Brazilian Census, 64% of Amapá residents are Roman Catholics, 28% are evangelicals (Protestants) and 6% do not profess any religion. The other faiths added together add up to 2% of the population. [12]
The Catholic Church comprises the Diocese of Macapá (1949) a suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Belém de Pará, under Bishop Pedro José Conti (2004) with 27 parishes.[13]
Municipalities
Largest cities or towns in Amapá
(2010 census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics)[14] | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Mesoregion | Pop. | Rank | Mesoregion | Pop. | ||||
Macapá Santana |
1 | Macapá | Sul | 407,023 | 11 | Amapá |
Norte | 8,142 | Laranjal do Jari Oiapoque |
2 | Santana | Sul | 102,860 | 12 | Ferreira Gomes | Sul | 5,974 | ||
3 | Laranjal do Jari | Sul | 40,819 | 13 | Cutias | Sul | 4,805 | ||
4 | Oiapoque | Norte | 21,094 | 14 | Serra do Navio | Sul | 4,463 | ||
5 | Mazagão | Sul | 17,419 | 15 | Itaubal | Sul | 4,370 | ||
6 | Porto Grande | Sul | 17,252 | 16 | Pracuuba |
Norte | 3,909 | ||
7 | Tartarugalzinho | Norte | 12,981 | ||||||
8 | Vitória do Jari | Sul | 12,725 | ||||||
9 | Pedra Branca do Amapari | Sul | 11,291 | ||||||
10 | Calçoene | Norte | 9,174 |
Indigenous population
The
The region around the
Education
Educational institutions
- Universidade Federal do Amapá(Unifap) (Federal University of Amapá)
- Universidade Estadual do Amapá (UEAP) (Amapá State University)
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amapá (IFAP) (Amapá Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology)
- Centro de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Ceap)
- Instituto de Ensino Superior do Amapá (Iesap)
- Instituto Macapaense de Ensino Superior (IMMES)
- Faculdade Seama (Seama College)
Economy
The
Transport
International Airport
The main airport of the state is Macapá International Airport. On 12 April 2019 a new terminal was opened replacing an older facility. Following its closure, the old terminal was demolished to make room for an enlarged apron which was completed by 2020.[23][24]
Highways
There are two federal highways in Amapá:
There are no road connections to other Brazilian states. In
Ports and harbours
There is a small port in Macapá; however, it is not suitable for cargo traffic.
Flag
The flag was adopted by Decree No. 8 of 23 April 1984. The blue represents the sky over Amapá and justice, the green represents the native rainforest, and the yellow represents the Union and its natural resources. The black stands for the deceased who worked for the state, and the white for the will of the state to live in peace and stability. The symbol on the hoist-side represents the Fortress of São José, out of which the state capital grew.[34]
Before 1984, the state had a red-white-red flag, based on the flag of Pará, and similar to the flag of Peru.[35]
See also
- Brazil
- Calçoene - Amapá town, site of pre-colonial observatory
- List of municipalities in Amapá
- List of governors of Amapá
- Eletrobras
- Central Market of Macapá
References
- ^ "2014 Brazilian Population Estimates" (PDF). IBGE. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
- ^ "PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021". ibge.gov.br.
- ^ "Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022". www.atlasbrasil.org.br. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
- ^ "Amapá". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ ISBN 8587864742.
- ISBN 978-88-14-14368-7. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ Corredor de Biodiversidade do Amapá Biodiversity Corridor (PDF). Belém: CI-Brasil, Governo do Amapá, Fundação Lee & Gund. 2007. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Brazil creates largest rainforest reserve". BBC News. 5 April 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
- ^ "Cabo Orange National Park". Ramsar. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Perfil do Estado" (in Portuguese). Macapá: Governo do Estado do Amapá. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ "Censo 2022 - Panorama".
- ^ «Pesquisa». IBGE. 2010. Consultado em 30 de setembro de 2021
- ^ "Macapá (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]".
- ^ "Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011" [Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 30 August 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
- ^ "Índios do Amapá". Terras Indigenas (in Portuguese). Retrieved 6 April 2021.
- )
- hdl:10023/16408.
- ^ Anonby, Stan (2007). "A report on the creoles of Amapá". Journal of Language Survey Reports: 7.
- ^ Camargo, Sophia (15 December 2019). "Descubra quais são os 15 Estados mais ricos do Brasil". R7 (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ "100 maiores PIBs da agropecuária". Terra (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ "Cidades e Estados". Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (in Portuguese). Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ "Projeção da população do Brasil e das Unidades da Federação". Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ "Infraero entrega novo aeroporto de Macapá" (in Portuguese). Amazônia Brasil Rádio Web. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Após 15 anos de obras e paralizações novo aeroporto de Macapá será inaugurado" (in Portuguese). G1. 11 April 2019. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "BR-156" (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on 12 September 2012. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Le pont de l'Oyapock inauguré et officiellement ouvert à la circulation". France TV Info (in French). Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Serra do Navio". Government of Amapá (in Portuguese). Retrieved 3 April 2021.
- ^ "Rodovias Transversais" (PDF). Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Obra da Rodovia AP-010 fortalece setor primário e turístico em Mazagão". Diário do Amapá (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Balsa que faz travessia de laranjal do Jari para Monte Dourado está quebrada, no AP". Globo (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ "Maior balsa do Brasil começa a operar no Amapá". Seles Nafes (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 April 2020.
- ^ "Macapa". Fleet Mon (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "O Porto". Docas De Santana (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Símbolos do Estado" (in Portuguese). Macapá: Governo do Estado do Amapá. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 February 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2015.
- ^ "Estado do Amapá". www.vexilologia.com.br (in Portuguese). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
External links
- (in Portuguese) Official Website